拜伦诗歌选读收藏版

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                           拜伦诗歌选读                                                                            司马遥编选   拜伦介绍        乔治·戈登·拜伦(george gordon byron1788-1824)是苏格兰贵族。1788年1月23日出生于伦敦。他天生跛一足,并对此很敏感。十岁时,拜伦家族的世袭爵位及产业(纽斯泰德寺院是其府邸)落到他身上,成为拜伦第六世勋爵。1805-1808年在剑桥大学学文学及历史,他是个不正规的学生,很少听课,却广泛阅读了欧洲和英国的文学、哲学和历史著作,同时也从事射击、赌博、饮酒、打猎、游泳等各种活动。1809年3月,他作为世袭贵族进入了贵族院,他出席议院和发言的次数不多,但这些发言都鲜明地表示了拜伦的自由主义的进步立场。 
   从1809-1811,拜伦出国作东方的旅行,是为了要“看看人类,而不是只方书本上读到他们”,还为了扫除“一个岛民怀着狭隘的偏见守在家门的有害后果”。在旅途中,他开始写作《恰尔德。哈洛尔德游记》和其他诗篇,并在心中酝酿未来的东方故事诗。《恰尔德。哈洛尔德游记》的第一、二章在1812年2月问世,轰动了文坛,使拜伦一跃成为伦敦社交界的明星。然而这并没有使他和英国的贵族资产阶级妥协。他自早年就自到这个社会及其统治阶级的顽固、虚伪、邪恶及偏见,他的诗一直是对这一切的抗议。
  1811-1816年,拜伦一直在生活在不断的感情旋涡中。在他到处受欢迎的社交生活中,逢场作戏的爱情俯拾即是,一个年青的贵族诗人的风流韵事自然更为人津津乐道。拜伦在1813年向一位安娜·密尔班克小姐求婚,于1815年1月和她结了婚。这是拜伦一生中所铸的最大的错误。拜伦夫人是一个见解褊狭的、深为其阶级的伪善所宥的人,完全不能理解拜伦的事业和观点。婚后一年,便带着初生一个多月的女儿回到自己家中,拒绝与拜伦同居,从而使流言纷起。以此为契机,英国统治阶级对它的叛逆者拜伦进行了最疯狂的报复,以图毁灭这个胆敢在政治上与它为敌的诗人。这时期的痛苦感受,也使他写出象《普罗米修斯》那样的诗,表示向他的压迫者反抗到底的决心。
  拜伦在1916年4月永远离开了英国,一个传记作者说他“被赶出了国土,钱带和心灵都破了产 ,他离去了,永不在回;但他离去后,却在若恩河的激流之旁找到新的灵感,在意大利的天空下写出了使他的名字永垂不朽的作品。” 
  1816年,拜伦居住在瑞士,在日内瓦结识了另一个流亡的诗人雪莱,对英国发动统治的憎恨和对诗歌的同好使他们结成了密友。
  拜伦在旅居国外期间,陆续写成《恰尔德 哈洛尔德游记》(1816-1817)、故事诗《锡雍的囚徒》(1816)、历史悲剧《曼弗雷德》(1817)、长诗《青铜世纪》(1923)等。巨著《唐璜》是拜伦最重要的一组诗,半庄半谐、夹叙夹议,有现实主义的内容,又有奇突、轻松而讽刺的笔凋。第一、二章匿名发表后,立即引起巨大的反响。英国维护资产阶级体面的报刊群起而攻之,指责它对宗教和道德进攻,是“对体面、善良感情和维护社会所必须的行为准则的讥讽”,“令每个正常的头脑厌恶”,等等。 
  但同时,它也受到高度的赞扬。作家瓦尔特·司各特说《唐璜》“象莎士比亚一样地包罗万象,他囊括了人生的每个题目,拨动了神圣的琴上的每一根弦,弹出最细小以至最强烈最震动心灵的调子。”诗人歌德说,“《唐璜》是彻底的天才的作品--愤世到了不顾一切的辛辣程度,温柔到了优美感情的最纤细动人的地步……”。《唐璜》写完第十六章,拜伦已准备献身于希腊的民族解放运动了。 
  这是诗人一生最后的、也是最光辉的一业。他既憎恨发动的“神圣同盟”对欧洲各民族的压迫,也憎恨土尔其对希腊的统治。1824年,拜伦忙于战备工作,不幸遇雨受寒,一病不起,4月9日逝世。他的死使希腊人民深感悲痛,全国志哀二十一天。
  回顾他的一生,他的诗,他的精神,就足以使任何能感应的人相信:拜伦不但是一个伟大的诗人,而且是世界上总会需要的一种诗人,以嘲笑其较卑劣的,并鼓舞其较崇高的行动。                   悼玛格丽特表姊
 On the Death of Magaret Parker, Cousin to the Author
  晚风沉寂了,暮色悄然无声,
 林间不曾有一缕微风吹度;
 我归来祭扫玛格丽特的坟莹,
 把鲜花洒向我所挚爱的尘土。
Hush'd are the winds,and still the evening gloom,
 Not e'en a zephyr wanders through the grove,
Whilst I return ,to view my Magaret's tomb,
 And scatter flowers on the dust I love.
 这狭小墓穴里偃卧着她的身躯,
 想当年芳华乍吐,闪射光焰;
 如今可怖的死神已将她攫去,
  美德和丽质又岂能赎返天年!
Within this narrow cell reclines her clay,
 Ttat clay, where once such animation beam'd;
The King of Terrors seized her as his prey,
 Not worth,nor beauty, have her life redeem's.  哦!只要死神懂一点仁慈,
 只要上苍能撤销命运的裁决!
 吊客就无需来这儿诉他的悲思,
 诗人也无需来这儿赞她的莹洁。
Oh!could that King of Terrors pity feel,
 Or Heaven reverse the dread decrees of fate!
Not here the mourner would his grief reveal,
 Not here the muse her virtues would relate.
 
 为什么要悲恸?她无匹的灵魂高翔,
 凌越于红日赫赫流辉的碧落;
 流泪的天使领她到天国的闺房,
 那儿,"德行"酬她以无尽欢乐。
But wherefore weep? Her matchless spirit soars
 Beyond where splendid shines the orb of day;
And weeping angels lead her to those bowers
 Where endless pleasures virtue's deeds repay.  可容许放肆的凡夫问罪上苍,
 如痴似狂地斥责神圣的天意?
