每天帮你解析英语词语(十三)

来源:百度文库 编辑:神马文学网 时间:2024/04/28 19:09:53
 156. “车被打得千疮百孔”
  
  
  “车被打得千疮百孔”,想想这个状态,主语是车,而这个车的状态是布满了N多个子弹孔,中文里的“千疮百孔”就可以用简单的英文“N多个子弹孔”来表示。关键是“布满”怎么说???
  
  
  答案:
  
  A woman's car has been peppered with bullets in a drive-by shooting in Sydney's west.
  
  
  【核心词】
  be peppered with sth.
  
  pepper本身的意思是胡椒,你想一般撒点胡椒就会让某个东西布满了胡椒。将pepper状态化,就是被动形式的be peppered with,主要是用来形容子弹孔的,估计也可以用来形容鸡蛋壳(某地被扔鸡蛋了)
  
  后来,be peppered with不仅用来形容子弹孔,也可以用来形容你想形容的东西。比如,一大块开满了花儿都地方就可以这么说:
  beautiful fields peppered with flowers
  
157. “着色的玻璃(带点颜色的玻璃)”
  
  
  写字楼、汽车的玻璃,很多都是带有颜色的,目的是为了避免屋内、车内温度过高,但又不至于阻碍视线,也要能放进来足够的阳光,所以这些玻璃都不是纯透明的,而是有点颜色,比如浅棕色等等。那么怎么说这个“着色的玻璃”呢?
  
  
  答案:
  tinted glass
  
  
  【核心词】
  tint
  
  tint是个名词,意思是淡淡的色彩,浅色,色调,下面是英文释义:
  
  1. A tint is a small amount of colour.
  
  2. If you put a tint on your hair, you dye it a slightly different colour.
  
  3. If something is tinted, it has a small amount of a particular colour or dye in it.
  
  上面说的 tinted glass中,tint变形为tinted,用作了形容词
  
  【例子】
  1. The woman told police the shots were fired by a passenger in a white coloured sedan with tinted windows.
  
  2. Tinted glass refers to any glass that has been treated with a material such as a film or coating, which reduces the transmission of light through it.
158. 个人利益“服从”国家利益
  
  这是我们从小听到大的话,可以,这个“服从”究竟怎么说?
  
  
  答案:
  sb subordinate sb's own interets to those of sb's nation
  
  sb's own interest is subordinate to those of sb's nation
  
  
  重点就是这个“subordinate”,词跟--sub的意思是次于某事物的意思,看看这个词的英文意思(可做动词和形容词和名词)
  
  【释义】
  1. 为形容词时
  
  A. having less power or authority than somebody else in a group or an organization 隶属的;从属的;下级的 ~ (to sb)
  
  In many societies women are subordinate to men. 在许多社会中,妇女都从属于男人。
  
  a subordinate minister/officer 下属部长╱军官
  
  【千万注意】:因为subordinate本身已经是形容词了,所以一定记住不等加--ed啊!!!切记。be subordinate to sb./sth.
  
  B. less important than something else 次要的 ~ (to sth)
  
  2. 为名词时
  a person who has a position with less authority and power than somebody else in an organization 下级;部属
  
  3. 为动词时
  to treat somebody/something as less important than somebody/something else 把…置于次要地位;使从属于 VN ~ sb/sth (to sb/sth)
  
  【用法】
  1. If someone is your subordinate, they have a less important position than you in the organization that you both work for. 【名词】
  
  2. Someone who is subordinate to you has a less important position than you and has to obey you. 【形容词】
  
  3. Something that is subordinate to something else is less important than the other thing.
159. “菜鸟”
  
  每个人的职业生涯,都是从菜鸟到大侠的奋斗史。一般称为大侠的时候,就老了,还是羡慕那些拥有年轻的“菜鸟”。
  
  
  答案:
  newcomer;newbie; rookie;
  
  看看这个rookie的释义
  【释义】
  
  1. A rookie is someone who has just started doing a job and does not have much experience, especially someone who has just joined the army or police force.
  
