美国90后面对的新风险[滥交、吸烟已经退居其次]

位于爱默生医院近来所做的一项调查显示传统的危险行为，诸如饮酒、抽烟现象进一步降低，但是新的风险，比如开车时发短信，网络暴力行为已经开始在中学生中流行。

According to the 2010 Emerson Hospital Youth Risk Behavior Survey results, nearly one-third of the high school students completing the questionnaire reported having driven a car while using a cellphone to talk or text at least once in the previous 30 days. Among those most likely to drive, 51.7 percent of 11th-graders and 73.1 percent of 12th-graders reported engaging in the practice.

按照2010年度的爱默生医院青少年危险行为调查结果显示，在完成调查问卷的中学生中几乎有三分之一的人承认自己在之前的30天里最少有过一次开车时打电话或发短信的经历。在那些最可能开车的学生中，11年级的（相当于国内的高二，译者注）学生中有51.7%，而12年级的学生中有73.1%经常发生这种事。

In response to another new question on the survey, 17.2 percent of high school students, 11.4 percent of sixth-graders, and 20 percent of eighth-graders reported having been threatened, humiliated, or the target of hostile behavior from others through electronic communication during the previous 12 months.

针对另一项调查，17.2%的中学生，其中11.4%的6年级以及20%的8年级学生称自己在之前的12个月里受到过来自网络的威胁，侮辱或者其它敌对的行为。

Dr. Jessica Rubinstein, a Harvard pediatrician and chief of pediatrics at Emerson Hospital, said she wasn’t surprised the numbers of students reporting cyber-bulling were so high. She said they reinforce the need for more prevention. “It’s right here in front of you that something needs to be done,’’ she said.

哈佛儿科医生、爱默生医院儿科主任Dr. Jessica Rubinstein说她对网络暴力如此泛滥一点都不感到惊讶。她说那些学生迫使我们要为此做更多的防范。“你需要马上拿出行动来了”，她说。

Rubinstein said it will be interesting to see whether the recent law banning all texting while driving and cellphone use among teen drivers will have an impact on the survey results in two years. The students answered this year’s survey questions before the ban took effect.

最近政府颁布了一项全面禁止开车时发短信以及打电话的禁令，Rubinstein称两年后再对照此项调查结果，看年轻人中有多少人会遵守这项禁令，会是件很有意思的事。今年的调查是在这禁令生效之前作出的。

“The important thing is to look at the trends after intervention,’’ Rubinstein said.

Rubinstein说：“干预之后观察成效是件很重要的事”。

State lawmakers have also taken on the bullying issue, ordering school districts to institute antibullying programs in response to two Massachusetts teens committing suicide after being abused by classmates.

在马萨诸塞州两名少年因受同学侮辱而自杀后，州立法者也已经着手处理暴力问题，他们要求学校制定反暴力措施以防止同类事件的发生。

The Emerson survey, conducted every two years for the last decade, was administered on a voluntary basis in March to more than 8,597 public school students in grades 6, 8, and 9 through 12 from Acton, Boxborough, Carlisle, Concord, Groton, Dunstable, Littleton, Maynard, and Westford.

爱默生调查自10年前开始，每两年一次，每次在三月份举行，调查的对象由来自Acton, Boxborough, Carlisle, Concord, Groton, Dunstable, Littleton, Maynard以及 Westford 9所公立学校的8000多名学生志愿组成，学生遍及6、8、9、10、11、12年级。

Grade 6 students were given 62 questions to answer, while eighth-graders had 89 questions, and high school students faced 111.

6年级学生有62道问题需要作答，8年级有89道，9年级以上的要回答111道问题。

The survey’s results are provided to health coordinators and school administrators to help them develop education goals and intervention strategies.

调查结果将提供给健康协调员和学校管理人员，以助于他们改进教育目标，制定引导策略。

“Working with Emerson enables us to create a living document whose results assist us in keeping abreast of the most recent risk behaviors our students deal with daily, from Internet safety to dating violence,’’ said Kathy Codianne, director of teaching and learning for the Concord and Concord-Carlisle Regional school systems. “Having this data allows us to assess how far we have come and where we need to go in providing prevention programming to students, their families, and our seven school districts.’’