 不!这骄妄的企图已离我远扬,
 我岂能拒不顺从我们的上帝!
And shall presumptuous mortals Heaven arraign,
 And,madly,godlike Providence accuse?
Ah! no, far fly from me attempts so vain;-
 I'll ne'er submission to my God refuse.  但她对美德的怀想是这样亲切,
 但对她娇容的记忆是这样新鲜;
 它们依旧汲引我深情的泪液,
 依然盘桓在它们惯住的心田。
Yet is remembrance of those virtues dear,
 Yet fresh the memory of that beauteous face;
Still they call forth my warm affection's tear,
 Still in my heart retain their wonted place.
                                            1802.
                                            杨德豫译               勒钦伊盖
去吧,你秾艳的景色,你玫瑰的园圃!
  让富贵的宠儿在你们那里遨游;
还给我巉岩峻岭--白雪的住处,
  它们早已献给了爱情和自由;
喀利多尼亚!我爱慕你的山岳,
 尽管皑皑的峰顶风雨交加,
不见泉水徐流,见飞瀑布泻--
 我多么眷念那幽暗的洛奇纳伽!啊!我儿时常常在那儿来往,
 头戴软帽,身穿花格呢外衣;
缅怀着那些已故多年的酋长,
 我天天踱过松河掩盖的林地。
直到白昼受尽它暗淡的余光,
  北极星当空闪耀,我才回家;
是什么故事勾起迷人的遐想?
  是山民的传说--在幽暗的洛奇纳伽。“逝者的亡灵!难道我没有听见
  席卷暗夜的怒风里,你们在喧呼?”
英雄的精魅定然是满心欢乐,
  驾驭雄风驰骋于故乡的山谷。
当风雪迷雾在洛奇纳伽聚拢,
  严冬便趋着冰车君临天下,
云霾围裹着我们祖先的身影,
  在那风暴里--在幽暗的洛奇纳伽。“不幸的勇士门!竟没有什么异象
  预示命运遗弃了你们的事业?”
你们注定要在克洛登阵亡
  胜利岂能用欢呼将你们酬谢!
总算有幸,和你们的部族一起,
  在勃瑞玛岩穴,你们长眠地下;
高亢的风笛传扬着你们的事迹,
  峰峦回应着--在幽暗的洛奇纳伽。洛奇纳伽河,别后已有多少光阴!
  在与你相逢,还要过多少岁月!
造物主没有给你繁华和绿阴,
  你却比艾尔宾的原野更为亲切。
从远方山岳归来的游子眼中,
  英格兰!你的美过于驯服,温雅!
我多么眷恋那粗犷、雄峻的岩峰
  那含怒的景色,那幽暗的洛奇纳伽!
                                                  杨德豫译  
当初我们俩分别 
When We Two Parted

当初我们俩分别,
只有沉默和眼泪,
心儿几乎要破裂,
得分隔多少年岁!
你的脸发白发冷,
你的吻更是冰凉;
确实呵,那个时辰
预告了今日的悲伤!
When we two parted
    In silence and tears,
Half broken-hearted
    To sever for years,
Pale grew thy cheek and cold,
    Colder thy kiss;
Truly that hour foretold
    Sorrow to this. 清晨滴落的露珠
浸入我眉头,好冷--
对我今天的感触
仿佛是预先示警。
你把盟誓都背弃,
名声也轻浮浪荡;
听别人把你说起,
连我也羞愧难当。
The dew of the morning
    Sunk chill on my brow-
It felt like the warning
    Of what I feel now.
Thy vows are all broken,
    And light is thy fame:
I hear thy name spoken,
    And share in its shame. 他们当着我说你,
像丧钟响在耳旁;
我周身止不住战栗--
对你怎这样情长?
他们不知我熟悉你--
只怕是熟悉过度!
我会久久惋惜你,
深切得难以陈诉。
They name thee before me,
    A knell to mine ear;
A shudder comes o'er me-
    Why wert thou so dear?
They know not I knew thee,
    Who knew thee too well:
Long, long shall I rue thee,
    Too deeply to tell. 想当初幽期密约;
到如今默默哀怨:
你的心儿会忘却,
你的灵魂会欺骗。
要是多少年以后,
我偶然与你相会,
用什么将你迎接?
只有沉默和眼泪。
In secret we met-
    In silence I grieve,
That thy heart could forget,
    Thy spirit deceive.
If I should meet thee
    After long years,
How should I greet thee?
    With silence and tears.
                                  1808年
                                    杨德豫译   雅典的女郎
Maid of Athens

趁我们还没分手的时光,
还我的心来,雅典的女郎!
不必了,心既已离开我胸口,
你就留着吧,把别的也拿走!
我临行立下了誓言,请听:
我爱你呵,你是我生命!①
Maid of Athens, ere we part,
Give, oh, give back my heart!
Or, since that has left my breast,
Keep it now, and take the rest!
Hear my vow before I go,
Zoë mou sas agapo. 凭着你那些松散的发辫--
爱琴海的清风将它们眷恋,
凭着你眼皮--那乌黑的眼睫
亲吻你颊上嫣红的光泽:
凭着你小鹿般迷人的眼睛,
我爱你呵,你是我生命!
By those tresses unconfined,
Wooed by each Aegean wind;
By those lids whose jetty fringe
Kiss thy soft cheeks blooming tinge;
By those wild eyes like the roe,
Zoë mou sas agapo. 凭着我痴情渴慕的红唇,
凭着那丝带紧束的腰身,
凭着定情花--它们的暗喻②
胜过了人间的千言万语;
凭着爱情的欢乐和酸辛:
我爱你呵,你是我生命!
By that lip I long to taste;
By that zone-encircled waist;
By all the token-flowers that tell
What words can never speak so well;
By loves alternate joy and woe,
Zoë mou sas agapo.  我可真走了,雅典的女郎!
怀念我吧,在孤寂的时光!
我身向伊斯坦布尔飞奔,
雅典却拘留了我的心魂,
我能够不爱你吗?不能!
