史上十大最伟大君王

来源Top 10 Greatest Monarchs
译者持之以恒

Throughout history, there have been good leaders and bad leaders. There have been dictators, and there have been benevolent kings. This list is about the greatest, most benevolent monarchs in history – those rulers who made life better for their people.

在整个历史长河中，出现了形形色色、好坏不一的领导人。有残暴的独裁者，也有仁慈的君王。这则名单是关于历史上的那些最伟大、最仁慈，让他们的人民生活得更加美好的君王的。

10Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire

第十名 苏里曼一世（奥斯曼帝国）

Reign: November 6, 1494 – September 7, 1566

在位期间：1494年11月6日至1566年9月7日

Suleiman I, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent, reigned as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for 69 years, longer than any other Sultan. His reign marked the beginning of the golden age of the Ottoman Empire. During his rule, the Ottoman Empire encompassed most of the Middle East, Southeastern Europe and Rhodes. Suleiman also made educational, legislative, taxation and criminal reforms.

苏里曼一世，又被称作苏里曼大帝，作为苏丹(伊斯兰国家的最高统治者。译者注)统治了奥斯曼帝国达69年之久，是在位期最久的苏丹。他的统治标志着奥斯曼帝国全盛时期的开始。在他的领导下，奥斯曼帝国几乎占领了整个地中海沿岸、东南欧和罗得岛。苏里曼一世同时推行了一系列教育、立法、税制和刑事方面的改革。

9James I of England

第九名 詹姆斯一世（英格兰）

Reign: March 24, 1603 – March 27, 1625

在位期间：1603年3月24日至1625年3月27日

James I, also known as “the wisest fool in Christendom”, was the fist king of both England and Scotland. Under his rule, the two kingdoms were united. Literature and the fine arts flourished under his reign, he himself writing many books and poems. During his rule, international trade through the British East India Company increased dramatically.

詹姆斯一世也被称为“欧洲最聪明的傻瓜”。他是第一个既当上英格兰国王又当上苏格兰国王的人。在他的统治下，这两国得到了统一。文学和美术在他的管理下发展得十分繁荣，他自己也著有许多书籍和诗歌。在他的统治时期，英国东印度公司的国际贸易量急剧增加。

8John III of Poland-Lithuania

第八名 约翰三世（波兰-立陶宛联邦）

Reign: 1674 – 1696

在位期间：1674年至1696年

John III, also known as the Lion of Lehistan, was a military and political genius. Under his rule, Poland-Lithuania became a stable, flourishing state. John became known as the Lion of Lehistan after his victory against the Turks in the Battle of Vienna.

约翰三世又被称作波兰之狮，是一位军事和政治方面的天才。在他的统治下，波兰立陶宛联邦成为了一个稳定繁荣的联邦。波兰之狮的称号是他在对土耳其人的维也纳之战胜利后获得的。

7Meiji of Japan

第七名 明治天皇（日本）

February 3, 1867 – July 30, 1912

在位期间：1867年2月3日至1912年7月30日

When Meiji became Emperor of Japan at the age of 14, Japan was a primitive and isolated country. By the end of his reign, Japan was an industrial powerhouse. Meiji was a key player in making Japan a major world superpower.

当明治天皇14岁那年继位的时候，日本还十分原始落后封闭。在他执政末期，日本已然成为了一个工业化发展蒸蒸日上的国家。明治天皇为日本变成一个超级大国起到了关键性的作用。

6Gustav II Adolf of Sweden

第六名 古斯塔夫二世·阿道夫（瑞典）

Reign: October 30, 1611 – November 6, 1632

在位期间：1611年10月30日至1632年11月6日

Gustav II Adolf, also known as Gustavus Adolphus, was the King of Sweden for 21 years. During his reign, Sweden became a major European power. Gustav II Adolf led his Protestant army against the Catholic armies of France and Spain. After his death in battle, Sweden became known as a military powerhouse.

