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期待新拆迁条例尽早出台
2010-09-20 01:55:48 来源：长江商报 【大中小】评论

现在网消息 ◇ 本报评论员 银玉芝
日前，国务院法制办在京召开备受关注的《国有土地上房屋征收与拆迁补偿条例》草案(下称《征收与拆迁补偿条例》)专家研讨座谈会。专家就公共利益如何界定等6大问题进行了深入探讨。
这次座谈会备受关注之处在于，《征收与拆迁补偿条例》公开征求意见已有半年，但迄今没有任何颁布、施行的迹象；而这半年来，拆迁导致的极端事件时有发生，如最近发生在江西的宜黄拆迁自焚事件，再次搅动公众神经。江西这起事件之后，处理有别于以往的方式：当地一把手已被立案调查。从这样的从重从快处理中，不难窥见相关部门也痛切地感受到侵害公民权益的拆迁事件的严重程度。也正是因此，相关部门近来再次重申，地方政府不能直接插手拆迁，补偿标准必须按照市场价。
类似的三令五申早已不是第一次，当然重申政策和严肃处理极端拆迁事件责任人，至少可以短期纾解民意。但这并不能从根本上解除公众对《征收与拆迁补偿条例》动作迟缓的质疑。一定程度上讲，这半年来不时发生的极端拆迁事件，到有关拆迁的密集紧急通知和文件，似乎正印证了消息人士所说的“拆迁条例”短期内难以实现的消息。从更多的报道和分析中，我们看到，新“拆迁条例”变迟缓，主要原因是受到来自地方政府的阻力，这和公众的感觉事实上不谋而合。
去年唐福珍自焚事件之后，在著名学者和国务院部门的推动下，现行的拆迁条例和拆迁制度被推上了民意审判台，公众寄希望于快速终结现行拆迁制度的愿望异常强烈，新“拆迁条例”似乎近在咫尺。但是稍微回溯起来，拆迁条例及其背后的一整套拆迁制度的不公，2001年左右就已经被各界深刻认识。而之后的2003年和2007年，两度试图进行修订或废止，但最终都没能实现。显然，公众对现行拆迁制度背后几乎已经固化的利益结构估计不足。新“拆迁条例”的迫切性不言而喻，但是修法绝不是靠应该或者必须就能实现的，利益博弈的结果决定新“拆迁条例”能否实现、如何实现。
造成公民在拆迁问题上处于弱势的因素，并非仅限于拆迁制度和土地相关的法规。对私人产权的权属规范等也是重要原因。只是以前，土地收益很少被货币化，更未出现过大规模的交易，因此这种不公平被隐藏起来不易显现。但事实上，土地从古至今都是重要的生产资料，能否实现对土地收益的合理、公平分配，往往决定一个社会是否稳定有序。于此，新“拆迁条例”实施的重要性，才不仅仅在于利益的合理分配，社会秩序的稳定有序，背后蕴含着深刻的政治意义。
事实上，修法对于利益的再分配并非根本性的，是分配要变得更加规范而已——《征收与拆迁补偿条例》的细则上是有妥协的，从这次座谈会传递出来的信息也说明了这一点。当然，进步总比原地待步强。良性的变革，并不求快，如果长期停滞则意味着倒退，累积的危害也会更大。
Experts urge passage of new demolition rule
By Wang Jingqiong (China Daily)http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-09/20/content_11325598.htm
Updated: 2010-09-20 07:17
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Draft restricts when razing may take place
BEIJING - Experts are calling for the quick passage of a new draft land requisition regulation, after more bloodshed occurred during recent home demolitions.
About eight months after a draft amendment to the existing Regulation on Demolishing Urban Housing was published to seek public input in January, legal experts said legislators should be more attentive to the public's requirements and answer doubts over the new draft regulation having been "strangled in the cradle".
"The new draft regulation is meant to expand the protection of the property owner's rights. The public's and the media's constant attention to the subject shows how much people care about it," said Wang Xixin, a law professor at Peking University.
"We hope the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council will be responsive to the public, instead of putting an end to the new draft regulation without any explanation."
Five Peking University law professors, including Wang, suggested the revision last year, after the death of Sichuan native Tang Fuzhen, who set herself on fire to protest the demolition of her house.
Some officials from the State Council Legislative Affairs Office hinted early this year the new regulation might be adopted in June, but no official information about the regulation has been announced since the draft regulation was made public.
Experts said the delay is due to resistance from local governments, which routinely sell land to make money.
According to experts, houses can only be demolished to serve the "public interest". Residents must be paid full compensation before they move out. Relocations can take place if and when at least 90 percent of residents agree with the compensation proposal.
The existing regulation has no such requirements. Local governments today have the authority to force relocations before compensating the owners.
"We understand local governments' opposition, as it places more stringent conditions on housing demolitions," said Jiang Ming'an, another law professor at Peking University.
"But the rights and interests of the people are the most important and we hope the State Council Legislative Affairs Office can be both prudent and efficient in implementing the new regulation."
Other experts suggested that in addition to revising the existing regulation on the demolition of urban housing, legislation on confiscating rural land should also be initiated.
"Rural land, which belongs to farmers collectively in China, should be protected more strictly," said Ma Huaide, a law professor at China University of Political Science and Law.
"Given that useable urban land is diminishing, and demolitions are happening more and more in rural areas, legislators should start to standardize the procedures of rural land requisition."