我爱你呵,你是我生命!
Maid of Athens! I am gone:
Think of me, sweet! when alone.
Though I fly to Istambol,
Athens holds my heart and soul:
Can I cease to love thee? No!
Zoë mou sas agapo.
                                                 1810年,雅典
                    杨德豫译 ①这一行和以下各节的末行,原文为希腊文。
②希腊少女常以花朵作为表白爱情的信物。        她走在美的光影里
    She walks in beauty
 
 她走在美的光影里,好像
 无云的夜空,繁星闪烁;
明与暗的最美的形相
 交会于她的容颜和眼波,
融成一片恬淡的清光--
 浓艳的白天得不到的恩泽。
She walks in beauty, like the night
    Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
    Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
    Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 多一道阴影,少一缕光茫,
 都会损害那难言的优美:
美在她绺绺黑发上飘荡,
 在她的腮颊上洒布柔辉;
愉悦的思想在那儿颂扬
 这神圣寓所的纯洁、高贵。
One shade the more, one ray the less,
    Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
    Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
    How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. 那脸颊,那眉宇,幽娴、沉静,
 情意却胜似万语千言;
迷人的笑容,灼人的红晕,
 显示温情伴送着芳年;
和平的、涵容一切的灵魂!
 蕴蓄着真纯爱情的心田!
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
    So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
    But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
    A heart whose love is innocent!                                                杨德豫译 
                        我见过你哭
         I saw thee weep
   我见过你哭--炯炯的蓝眼
   滴出晶莹的泪珠,
  在我想像里幻成紫罗兰
   滴着澄洁的露水。
  我见过你笑--湛蓝的宝石
   光泽也黯然收敛,
  怎能匹敌你嫣然的瞥视
   那灵活闪动的光焰。
I saw thee weep --- the big bright tear
Came o'er that eye of blue;
And then, me thought, it did appear
A violet dropping dew:
I saw thee smile --- the sapphire's blaze
Beside thee ceased to shine;
It could not match the living rays
That filled that glance of thine.   有如夕阳给远近的云层
   染就了绮丽的霞彩,
  冉冉而来的夜色也不能
   把霞光逐出天外,
  你那微笑让抑郁的心灵
   分享它纯真的欢乐,
  这阳光留下了一道光明
   在心灵上空闪射。
As clouds from yonder sun receive
A deep and mellow dye,
Which scarce the shade of coming eve
Can banish from the sky,
Those smiles unto the moodiest mind
Their own pure joy impart;
Their sunshine leaves a glow behind
That lightens o'er the heart.                                       杨德豫译   我们在巴比伦的河边坐下来哭泣
By the Rivers of Babylon We Sat Down and Wept
 我们在巴别的河滨
 坐下来哭泣,想那天
狂呼乱砍的敌人
 焚掠了撒冷的神山;
她孤苦无依的儿女们
 哀哭着向四方逃散。
We sat down and wept by the waters
  Of Babel, and thought of the day
When our foe, in the hue of his slaughters,
  Made Salem's high places his prey;
And ye, oh her desolate daughters!
  Were scattered all weeping away. 河水自由地奔流,
 为名越看越伤悲;
叫为名歌唱吗?否!
 谁肯取悦于异类!
要我为敌人弹奏,
 情愿让右手枯萎!
While sadly we gazed on the river
  Which rolled on in freedom below,
They demanded the song; but, oh never
  That triumph the stranger shall know!
May this right hand be withered for ever,
  Ere it string our high harp for the foe!柳树上挂起我的琴,
 它只奏自由之歌,
撒冷的荣耀已沉沦,
 只留下这张琴给我;
决不能让它的清音
 同敌寇叫嚣声混合!
On the willow that harp is suspended,
  Oh Salem!  its sound should be free;
And the hour when thy glories were ended
  But left me that token of thee:
And ne'er shall its soft tones be blended
  With the voice of the spoiler by me! 
                                           杨德豫译   写给奥古丝塔  (其一) 当阴霾暗影将四周笼罩,
 “理性”悄然隐匿了光芒,
“希望”闪烁着垂危的火苗,
 我在孤独中迷失了方向。当内心展开惨烈的搏斗,
 当灵魂面临阴森的午夜,
恐怖的凌虐被称为宽厚,
 软弱者绝望,冷漠者告别;当厄运临头,爱情原扬,
 憎恨的利箭万弩齐发:
你是我独一无二的星光,
 高悬在夜空,永不坠下。幸有你长明不晦的光焰!
 像天使明眸,将我守护,
峙立在我和暗夜的中间,
 天涯咫尺,清辉永驻。
当滚滚乌云奔临头顶,
 极力掩却你煜煜的明辉,
你远布的光华却愈加纯净,
 把周遭的暗影尽行逐退。愿你心俯临我心,来教导:
 何事要果敢,何事要宽容;
你一句轻柔的低语便抵消
 全世界对我的可卑的指控。你象棵绿树,枝叶婆娑,
 屹立不屈,却微微低俯,
忠诚地,慈爱地,摇弋着枝柯,
 荫覆你深情眷念的故物。任狂飚暴雨横扫大地,
 你还是那样热切温存,
在风雨如晦的时刻,把你
 洒泪的绿叶撒布我周身。让任何恶运降临我头上
 决不能让你遇到灾厄:
阳光朗照的天廷要报偿
 仁慈的圣者--你是第一个!溃灭的爱情,任凭它崩断!
 你的情谊却万世难消;
你心肠善感,却从不变换,
 你灵魂柔顺,却永不动摇。一切都失去,惟有你不变,
 你那忠实可靠的胸怀!
这世界原来并不是荒原--
 甚至对我也未尝例外!
           (其二) 我吉祥的日子已一去不返,
 我命运的星辰正暗然陨落,
你慈惠的心灵却从未发现
 众人所指摘的我那些过错。
你的心熟知我的苦痛,
 却毫不畏避,愿与我分尝,
我心灵所描绘的那种爱情
 竟无处寻觅--除了你心上。周遭的大自然展露笑颜,
 这是它答我的最后一笑,
我不能相信它是欺骗,
 只因联想到你的笑貌。
当狂风袭击海洋(正如
 我信赖的心胸向我袭击),
那海浪激起我什么感触?
