神马文学网经典用户界面交互设计黄金8法则
来源：百度文库 编辑：神马文学网 时间：2024/04/29 17:30:48
这些准则是由Ben Shneiderman的Designing the User Interface这本书中节录出来的。这些准则是Shneiderman藉由经验与观察互动系统后，将一些合适的经验法则再精炼、延伸后才整理出来的。
一个容易的使用的应用程序，妥善的用户接口设计是少不了的。Shneiderman的八个经典用户接口设计准则是设计一个互动作品的最佳指南。
1.取得一致性：
类似的情况应该有让使用者有一致性的操作。在提示、选单与说明文件中，应该采用同样的名词。并且保持命令的一贯性。
2.让重度用户使用快捷方式：
当使用频率增加时，使用者会希望减少互动的次数、让每次的互动能够一次做更多的动作。缩写、功能键、隐藏功能与综观全局的功能，对专家来说非常有用。
3.提供有意义的回馈：
当使用者做出一些动作时，系统应该提供回馈。越频繁的动作，其回馈的强度可以低一些。越重要或不寻常的动作，其回馈强度应该要显著一些。
4.设计对话产生结束：
一连串的动作应该被组织成开始、中间、结束三部份。当动作结束的时候，要提供回馈让使用者知道动作已经完成。在做下个一连串的动作之前，先告知使用者整个流程，能够减轻使用者的压力、提高满意度。
5.提供简单的错误处理：
最好不要让系统有严重错误的可能性。如果还是造成错误，系统应该能够侦测出出来，并提供一个简单、使用者可以理解的错误处理方式。
6.允许回到上一步：
这个功能可以减低使用者的焦虑，因为使用者只到做错了可以重来。这个功能鼓励使用者探索不熟西的选项。回到上一步的功能，可以包含一个、或是一连串的动作。
7.满足使用者控制的需求：
有经验的使用者强烈的感觉到他们在控制系统，做出动作之后，系统提供回馈。系统设计上要让使用者作为动作的处发者，而不是响应者。
8.减少短期记忆需求：
人类的短期记忆有限，因此显示上要保持简单、能同时显示多页数据以减少窗口切换频率，减少记忆指令和动作顺序的时间。
原文：http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/almstrum/cs370/elvisino/rules.html
These rules were obtained from the text Designing the User Interface by Ben Shneiderman. Shneiderman proposed this collection of principles that are derived heuristically from experience and applicable in most interactive systems after being properly refined, extended, and interpreted.
To improve the usability of an application it is important to have a well designed interface. Shneiderman’s “Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design” are a guide to good interaction design.
1 Strive for consistency.
Consistent sequences of actions should be required in similar situations; identical terminology should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens; and consistent commands should be employed throughout.
2 Enable frequent users to use shortcuts.
As the frequency of use increases, so do the user’s desires to reduce the number of interactions and to increase the pace of interaction. Abbreviations, function keys, hidden commands, and macro facilities are very helpful to an expert user.
3 Offer informative feedback.
For every operator action, there should be some system feedback. For frequent and minor actions, the response can be modest, while for infrequent and major actions, the response should be more substantial.
4 Design dialog to yield closure.
Sequences of actions should be organized into groups with a beginning, middle, and end. The informative feedback at the completion of a group of actions gives the operators the satisfaction of accomplishment, a sense of relief, the signal to _drop contingency plans and options from their minds, and an indication that the way is clear to prepare for the next group of actions.
5 Offer simple error handling.
As much as possible, design the system so the user cannot make a serious error. If an error is made, the system should be able to detect the error and offer simple, comprehensible mechanisms for handling the error.
6 Permit easy reversal of actions.
This feature relieves anxiety, since the user knows that errors can be undone; it thus encourages exploration of unfamiliar options. The units of reversibility may be a single action, a data entry, or a complete group of actions.
7 Support internal locus of control.
Experienced operators strongly desire the sense that they are in charge of the system and that the system responds to their actions. Design the system to make users the initiators of actions rather than the responders.