古斯塔夫二世·阿道夫在他执政21年期间，使瑞典成为了欧洲强国。他率领他的新教徒部队与法国和西班牙的天主教部队对抗。在他战死之后，瑞典逐渐成为了军事强国。

5Augustus of Rome

第五名 奥古斯都凯撒（罗马）

Reign: January 16, 27 BC – August 19, AD 14

在位时间：公元前27年1月16日至公元14年8月19日

Augustus Caesar ruled as the Emperor of Rome for 41 years. During this time, Augustus improved the infrastructure and military of Rome. He also reformed the taxation process. His reign is known as Pax Romana, or Roman Peace, because during his reign diplomacy flourished.

奥古斯都凯撒统治了罗马41年之久。在他的领导下，罗马城的基础设施和军队得到了改善。他同时改革了税制。他的统治时期也被称作“罗马帝国统治下的和平时期”，亦称罗马式的和平，因为在他的统治下，外交手段得到充分应用。

4Cyrus II of Persia

第四名 居鲁士二世（波斯）

Reign: 559 BC – 530 BC

在位期间：公元前556

Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great, ruled Persia for 30 years. During his reign, the Persian Empire encompassed much of the Middle East, including Iran, Israel and Mesopotamia. Under Cyrus’s reign, human rights and military strategy were greatly improved.

居鲁士二世，也被称为居鲁士大帝，在他30年的统治期间，波斯帝国几乎控制了整个地中海沿岸，包括伊朗、以色列和美索不达米亚地区。在他的领导下，人权和军事战略得到了极大提倡和发展。

3Frederick II of Prussia

第三名 弗雷德里克二世（普鲁士）

Reign: May 31, 1740 – August 17, 1786

在位期间：1740年5月31日至1786年8月17日

Frederick II, also known as Frederick the Great, ruled Prussia for 46 years. During his reign, the borders of Prussia expanded to encompass West Prussia and Silesia. Under his reign, the infrastructure, military and bureaucratic process of Prussia was greatly improved.

弗雷德里克二世，也被成为弗雷德里克大帝。在他46年的领导下，普鲁士的边疆不断扩大，包围了西普鲁士和西里西亚。同时，普鲁士的基础设施建设，军事力量和政治机构得到了极大的改善提升。

2Victoria of the United Kingdom

第二名 维多利亚女王（英国）

Reign: June 20, 1837 – January 22, 1901

在位期间：1837年6月20日至1901年1月22日

Queen Victoria was ruler of the United Kingdom for 67 years, longer than any other British monarch. During her reign, the British Empire expanded to encompass one quarter of the land on the Earth, making it the largest empire ever. The United Kingdom flourished under her reign, with the Industrial Revolution taking place. Victoria lent her name to the Victorian Era, a time when the United Kingdom’s power was at its zenith.

维多利亚女王统治了英国长达67年之久，比其他任何一位英国君王在位时间都要长。在她的领导下，大英帝国控制了地球上四分之一的面积，成为了有史以来最大的帝国；同时自工业革命之后，英国上下繁荣发展。在以其名命名的维多利亚时代，日不落帝国的力量发展到了顶峰。

1Louis XIV of France

第一名 路易十四（法国）

Reign: May 14, 1643 – September 1, 1715

在位期间：1643年5月14日至1715年9月1日

Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, reigned as King of France for 72 years, longer than any other European monarch. Under his reign, France became the most powerful country in Europe. Louis ended feudalism in France and modernized the country. During his rule, the military and fine arts flourished. Louis believed strongly in the divine right of kings, saying that he was the sun and that his courtiers and France should revolve around him like planets.

路易十四亦被称为太阳王，统治了法兰西帝国72年之久，比任何一位欧洲君王都要久。在他的领导下，法国成为了欧洲最强大的国家。他结束了封建制度在法国的控制，并让国家向现代化的方向发展。在其在位期间，军事和美术繁荣发展。路易对于君权神授一说深信不疑，并自称太阳王，同时还认为他的朝臣和国家都应该像行星一样围绕他旋转。