 只怪它--海浪,把你我分离!我残余希望的基石已撞破,
 碎片纷纷沉没到水底;
灵魂已交给痛苦来发落,
 但他决不做痛苦的奴隶。
种种的苦难会来追逐:
 它们能摧毁,却休想侮蔑,
它们能折磨,却休想制伏我--
 我只想着你:想它们?不屑!虽然你是人,却不欺哄我;
 虽然是女人,你不曾遗弃;
虽然被我爱,从不刺痛我;
 虽然被毁谤,你毫不游移;
虽然被信赖,不曾回绝我;
 虽然分别了,并不想摆脱;
虽然很警觉,绝不污蔑我;
 为防人曲解,也不甘沉默。我并不谴责或鄙薄这世界,
 也不恨众人对我的攻击;
既然我无法尊敬这一切,
 只怪我太蠢,不早些回避。
我为这过失付出了高价--
 高昂得超出原先的预料;
但是,不管我损失多大,
 绝不能从这儿把你夺掉!往事已消亡,残存的遗物里
 还有这么多我铭刻在心;
指明:我素日最爱的东西
 不愧是世间难觅的奇珍。
沙漠里涌出一道甘泉,
 荒原上挺立一棵绿树,
幽寂中一只鸟儿啼啭,
 向我的心灵将你描述。
                                    杨德豫译  我们将不再徘徊
So We'll Go No More A-Roving

我们将不再徘徊
  在那迟迟的深夜,
尽管心儿照样爱,
  月光也照样皎洁。
So we'll go no more a-roving
So late into the night,
Though the heart be still as loving,
And the moon be still as bright. 利剑把剑鞘磨穿,
  灵魂也磨损胸臆,
心儿太累,要稍喘,
  爱情也需要歇息。
For the sword outwears its sheath,
And the soul wears out the breast,
And the heart must pause to breathe,
And Love itself have rest. 黑夜原是为了爱,
  白昼转眼就回还,
但我们不再徘徊
  沐着那月光一片。
Though the night was made for loving,
And the day returns too soon,
Yet we'll go no more a-roving
By the light of the moon.
                          1817年
           杨德豫译   
      
     给奥古斯塔的诗 
                        一
 
        虽然我的多事之秋已经过去,
  我命运的星宿却逐渐暗淡,
  你的柔情的心却拒绝承认
  许多人已经看出的缺点;
  虽然你的心熟知我的悲哀,
  它却毫不畏缩和我分尝;
  呵,我的灵魂所描绘的爱情
  哪里去找?除非是在你心上。                     二  当我身边的自然在微笑,
  这是唯一和我应答的笑意,
  我并不认为它有什么诡
  因为那一笑时我想起了你;
  当狂风向着海洋冲激,搏战,
  一如我曾信任的心之于我,
  假如那波涛激起了我的感情,
  那就是,为什么它把你我分隔?                  三  虽然我的最后希望-那基石
  动摇了,纷纷碎落在浪潮里,
  虽然我感觉我的灵魂的归宿
  是痛苦,却绝不作它的奴隶。
  许多种痛苦在追逐着我,
  它们可以压碎我,我不会求情,
  可以折磨我,但却不能征服,
  我想着的是你,而不是那伤痛。                     四  你人情练达,却没有欺骗我,
  你是个女人,却不曾遗弃,
  尽管我爱你,你防止使我悲哀,
  尽管我受到诽谤,你却坚定不移;
  尽管被信赖,你没有斥退我,
  尽管分离了,并不是借此摆脱,
  尽管注意我,并不要说我坏话,
  也不是为使世人说慌,你才沉默。                     五  我并不责备或唾弃这个世界,
  也不怪罪世俗对一人的挞伐,
  若使我的心灵对它不能赞许,
  是愚蠢使我不曾早些避开它。
  如果这错误使我付出的代价
  比我一度预料的多了许多,
  我终于发现,无论有怎样的损失,
  它不能把你从我的心上剥夺。                    六  从我的过去的一片荒墟中,
  至少,至少有这些我能记忆,
  它告诉了我,我所最爱的
  终于是最值得我的珍惜;
  在沙漠中,一道泉水涌出来,
  在广大的荒原中,一棵树矗立,
  还有一只鸟儿在幽寂中鸣啭,
  它在对我的心灵诉说着你。
                                              1816.7.24
                                                   查良铮 译  
        
              咏锡雍
不可征服的灵魂的永恒精神!
 自由!在这地牢里,你辉煌夺目!
 因为你栖息在志士的心灵深处--
那心灵只听命于你,只对你忠贞。
你的儿子们被枷锁无情拘禁,
 送入这不见天日的阴湿牢底;
 他们的牺牲使祖国迎来了胜利,
使自由的容名乘风向四方驰骋。
锡雍!你这座牢笼是一片圣地,
 你这片阴郁的地面是一座圣坛--
因为庞瓦尼印下了深深的足迹,
 仿佛这冰冷的石地似草泥柔软;
千万不要磨灭掉这样的印记--
 它们向上帝控告暴君的凶残!
Eternal Spirit of the chainless Mind!
     Brightest in dungeons, Liberty! thou art,
     For there thy habitation is the heart-
The heart which love of thee alone can bind;
And when thy sons to fetters are consign'd-
     To fetters, and the damp vault's dayless gloom,
     Their country conquers with their martyrdom,
And freedom's fame finds wings on every wind.
Chillon! thy prison is a holy place,
     And thy sad floor an altar-for t'was trod,
Until his very steps have left a trace
     Worn, as if thy cold pavement were a sod,
By Bonnivard! May none those marks efface!
     For they appeal from tyranny to God.                                                   杨德豫译             书寄奥古斯达
       Epistle to Augusta
 
我的姐姐!我亲密的姐姐!假如有
比这更亲更纯的名称,它该说给你:
千山万水隔开了我们,但我要求
不是你的泪,而是回答我的情谊。
无论我漂泊何方,你在我的心头
永远是一团珍爱的情愫,一团痛惜。
呵,我这余生还有两件事情留给我--
或漂游世界,或与你共享家庭之乐。
My sister! my sweet sister! if a name
Dearer and purer were, it should be thine;
Mountains and seas divide us, but I claim
No tears, but tenderness to answer mine:
Go where I will, to me thou art the same -
A loved regret which I would not resign.
