多伦多大学中国史考试题目你会做几道

多伦多大学（University of Toronto）中国史考试题目，你会做几道？

1.Andrew Nathan, in his discussion of Liang Qichao’s political ideas, suggest that Liang’s liberalism was based on a misreading of western liberal thought, based on Liang’s own Confucian assumptions. What Confucian assumptions were involved? How did they alter classical liberal thought? Why, ultimately, did Liang become disillusioned with western models of government?

在关于梁启超的政治观点的讨论中，安德鲁·内森认为梁的自由主义思想是建立在对西方自由主义思想误读的基础之上的，是建立在他自己儒家思想基础上的。那么涉及了什么样的儒家思想呢？他们如何改变传统的自由主义思想？为什么梁最后醒悟了西方的政体模式（政府组成模式）？

2.Bianco in his discussion of the Chinese Communist Party‘s (CCP) rise to power, asks the question, what role was played by Marxism in the CCP‘s victory. He suggests that Mao and his party developed a distinct "Asian Marxism." What were the main features of that variant of Marxism? How did it contribute to the CCP‘s success?

Bianco关于中国共产党上升为执政党的讨论中提问，在共产党的胜利中马克思主义到底扮演了什么样的角色。Bianco提出毛泽东和他的政党发展了独具特色的亚洲马克思主义。那么这个独特的马克思主义的主要特点是什么？它是如何执导共产党取得胜利的？

3.what issues or problems in rural Chinese society in the early decades of the 20th century were the basis for peasant rebellion? What were Mao‘s views, as exemplified in "An investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan"(1927)?

20世纪早期，在中国农村发生农民暴动的根本性原因（问题或事件）是什么？毛泽东的观点是什么，比如说在《湖南农民运动调查（1927年）》中？

5.Compare Imperial Confucianism as discussed by Fairbank and Goldman, to the classical values and principles articulated by Confucius. What are the main differences? How were Confucians ideas utilized by the early Han dynasty rulers.

比较Fairbank和Goldman的帝王儒家学说，和孔子的传统的儒家思想，主要的不同点是什么？中国汉朝早期的统治者是如何利用儒家思想的？

6.Mao declared in his interview with Edgar Snow that he was drawn to Marxism by his reading of the Communist Manifesto. What aspects of the Manifesto would have appealed to Mao and the early members of the CCP? Which elements might have repelled him?

毛泽东在会见埃德加 斯诺（Edgar Snow）时说他通过阅读共产主义宣言已经融入到了马克思主义。那么宣言的哪些方面帮助和吸引了毛泽东和其他早期的共产党员？（宣言的）哪些原理又是毛泽东所不屑的（抵制的）？

7.In what ways did the mixed ideology of the Taiping Rebellion Of the mid-1850s contribute to its early successes and ultimate failure?

19世纪50年代中期，太平天国运动的混合意思在哪些方面促成了它早期的成功？在哪些方面又导致了它最终的失败？

8.Bianco suggests that the May4th movement represented the necessary first step towards a true social revolution. In what sense was the May 4th movement revolutionary? How did the May 4th movement pave the way for the later stages in the developement of a true revolution?

Bianco提出“五四运动”是促成真正社会革命必需的第一步。什么方面可以看出五四运动是革命性？“五四运动”又是如何为日后的社会革命做铺垫的？

9.Was Kang Yuwei a conservative ,and if so in what sense? Consider Mary Wright‘s discussion of 19th century conservation in China as well as Spence‘s description of Kang‘s ideas and programs in answering this quesation.

康有为是保守派吗，如果是，从哪里可以看出？回答时请考虑Mary Wright关于19世纪中国保守派论述，以及Spence关于康有为思想和纲领的描述