  2. A rookie is a person who has been competing in a professional sport for less than a year.  160. “马后炮”
  
  我讨厌爱放放马后炮的人,在事情发生之后高谈阔论,发表这个事本该如何如何的看法,自以为他是世界上最聪明的人。“马后炮”怎么说?
  
  
  答案:
  monday morning quarterback
  
  【释义】
  One who criticizes or passes judgment from a position of hindsight.
  
  注意这个释义里面,这个词组monday morning quarterback是指某个人的代称,就是说,你可以说“某某人,你真是个monday morning quarterback”,而不能说“某个事情/事务是个monday morning quarterback”.
  
  
  再来看看这个释义里面的hindsight的释义
  
  【hindsight释义】
  
  Hindsight is the ability to understand and realize something about an event after it has happened, although you did not understand or realize it at the time.
  中文就是:事后聪明,后见之明。这个hindsight就能用来说某个人是个hindsight,而指某个人所拥有的后见之明的能力。
  
  hindsight与monday morning quarterback的区别在于,hindsight没有贬义,只是某个事情发生以后,因为了解了事件发生的过程和因素,所以具备了理解已发生事务的能力。
  
  【hindsight的用法之一】
  
  短语:in hindsight “从事后来看/来分析”
  
  e.g.
  1. Remember, it is often only in hindsight that a story can be told with a better understanding of all the contributing factors.
  
  2. I really don't see the problem. In hindsight things could have gone better.
  
  3. In hindsight of course I realized he knew exactly what he was doing and what I was going through.
  
  【hindsight的用法之二】
  
  直接做名词,表明因某事发生后而具备的对过去的理解能力
  
  e.g.
  1. All good clean fun, and interesting reading with the hindsight of 60 years of automotive development.
  
  2. None of us know the full story and we can all have 20 20 hindsight.
  
  3. Hindsight is always 20-20.
  
  这最后一个例子也算是一个成语,它的解释是:
  It means that you can look in the past (hindsight) and see what you did wrong. Perfect vision is 20/20. So as you look back, you're able to see "perfectly" what you should have done. "Hindsight is 20/20" .
  
  这里的20/20就是相当于我们说的两只眼睛都是1.5的视力。
  
  
  
  【补充afterthought】
  
  afterthought也是一个有点类似的词,但是和hindsight有没有区别,先看看afterthought的定义
  
  【afterthought定义】
  If you do or say something as an afterthought, you do or say it after something else as an addition, perhaps without careful thought.
  从释义看,afterthought这里并不是指“因事后而具备理解事前的能力”,而是指,做某件事情后,才想起去做另外一件事情,已作的那件事情是“因”,但“果”不是对已作事情的分析理解了,而是新做的、另外再做的、补充做的另一个事情。
  
  
  【afterthought用法】
  
  sb. do/say sth. as an afterthought
  
  sth. be an afterthought
  
  
  【afterthought例句】
  
  1. Yes, I do make some money from the ads on the site, but I added them only as an afterthought. I really did create this guide just to share.)
  
  2. This very loosely structured film eventually goes off the rails and the closing scenes feel almost like an afterthought.
  
  3. The plastic bag he had packed as a last minute afterthought to keep his notebook dry now seemed an inspired choice of kit.
161. “乱伦”
  
  这个世界真是乱,72岁的美国老太太跟自己26岁的孙子“爱上了”,真是疯狂啊。
  
  
  答案:
  incest
  
  【释义】
  Incest is the crime of two members of the same family having sexual intercourse, for example a father and daughter, or a brother and sister.
  