There yet are two things in my destiny, -
A world to roam through, and a home with thee. 如果我有了后者,前者就不值一提,
你会成为我的幸福之避难的港湾;
但是,还有许多别的关系系住你,
我不原意你因为我而和一切疏淡。
是乖戾的命运笼罩着你的兄弟--
不堪回首,因为它已经无可转圜;
我的遭逢正好和我们祖父的相反:
他是在海上,我却在陆上没一刻安然。
The first were nothing -had I still the last,
It were the haven of my happiness;
But other claims and other ties thou hast,
And mine is not the wish to make them less.
A strange doom is thy father's sons's, and past
Recalling, as it lies beyond redress;
Reversed for him our grandsire's fate of yore, -
He had no rest at sea, nor I on shore.如果可以说,他的风暴是被我承当
在另一种自然里,在我所曾经忽略
或者从未料到的危险的岩石上,
我却忍受了人世给我的一份幻灭,
那是由于我的过失,我并不想掩藏,
用一种似是而非的托辞聊以自解;
我已经够巧妙地使自己跌下悬崖,
我为我特有的悲伤作了小心的领航员。
If my inheritance of storms hath been
In other elements, and on the rocks
Of perils, overlooked or unforeseen,
I have sustained my share of worldly shocks,
The fault was mine; nor do I seek to screen
My errors with defensive paradox;
I have been cunning in mine overthrow,
The careful pilot of my proper woe. 既然错处是我的,我该承受它的酬报。
我的一生就是一场斗争,因为我
自从有了生命的那一天,就有了
伤害它的命运或意志,永远和它违拗;
而我有时候感于这种冲突的苦恼,
也曾经想要摇落这肉体的枷锁:
但如今,我却宁愿多活一个时候,
哪怕只为了看看还有什么祸事临头。
Mine were my faults, and mine be their reward,
My whole life was a contest, since the day
That gave me being, gave me that which marred
The gift, -a fate, or will, that walked astray;
And I at times have found the struggle hard,
And thought of shaking off my bonds of clay:
But now I fain would for a time survive,
If but to see what next can well arrive. 在我渺小的日子里,我也曾阅历
帝国的兴亡,但是我并没有衰老;
当我把自己的忧患和那一切相比,
它虽曾奔腾象海湾中狂暴的浪涛,
却成了小小水化的泼溅,随时平息:
的确,有一些什么--连我也不明了--
在支持这不知忍耐的灵魂;我们并不
白白地(即使仅仅为它自己)贩来痛苦。
Kingdoms and empires in my little day
I have outlived, and yet I am not old;
And when I look on this, the petty spray
Of my own years of trouble, which have rolled
Like a wild bay of breakers, melts away:
Something -I know not what -does still uphold
A spirit of slight patience; -not in vain,
Even for its own sake, do we purchase pain. 也许是反抗的精神在我的心中,
造成的结果--也许是冷酷的绝望
由于灾难的经常出现而逐渐滋生,--
也许是清新的空气,更温煦的地方
(因为有人以此解释心情的变动,
我们也无妨把薄薄的甲胄穿上),
不知是什么给了我奇怪的宁静,
它不是安祥的命运所伴有的那一种。
Perhaps the workings of defiance stir
Within me, -or perhaps of cold despair,
Brought on when ills habitually recur, -
Perhaps a kinder clime, or purer air,
(For even to this may change of soul refer,
And with light armour we may learn to bear,)
Have taught me a strange quiet, which was not
The chief companion of a calmer lot. 有时候,我几乎感到在快乐的童年
我所曾感到的:小溪、树木和花草
和往昔一样扑到我的眼底,使我忆念
我所居住的地方,在我青春的头脑
还没有牺牲给书本以前。我的心间
会为这我曾经熟识的自然的面貌
而温馨;甚至有时候,我以为我看见
值得爱的生命--但有谁能象你那般?
I feel almost at times as I have felt
In happy childhood; trees, and flowers, and brooks,
Which do remember me of where I dwelt,
Ere my young mind was sacrificed to books,
Come as of yore upon me, and can melt
My heart with recognition of their looks;
And even at moments I could think I see
Some living thing to love -but none like thee. 阿尔卑斯在我面前展开,这片景象
是冥想的丰富的源泉;---对它赞叹,
不过是烦琐的一天中应景的文章;
细加观赏却能引起更珍贵的灵感。
在这里,孤独并不就令人觉得凄凉,
因为有许多心愿的事物我都能看见;
而且,最重要的是,我能望着一片湖
比我们家乡的更秀丽,虽然比较生疏。
Here are the Alpine landscapes which create
A fund for contemplation; -to admire
Is a brief feeling of a trivial date;
But something worthier do such scenes inspire.
Here to be lonely is not desolate,
For much I view which I could most desire,
And, above all, a lake I can behold
Lovelier, not dearer, than our own of old. 哦,要是能和你在一起,那多幸福!
但我别为这痴望所愚弄吧,我忘记
我在这里曾经如此夸耀的孤独,
就会因为这仅有的埋怨而泄了气;
也许还有别的怨言,我更不想透露--
我不是爱发牢骚的人,不想谈自己;
但尽管如此,我的哲学还是讲下去了,
我感到在我的眼睛里涌起了热潮。
Oh that thou wert but with me! -but I grow
The fool of my own wishes, and forget
The solitude which I have vaunted so
Has lost its praise is this but one regret;
There may be others which I less may show, -
I am not of the plaintive mood, and yet
I feel an ebb in my philosophy,
And the tide rising in my altered eye. 我在向你提起我们家乡可爱的湖水,
呵,湖旁的那老宅也许不再是我的。
莱芒湖固然美丽,但不要因此认为
我对更亲密的故土不再向往和追忆:
除非是时光把我的记忆整个儿摧毁,
否则,它和它都不会从我的眼里褪去;
虽然,你们会和一切我所爱的事物一样,
不是要我永远断念,就是隔离在远方。
I did remind thee of our own dear Lake,
By the old Hall which may be mine no more.