8 Reduce short-term memory load.
The limitation of human information processing in short-term memory requires that displays be kept simple, multiple page displays be consolidated, window-motion frequency be reduced, and sufficient training time be allotted for codes, mnemonics, and sequences of actions.
一个容易的使用的应用程序，妥善的用户接口设计是少不了的。Shneiderman的八个经典用户接口设计准则是设计一个互动作品的最佳指南。
1.取得一致性：
类似的情况应该有让使用者有一致性的操作。在提示、选单与说明文件中，应该采用同样的名词。并且保持命令的一贯性。
2.让重度用户使用快捷方式：
当使用频率增加时，使用者会希望减少互动的次数、让每次的互动能够一次做更多的动作。缩写、功能键、隐藏功能与综观全局的功能，对专家来说非常有用。
3.提供有意义的回馈：
当使用者做出一些动作时，系统应该提供回馈。越频繁的动作，其回馈的强度可以低一些。越重要或不寻常的动作，其回馈强度应该要显著一些。
4.设计对话产生结束：
一连串的动作应该被组织成开始、中间、结束三部份。当动作结束的时候，要提供回馈让使用者知道动作已经完成。在做下个一连串的动作之前，先告知使用者整个流程，能够减轻使用者的压力、提高满意度。
5.提供简单的错误处理：
最好不要让系统有严重错误的可能性。如果还是造成错误，系统应该能够侦测出出来，并提供一个简单、使用者可以理解的错误处理方式。
6.允许回到上一步：
这个功能可以减低使用者的焦虑，因为使用者只到做错了可以重来。这个功能鼓励使用者探索不熟西的选项。回到上一步的功能，可以包含一个、或是一连串的动作。
7.满足使用者控制的需求：
有经验的使用者强烈的感觉到他们在控制系统，做出动作之后，系统提供回馈。系统设计上要让使用者作为动作的处发者，而不是响应者。
8.减少短期记忆需求：
人类的短期记忆有限，因此显示上要保持简单、能同时显示多页数据以减少窗口切换频率，减少记忆指令和动作顺序的时间。
原文：http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/almstrum/cs370/elvisino/rules.html
These rules were obtained from the text Designing the User Interface by Ben Shneiderman. Shneiderman proposed this collection of principles that are derived heuristically from experience and applicable in most interactive systems after being properly refined, extended, and interpreted.
To improve the usability of an application it is important to have a well designed interface. Shneiderman’s “Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design” are a guide to good interaction design.
1 Strive for consistency.
Consistent sequences of actions should be required in similar situations; identical terminology should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens; and consistent commands should be employed throughout.
2 Enable frequent users to use shortcuts.
As the frequency of use increases, so do the user’s desires to reduce the number of interactions and to increase the pace of interaction. Abbreviations, function keys, hidden commands, and macro facilities are very helpful to an expert user.
3 Offer informative feedback.
For every operator action, there should be some system feedback. For frequent and minor actions, the response can be modest, while for infrequent and major actions, the response should be more substantial.
4 Design dialog to yield closure.
Sequences of actions should be organized into groups with a beginning, middle, and end. The informative feedback at the completion of a group of actions gives the operators the satisfaction of accomplishment, a sense of relief, the signal to _drop contingency plans and options from their minds, and an indication that the way is clear to prepare for the next group of actions.
5 Offer simple error handling.
As much as possible, design the system so the user cannot make a serious error. If an error is made, the system should be able to detect the error and offer simple, comprehensible mechanisms for handling the error.
6 Permit easy reversal of actions.
This feature relieves anxiety, since the user knows that errors can be undone; it thus encourages exploration of unfamiliar options. The units of reversibility may be a single action, a data entry, or a complete group of actions.
7 Support internal locus of control.
Experienced operators strongly desire the sense that they are in charge of the system and that the system responds to their actions. Design the system to make users the initiators of actions rather than the responders.
8 Reduce short-term memory load.
The limitation of human information processing in short-term memory requires that displays be kept simple, multiple page displays be consolidated, window-motion frequency be reduced, and sufficient training time be allotted for codes, mnemonics, and sequences of actions.