  
  【补充】
  这个孙子是老太太送出去给别人领养的女儿所生的孩子,老太太第一次看见孙子,觉得孙子相当sexy,当然,老太太也给吓坏了be freaked out。但她会研究啊,不知看了谁写的一本书,说这种爱也没事,也是正常的,所以她就勇敢去爱了。一般人看了这新闻,就是只有作呕了feel sick.it is gross.这叫什么事啊,实在是太荒唐it is total insanity.
  
  
  
 162. “离乡背井”
  
  离乡背井有很多个说法,今天看到一个。
  
  
  答案:
  sb. be uprooted
  
  uproot是个动词,它的本来意思是连根拔起,比如狂风把大树连根拔起。那么离乡背井就是一个人把自己连根拔起,离开根原来生长的地方。
  
  【用法】
  1. If you uproot yourself or if you are uprooted, you leave, or are made to leave, a place where you have lived for a long time.
  
  2. If someone uproots a tree or plant, or if the wind uproots it, it is pulled out of the ground.
  
  【例子】
  
  1. It is like a great uprooted tree with its roots in the air.
  
  2. He added that if all went well, by 2005, polio would be completely uprooted from the country.
  
  3. She is uprooted from her home town who feels the world revolves around her.
  
  总结起来,说某人离开常住已久的地方,两种方式:
  sb. uproot himself/herself
  
  sb. be uprooted from some place
 163. “唱歌跑调”
  
  俺也是个五音不全的人,唱歌跑调是常事。不过,如果你去参加歌唱类的选秀,还是别跑调吧。
  
  答案:
  sb be out of tune
  
  sb miss notes
164. “献声”
  
  演而优则唱的人比比皆是。比如赵薇还珠格格第一部火了,她立马就在第二部献声唱了主题曲《有一个姑娘》。就是这个献声,怎么说?光这个“献”就够难了,这个“声”用什么呢?难不成用“sound”??
  
  答案:
  provide vocals
  
  很显然这个provide哪有中文那么有意境,不过只要正确就好。
  
  重点说vocal(这里是复数,也一定是复数),vocal的本意是指是嗓子发声,歌曲中的人声部分。所以,这里的献声只能用于某人在唱片、原声碟、电影电视等里“唱了几首歌”,也就是只闻其声不见其人的场合。如果一个人在某个晚会上唱歌,就不是“献声”,而是“献唱”,直接用sing(v.)就好。
  
  【例子】
  The actress provided vocals on four songs from the film's soundtrack.
  
  
  【补充1:歌手】
  
  歌手:vocalist;男女歌手:male vocalist; female vocalist
  
  
  【补充2:给动画片配音】
  provide (the) voices
  
  e.g. Lopez and Anderson-Lopez providing the voices for Marlin and Dory, respectively.
  
  voice可以单独做动词,用来表达“给动画片配音”的意思,比如说Nemo is voiced by sb.
  
  一般动画片的配音演员阵容(表)叫voice cast,一般写完配音演员的名字后,加一个括号(voice),就是表示这个人是配音演员。
  
  主要,只有给动画片配音,才叫provide voices;如果把美国片配上中文声音,是另一个词:dub。
  
  dub这个词以前认识过了,在“犀利哥”那里,dub是指被人戏称为、起外号为某某的意思。
  
  dub做配音(从一种语言到另一种语言)的用法我也还没搞得很清楚,所以先就不误传了。
  
165. “翻拍的电影/翻拍电影”
  
  红楼梦、西游记都要翻拍了,而翻拍的三国演义正在热播着。不去争论翻拍之作是否能超越经典,先看看“翻拍”的英文怎么说。
  
  
  答案:
  remake
  
  这个词很好记,重新+做:re+make。这个词可以做动词,讲某个电影被翻拍a film be remade,也可以做名词,指那个翻拍之后的电影。
  
  【用法】
  1.A remake is a film that has the same story, and often the same title, as a film that was made earlier.
  
  2. If a film is remade, a new film is made that has the same story, and often the same title, as a film that was made earlier.
  
  3. If you have something remade, you ask someone to make it again, especially in a way that is better than before.