Leman's is fair; but think not I forsake
The sweet remembrance of a dearer shore;
Sad havoc Time must with my memory make,
Ere that or thou can fade these eyes before;
Though, like all things which I have loved, they are
Resigned for ever, or divided far. 整个世界在我面前展开;我向自然
只要求她同意给予我享受的东西---
那就是在夏日的阳光下躺在湖边,
让我和她的蓝天的寂静融和在一起,
让我看到她没訛枣幕的温和的脸,
热烈地注视她,永远不感到厌腻。
她曾是我早年的友好,现在应该是
我的姐姐--如果我不曾又向你注视。
The world is all before me; I but ask
Of Nature that with which she will comply -
It is but in her summer's sun to bask,
To mingle with the quiet of her sky,
To see her gentle face without a mask
And never gaze on it with apathy.
She was my early friend, and now shall be
My sister -till I look again on thee. 呵,我能抹煞任何感情,除了这一个;
这一个我却不情愿,因为我终于面临
有如我生命开始时所踏进的景色:
它对我是最早的、也是唯一的途径。
如果我知道及早地从人群退缩,
我绝不会濒临象现在这样的处境;
那曾经撕裂我的心的激情原会安息,
我不至于被折磨,你也不至于哭泣。
I can reduce all feelings but this one;
And that I would not; -for at length I see
Such scenes as those wherein my life begun.
The earliest -even the only paths for me -
Had I but sooner learnt the crowd to shun,
I had been better than I now can be;
The passions which have torn me would have slept:
I had not suffered, and thou hadst not wept. 我和骗人的“野心”能有什么因缘?
我不认得,“爱情”,和“声誉”最没有关系;
可是它们不请自来,并和我纠缠,
使我得到名声--只能如此而已。
然而这并不是我所抱韵最后心愿;
事实上,我一度望到更高贵的目的。
但是一切都完了--我算是另外一个,
我以前的千百万人都这样迷惘地活过。
With false Ambition what had I to do?
Little with Love, and least of all with Fame!
And yet they came unsought, and with me grew,
And made me all which they can make -a name.
Yet this was not the end I did pursue;
Surely I once beheld a nobler aim.
But all is over -I am one the more
To baffled millions which have gone before. 而至于未来,这个世界的未来命运
不能引起我怎样的关切和注意;
我已超过我该有的寿命很多时辰,
我还活着,这样多的事情却已逝去。
我的岁月并没有睡眠,而是让精神
保持不断的警惕,因为我得到的
是一份足以充满一世纪的生命,
虽然,它的四分之一还投有被我走尽。
And for the future, this world's future may
From me demand but little of my care;
I have outlived myself by many a day:
Having survived so many things that were;
My years have been no slumber, but the prey
Of ceaseless vigils; for I had the share
Of life which might have filled a century,
Before its fourth in time had passed me by. 至于那可能来到的、此后的余生
我将满意地接待;对于过去,我也不
毫无感谢之情--因为在无尽挣扎中,
除痛苦外,快乐也有时偷偷袭入;
至于现在,我却不愿意使我的感情
再逐日麻痹下去。尽管形似冷酷,
我不愿隐瞒我仍旧能四方观看,
并且怀着一种深挚的情思崇拜自然。
And for the remnant which may be to come,
I am content; and for the past I feel
Not thankless, -for within the crowded sum
Of struggles, happiness at times would steal,
And for the present, I would not benumb
My feelings farther. -Nor shall I conceal
That with all this I still can look around,
And worship Nature with a thought profound. 至于你,我亲爱的姐姐呵,在你心上
我知道有我,一如你占据我的心灵;
无论过去和现在,我们--我和你一样--
一直是两个彼此不能疏远的生命;
无论一起或者分离,都不会变心肠。
从生命的开始直到它逐渐的凋零,
我们相互交缠一-任死亡或早、或晚,
这最早的情谊将把我们系到最后一天!
For thee, my own sweet sister, in thy heart
I know myself secure, as thou in mine;
We were and are -I am, even as thou art -
Beings who ne'er each other can resign;
It is the same, together or apart,
From life's commencement to its slow decline
We are entwined -let death come slow or fast,
The tie which bound the first endures the last!                                                       一八一六年
                                             查良铮译   
三十六岁生日
On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year
 这颗心不再激动别个,
也不该为别个激动起来;
但是,尽管没有人爱我,
我还是要爱!
'Tis time this heart should be unmoved,
Since others it hath ceased to move:
Yet, though I cannot be beloved,
Still let me love! 我的岁月似黄叶凋残,
爱情的香花甜果已落尽;
只有蛀虫、病毒和忧患
是我的命运!
My days are in the yellow leaf;
The flowers and fruits of love are gone;
The worm, the canker, and the grief,
Are mine alone! 烈焰在我的心胸烧灼,
犹如火山岛,孤寂,荒废;
在这儿点燃的并不是炬火--
而是火葬堆!
The fire that on my bosom preys
Is lone as some volcanic isle;
No torch is kindled at its blaze-
A funeral pile! 希望,忧虑,嫉妒的烦恼,
爱情的威力和痛苦里面
可贵的部分,我都得不到,
只得到锁链!
The hope, the fear, the jealous care,
The exalted portion of the pain
And power of love, I cannot share,
But wear the chain. 荣光照耀着英雄的灵榇,
花环缠绕在勇士的额旁--
在此时此地,怎容许心魂
被情思摇荡!
But 'tis not thus-and 'tis not here-
Such thoughts should shake my soul, nor now,
Where glory decks the hero's bier,
Or binds his brow. 看吧,刀剑、旌旗和战场,
希腊和荣誉,就在我四周!
斯巴达男儿,卧在盾牌上,
怎及我自由!
The sword, the banner, and the field,
Glory and Greece, around me see!
The Spartan, borne upon his shield,
Was not more free. 醒来吧,我的心!希腊已醒来!
醒来吧,我的心!去深思细察
你生命之血的来龙去脉,
把敌人狠打!
Awake! (not Greece-she is awake!)
Awake, my spirit! Think through whom
Thy life-blood tracks its parent lake,
And then strike home! 赶快踏灭那重燃的情焰,
男子的习性不值分毫!