“和爱默生调查合作，便于我们创建生动的教育文档，其结果有助于我们了解学生最近日常生活中所发生的各种危险行为，从互联网安全到约会强奸。”康科德及卡莱尔地区学校系统的教学负责人说到，“有了这些资料，我们就能评估在给学生、家长以及我们七个校区提供的防范措施中，我们做到了多少以及还要再做些什么。”

While the survey revealed that many students are engaging in new technology-based behavior such as texting and cyber-bullying, results also show that risky behavior in areas such as sexual activity, smoking, drinking, and gambling have gone down.

调查显示很多学生开始经常发生那些随着新技术而诞生的危险行为，比如开车发短信、网络暴力，而另一方面，传统上的性行为、吸烟、喝酒以及赌博等危险行为却在减少。

“It’s a sign of the times,’’ Rubinstein said.

“这是时代的标志”，Rubinstein说。

The percentage of eighth-graders who have tried smoking went down from 13 percent in 2008 to 11 percent this year, while the percentage of high school students went from 26 percent in 2008 to 22 percent.

尝试过吸烟的8年级的学生比率从2008年的13%下降到现今的11%，高中生该类群体比率从2008年的26%下降到22%。

The percentage of eighth-graders who have had an alcoholic drink went from 24 percent to 20 percent this year. For high school students, the percentage was 63 percent in 2008 and 57 percent this spring.

喝过酒的8年级的学生比率从24%降到20%。对于高中生，这个比率从2008年的63%降低到今年的57%。

Christine Schuster, Emerson Hospital’s president and chief executive officer, said statistics show that curriculums teaching healthy behaviors can promote positive change.

爱默生医院的董事长兼CEO克里斯廷·舒斯特尔称该统计表明健康行为课程能够给学生带来积极的改变。

“We believe that by gathering data directly from within our communities, we help to create the most effective educational programs and classroom instruction to give parents and children the best community-based prevention and intervention initiatives possible,’’ Schuster said.

她说：“我们相信通过直接在社区里面搜集数据，我们能够帮助建立一个最有效的教育计划和教室指导，给家长和孩子们带来基于社区的预防措施以及尽可能的主动引导。”

Donna Pobuk, the wellness coordinator at Westford Academy, the town’s public high school, said the district will pay special attention to the bullying and cyber-bullying results.

当地公立中学Westford专科学校的健康协调员Donna Pobuk表示这个地区将会对学校暴力及网络暴力的现状给予格外关注。

“As a district, we’ve been working on establishing a positive school climate, and it’s been highlighted because bullying has been in the public eye,’’ Pobuk said.

“我们一直致力于建立一种良好的校园氛围，然而我们这个地区现在广受关注了，因为暴力现象已经进入公众视线”，Pobuk称。

Reported bullying in school was up among sixth-graders from two years ago, 23 to 26 percent, but held steady among eighth-graders and high school students.

6年级学生的暴力事件从两年前的23%上升到26%，然而8年级学生以及高中生的这种现象没有增加。

Reports of attempted suicide were steady, as were reported levels of marijuana use and cocaine use.

试图自杀的报道数目与之前持平，吸食大麻和可卡因的现象也没有上升。

Even though the suicide numbers remained low, just one is too many, Rubinstein said. She also said that technology can play a role in leading students to ponder suicide. According to the survey’s results, 1 percent of sixth-graders had attempted suicide, while the figures were 5 percent for eighth-graders and 4 percent for high school students.

Rubinstein说：即使自杀人数依然很低，但只要发生任意一起都是难以承受之痛。她也表示在导致学生产生自杀的念头里新科技也起了一定作用。按照此番调查结果显示，1%的6年级学生曾试图自杀，而在8年级学生中这个数字是5%，高中生中则是4%。

“All this electronic communication increases bullying to occur and that can lead to more depression and suicide,’’ she said. “The hardest thing is that kids don’t feel like they have any resources to turn to, so that’s the current push.’’

“所有的电子类通讯都增加了暴力事件的发生，由此也会带来更多的抑郁症和自杀现象，”她说。“最难的一点在于那些孩子感觉不到有什么资源可以帮他们摆脱那种困境，而这就是我们现在亟需推进的。”

The Emerson Hospital Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2008 is available online at www.emersonhospital.org, under the Community Health Resources menu, with this year’s report expected to be posted there soon, officials said.

工作人员称：“2008年度爱默生医院青少年危险行为调查结果”在“社区健康资源”菜单下，在线网址：www.emersonhospital.org，今年的报告也将很快出炉。