杯葛是什么意思 boycott

boycott

 v.tr.
 boy.cott.ed; boy.cott.ing; boy.cotts;
To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion.
 联合抵制联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段
See: blackball
To abstain from or unite with others in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with.
 抵制拒绝或与其他人联合拒绝使用、购买或经销
boycott
 n.
The act or an instance of boycotting.
 杯葛联合抵制的过程或事例After Charles C.  Boycott (1832-1897), English land agent in Ireland
源自查理斯·C 博伊考特（1832-1897年），爱尔兰的英国土地独家代理商boy揷ott攅r nCharles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word. Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland. The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland. Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform. Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters. Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants. At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in, and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated梬ithout servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery. Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment, not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.
查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中boycott
[5bCIkRt]
vt
联合抵制；经济抵制
They're boycotting the shop.
他们联合抵制那家商店。
拒绝出席；拒绝参加
to boycott a meeting
拒绝出席会议
They're boycotting the shop because the people who work there are on strike to boycott a meeting.
他们拒绝购买那家商店的货物,因为店里的工作人员为了联合抵制一个会议而罢工。ban blackball picket revolt strike boycott
[5bCikEt]
vt.
联合抵制
联合起来拒绝购买或绝交
boycott a nation
对某国实行抵制
boycott a commercial product
抵制某种商品
boycott sb.
一致不与某人往来boycott
[5bCikEt]
n.
联合抵制; 联合拒绝购买[使用、经售]
put sb. [goods] under a boycott
对某人[货物]实行联合抵制credit boycott
拒付贷款
primary boycott
直接抵制
school boycott
罢课

杯葛：英语BOYEATT的音译，集体抵制之意。

Boycott（杯葛），原是一个在爱尔兰做土地代理的英国人的名字，他老不肯把地租降到被佃户认为合理的水平，在佃户交不起地租的时候就将佃户驱逐，整个就是一收租院里的刘文彩。

爱尔兰土改领袖查尔斯·帕默尔通过道德流放将Boy c ot t 搞成精神失常，他说：“如果有人通过把别人赶走占有一块土地，那么无论你们在路上、在商店、在公园里、在市场上，哪怕是在做礼拜的地方遇到这个人，都不要理睬他，把他从道德上进行放逐———把他和家乡的其他人隔离，就像他是一个老麻疯，你们必须把你们对他所犯罪行的憎恶表现出来。”

后来，“杯葛”这个词成了抵制的意思。有杯葛麦当劳的，有杯葛GAP牛仔装的，也有杯葛耐克的，因为劳工政策或环保理念或别的什么。而每回世界杯预选赛失利后（包括这次世界杯大败），都有部分球迷声称要抵制中国足球，也就是说不去现场看甲 A也不在电视上看，这属于“消费者杯葛”。
参考资料：http://www.dayoo.com/gb/content/2002-07/31/content_555371.htm