如今你再也不应眷恋
美人的颦笑。
Tread those reviving passions down,
Unworthy manhood!-unto thee
Indifferent should the smile or frown
Of beauty be. 你悔恨等闲把青春度过,
那么,何必还苟活图存?
快奔赴战场--光荣的死所,
在那里献身!
If thou regret'st thy youth, why live?
The land of honourable death
Is here:-up to the field, and give
Away thy breath! 去寻求(不寻求也常会碰上)
战士的坟墓,于你最相宜;
环顾四旁,选一方土壤,
去静静安息。
Seek out-less often sought than found-
A soldier's grave, for thee the best;
Then look around, and choose thy ground,
And take thy rest.
                                            1842年1月22日
                                                        杨德豫译 
     去国行 
别了,别了!故国的海岸
 消失在海水尽头;
汹涛狂啸,晚风悲叹,
 海鸥也惊叫不休。
海上的红日冉冉西斜,
 我的船乘风直追,
向太阳、向你暂时告别,
 我的故乡呵,再会!不几时,太阳又会出来,
 又开始新的一天,
我又会招呼蓝天、碧海,
 却难觅我的家园。
华美的第宅已荒无人影,
 炉灶里火灭烟消,
墙垣上野草密密丛生,
 爱犬在门边哀叫。“过来,过来,我的小书童!
 你怎么伤心痛哭?
你是怕大海浪涛汹涌,
 还是怕狂风震怒?
别哭了,快把眼泪擦干;
 这条船又快又牢靠:
咱们家最快的猎鹰也难
 飞得像这般轻巧。”“风只管吼叫,浪只管打来,
 我不怕惊风险浪,
可是,公子呵,您不必奇怪
 我为何这样悲伤。
只因我这次拜别了老父,
 又和我慈母分离,
离开了他们,我无亲无故,
 只有您--还有上帝。“父亲祝福我平安吉利,
 没怎么怨天尤人;
母亲少不了唉声叹气,
 巴望我回转家门。”
“得了,得了,我的小伙子!
 难怪你哭个没完;
若像你那样天真幼稚,
 我也会热泪不干。“过来,过来,我的好伴当!
 你怎么苍白失色?
你是怕法国敌寇凶狂,①
 还是怕暴风凶恶?”
“公子,您当我贪生怕死?
 我不是那种脓包,
是因为挂念家中的妻子,
 才这样苍白枯槁。“就在那湖边,离府上不远,
 住着我妻儿一家,
孩子要他爹,声声哭喊,
 叫我妻怎生回话?”
“得了,得了,我的好伙伴!
 谁不知你的悲伤,
我的心性却轻浮冷淡,
 一笑就去国离乡。”谁会相信妻子或情妇
 虚情假意的伤感?
两眼方才还滂沱如注,
 又嫣然笑对新欢。
我不为眼前的危难而忧伤,
 也不为旧情悲悼;
伤心的倒是:世上没一样
 值得我珠泪轻抛。如今我一身孤孤单单,
 在茫茫大海飘流;
没有任何人为我嗟叹,
 我何必为别人忧愁?
我走后哀吠不休的爱犬
 又有了新的主子;
过不了多久,我若敢近前,
 会把我咬个半死。船儿呵,全靠你,疾驶如飞,
 横跨那滔滔海浪;
任凭你送我到天南地北,
 只莫回我的故乡。
我向你欢呼,苍茫的碧海!
 当陆地来到眼前,
我就欢呼那石窟、荒埃!
 我的故乡呵,再见!
                                        杨德豫译      给伊涅兹  请不必向我微笑,不必!
 我眉头紧皱,再没有笑容;
愿上帝保佑你永不哭泣--
 哭泣只怕也毫无效用。你问我:是什么隐秘的悲辛
 蛀蚀了我的青春和欢乐?
又何必枉费心思来探询
 你根本无力解救的灾厄?不是由于爱,不是由于恨,
 也不是壮志成虚的懊恼,
使得我憎恶当今的处境,
 把夙昔珍爱的一旦全抛;是由于一种深沉的倦怠--
 来自所遇、所见和所闻;
红颜再不能使我欢快,
 你的明眸也不能吸引。正如传说中流浪的犹太人
 被命运无尽无休地磨折;
即不愿探视墓穴和杳冥,
 在世又永无宁息的时刻。哪一种流放能逃脱自己?
  纵然我远走异域遐方,
“思想”这恶魔--人生的瘟疫,
  始终跟着我,纠缠不放。世人正纷纷作乐寻欢,
  把我所抛却的一一细品;
我惟愿他们美梦沉酣,
  永远莫像我瞿然惊醒!带着种种可憎的记忆,
  我还要奔走千里迢迢;
我欣幸:我已经无所畏避,
  最苦的苦味也已经谙晓。究竟什么是最苦的苦味?
  别问了,行行好,别追问下去;
微笑吧--别揭开人心的帘帷,
  别去看心底阴森的地狱。
                                     杨德豫译          哀希腊
希腊群岛呵,希腊群岛!
 你有过萨福歌唱爱情,
你有过隆盛的武功文教,
 太阳神从你的提洛岛诞生!
长夏的阳光还灿烂如金--
除了太阳,一切都沉沦!
        The Isles of Greece, the Isles of Greece !
        Where burning Sappho loved and sung,
       Where grew the arts of War and Peace,
       Where Delos rose, and Phœbus sprung !
       Eternal summer gilds them yet,
        But all, except their Sun, is set. 开俄斯歌手,忒俄斯诗人,
 英雄的竖琴,恋人的琵琵,
在你的境内没没无闻,
 诗人在故土悄然喑哑--
他们在西方却名声远扬,
远过你祖先的乐岛仙乡。
  The Scian and Teian muse,
  The Hero's harp, the Lover's lute,
  Have found the fame your shores refuse:
  Their place of birth alone is mute
  To sounds which echo further west
  Than your Sires' "Islands of the Blest." 巍巍群山望着马拉松,
 马拉松望着海波万里;
我沉思半晌,在我的梦幻中
 希腊还像是自由的土地;
脚下踩的是波斯人坟墓,
我怎能相信我是个亡国奴!
  The mountains look on Marathon ---
  And Marathon looks on the sea;
  And musing there an hour alone,
  I dreamed that Greece might still be free;
  For standing on the Persians' grave,
  I could not deem myself a slave. 有一位国王高坐在山顶,
 萨拉米海岛展现在脚下;
成千的战舰,各国的兵丁,
 在下面排开--全归他统辖!
天亮时,他还数去数来--
太阳落水时,他们安在?
  A King sate on the rocky brow
  Which looks o'er sea-born Salamis;
  And ships, by thousands, lay below,
  And men in nations; --- all were his !
  He counted them at break of day ---
  And, when the Sun set, where were they? 他们安在?祖国啊,你安在?
 在你万籁齐喑的国境,
英雄的歌曲唱不出声来--
 英雄的心胸再不会跳动!
你的琴向来不同凡响,
竟落到我这凡夫的手上?
  And where are they? And where art thou,
  My country? On thy voiceless shore
  The heroic lay is tuneless now ---
  The heroic bosom beats no more !
  And must thy Lyre, so long divine,
  Degenerate into hands like mine? 置身于披枷带锁的民族,
 没甚么荣誉,也自有想头:
至少,能痛感邦家的屈辱,
 歌唱的时候,我满面含羞;
诗人在这里有甚么作用?
为祖国落泪,为同胞脸红!
  'T is something, in the dearth of Fame,
  Though linked among a fettered race,
  To feel at least a patriot's shame,
  Even as I sing, suffuse my face;
  For what is left the poet here?
  For Greeks a blush --- for Greece a tear.
               
缅怀往昔,只流泪?只羞惭?
 我们的祖先却热血喷流!
大地呵!从你怀抱里送还
 斯巴达英雄好汉的零头!
三进名勇士给三个就够,
重演一次温泉关战斗!
  Must we but weep o'er days more blest?
  Must we but blush? --- Our fathers bled.
  Earth ! render back from out thy breast
  A remnant of our Spartan dead !
  Of the three hundred grant but three,
  To make a new Thermopylæ ! 怎么,静悄悄的?声息毫无?--
 听见了!是死者回答的声音:
“有一个活人挺身而出,
 我们就都来,都来效命!”
这声音像远方瀑布喧响,
可是活人呢,却不开腔。
  What, silent still? and silent all?
  Ah ! no; --- the voices of the dead
  Sound like a distant torrent's fall,
  And answer, "Let one living head,
  But one arise, --- we come, we come ! "
  'T is but the living who are dumb. 换换调子吧,说这些白搭;
 满满倒一盏萨摩斯美酒!
打仗让土耳其番子去打!
 干杯吧,开俄斯红酒快流!
你听!酒徒们够多么勇敢,
轰然呼应这可耻的召唤!
  In vain -- in vain: strike other chords;
  Fill high the cup with Samian wine !
  Leave battles to the Turkish hordes,
  And shed the blood of Scio's vine !
  Hark ! rising to the ignoble call ---
  How answers each bold Bacchanal ! 皮瑞克舞步你们还会跳,
 皮瑞克方阵怎忘个精光?
两项课业中,为甚么丢掉?
 那更为崇高英武的一项?
老卡德摩斯教你们字母,
难道是为了教育亡国奴?
  You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet,
  Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?
  Of two such lessons, why forget
  The noblier and manlier one?
  You have the letters Cadmus gave ---
  Think ye he meant them for a slave? 满满倒一杯萨摩斯美酒!
 最好别再想这些问题!
阿那克里翁的妙曲清讴
 也曾借助于醇酒的神力;
他诗奉波吕克拉提--暴君;
那时候主子总还是本国人。
  Fill high the bowl with Samian wine !
  We will not think of themes like these !
  It made Anacreon's song divine:
  He served --- but served Polycrates ---
  A Tyrant; but our masters then
  Were still, at least, our countrymen. 刻松的暴君--米太亚得,
 他捍卫自由,何等勇武;
但愿我们在此时时刻
 有一个这样刚强的雄主!
靠他手里的锒铛铁锁,
把我们捆扎得牢不可破。
    The Tyrant of the Chersonese
  Was Freedom's best and bravest friend;
  That tyrant was Miltiades !
  Oh ! that the present hour would lend
  Another despot of the kind !
  Such chains as his were sure to bind. 满满倒一杯萨摩斯美酒!
 苏里的山岩,巴加的海岸,
有一脉遗族兀自存留,
 倒还像斯巴达母亲的儿男;
种子播下了,赫丘利世系
会承认他们是自己的后裔。
  Fill high the bowl with Samian wine !
  On Suli's rock, and Parga's shore,
  Exists the remnant of a line
  Such as the Doric mothers bore;
  And there, perhaps, such seed is sown,
  The Heracleidan blood might own. 争取自由别指靠西方---
 他们的国王精于做买卖;
靠本国队伍,靠本国刀枪,
 才是你们的希望所在。
土耳其武力,拉丁人欺骗,
都能把你我们盾牌砸烂。
  Trust not for freedom to the Franks ---
  They have a king who buys and sells;
  In native swords, and native ranks,
  The only hope of courage dwells;
  But Turkish force, and Latin fraud,
  Would break your shield, however broad. 满满倒一档杯萨摩斯美酒!
 树荫下,少女们起舞翩翩--
一对对乌黑闪亮的明眸,
 一张张红润鲜艳的笑脸;
想起来热泪就滔滔涌出,
她们的乳房都得喂亡国奴!
  Fill high the bowl with Samian wine !
  Our virgins dance beneath the shade ---
  I see their glorious black eyes shine;
  But gazing on each glowing maid,
  My own the burning tear-drop laves,
  To think such breasts must suckle slaves. 让我登上苏尼翁石崖,
 那里只剩下我和海浪,
只听见我们互相应答;
 让我像天鹅,在死前高唱:
亡国奴的乡土不是我邦家--
把萨摩斯酒盏摔碎在脚下!
  Place me on Sunium's marbled steep,
  Where nothing, save the waves and I,
  May hear our mutual murmurs sweep;
  There, swan-like, let me sing and die;
  A land of slaves shall ne'er be mine ---
  Dash down yon cup of Samian wine !                                                    杨德豫译