Business Vocabulary

Advertising
1 ad    abbr. advertisement - advert abbr.
2 advertisement    n. item of publicity for a product or service, in magazine, on TV etc
3 advertising agency    company specialising in producing and placing advertisements for clients
4 AIDA .    Attention, Interest, Desire, Action - the objective of all advertisement
5 benefit     n. advantage of a product or service, usually derived from its features
6 billboard (US)    n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; hoardingUK
7 circulation      n. average number of copies of a magazine sold in a particular period
8 classified ads       small advertisements in magazine or newspaper categorised by subject
9 commercial      n. paid advertisement on radio or TV
10 coupon     n. part of a printed advertisement used for ordering goods, samples etc
11 double-page spread      n. advertisement printed across 2 pages in a magazine or newspaper
12 eye-catcher (US)       n. something that especially attracts one‘s attention - eye-catching adj.
13 features n. special characteristics of a product, usually leading to certain benefits
14 hoardingUK n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; billboard (US)
15 poster n. large sheet of paper, usually illustrated, used as advertisement
16 prime time n. hours on radio & TV with largest audience, esp. the evening hours
17 promote v. to (try to) increase sales of a product by publicising and advertising it
18 slot n. specific time in a broadcasting schedule, when a commercial may be shown
19 target n. objective; what one is aiming at - target audience n.
20 U.S.P. . Unique Selling Proposition; what makes a product different from others
Business
Vocabulary P2
Marketing
1 brand      n. a particular make of product - to brand v. - branded adj.
2 consumer      n. the person who buys and uses a product or service - to consume v.
3 cost      v. [cost, costed, costed] to estimate the price of making a product - costing n.
4 develop      v. to create a new product or improve an existing one - product development
5 distribution     n. the delivering of products to end-users, inc. advertising, storing etc
6 end-user      n. the person, customer etc who is the ultimate (and so real) user of a product
7 image      n. the concept or perception of a firm or product held by the general public
8 label      n. small piece of paper, metal etc on a product giving information about it
9 launch      v. to introduce a new product, with publicity etc - product launch n.
10 mail order      n. the selling of goods by post - mail-order catalogue n.
11 market research       n. study of consumers‘ needs & preferences, often for a particular product
12 packaging (UK)     n. the wrapping or container for a product
13 point of sale      n. the place where a product is actually sold to the public - point-of-sale adj.
14 product      n. something made to be sold; merchandise [includes services] - to produce
15 public relations         creation and maintenance of a good public image - public relations officer
16 registered          adj. registered or officially recorded as a trademark - ® abbr. - to register
17 sponsor        n. firm supporting an organisation in return for advertising space - also v.
18 S.W.O.T.          abbr. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
19 total product          the whole product, inc. name, packaging, instructions, reliability, after-sales etc
20 trademark        n. special symbol, design, word etc used to represent a product or firm
Business Vocabulary P3
Meetings
1 A.G.M.       abbr. Annual General Meeting
2 A.O.B.        abbr. Any Other Business [usually the last item on an agenda]
3 absent         adj. not here; not at the meeting; not present
4 agenda        n. a written programme or schedule for a meeting
5 apologies      n. item on agenda announcing people who are absent; apologies for absence
6 ballot           n. a type of vote, usually in writing and usually secret- secret ballot n.
7 casting vote        n. a deciding vote (usually by the chairman) when the votes are otherwise equal
8 chairman       n. the person who leads or presides at a meeting; chairperson; chair
9 conference     n. formal meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an organisation
10 conference call       n. telephone call between three or more people in different locations
11 consensus        n. general agreement
12 decision      n. a conclusion or resolution to do something - to decide v.
13 item      n. a separate point for discussion [as listed on an agenda]
14 matters arising        n. item on agenda for discussion of what has happened as a result of last meeting
15 minutes       n. a written record of everything said at a meeting
16 proxy vote      n. a vote cast by one person for or in place of another
17 show of hands           n. raised hands to express an opinion in a vote
18 unanimous         adj. in complete agreement; united in opinion
19 video conference       n. conference of people in different locations linked by satellite, TV etc
20 vote        v. to express opinion in a group by voice or hand etc - also n. - to cast a vote v.
Business Vocabulary P4
Presentations
1 audience rapport      n. relationship of presenter with audience, esp. when good
2 body language          n. non-verbal communication through facial expressions, body movements etc
3 Finally . . .            Typical word used to signal the last of several points or subjects
4 flip chart             n. a pad of large paper sheets on a stand for presenting information
5 For example . . .      Typical phrase used to signal an illustration or sample of a particular point
6 handout       n. anything (report, sample etc) handed or given to people at a presentation
7 In conclusion.       Typical phrase used to signal the summing up or final part of a presentation
8 ladies & gentlemen       Polite phrase often used to address an audience of men and women
9 markern. whiteboard marker,       a pen with a broad, felt tip for writing on whiteboards
10 microphone         electrical instrument that one speaks into for amplification of the voice etc
11 O.H.T.       abbr. overhead transparency; sheet of film with image for overhead projector
12 overhead projector       n. device that projects an o.h.t. onto a screen - O.H.P. abbr.
13 pointer        n. device (rod or electric torch etc) for indicating things on a map, screen etc
14 screen       n. large, flat, reflective white surface on which films, slides etc are projected
15 signal        v. to help the audience understand where one is in a presentation - signalling n.
16 slide       n. small (usually 35mm) photographic transparency - slide projector n.
17 To start with . . .     Typical phrase used to signal the beginning of a particular subject or topic
18 Turning now to .       Typical phrase used to signal a change from one subject or topic to another
19 visual aids       n. things that one can look at in a presentation [eg: films, maps, charts etc]
20 whiteboard      n. large, flat, white surface or board on which to write or draw with markers
Business Vocabulary P5
Selling
1 after-sales service       n. service that continues after a product has been sold [eg: repairs etc]
2 buyer       n. 1 any person who buys anything 2 a person employed by a firm to buy
3 client       n. a person who buys services from a lawyer, architect or other professionals
4 close       v. to finalise a deal or sale; to make a sale
5 cold call v. to telephone a prospect without previous contact - also n.
6 customer n. a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business
7 deal         n. a business transaction - also v. dealer n.
8 discount   n. a reduction in the price; a deduction [usually expressed as a percentage (%)]
9 follow up     v. to continue to follow persistently; to maintain contact [eg: after a lead]
10 guarantee   n. a promise that a product will be repaired or replaced etc if faulty - also v.
11 in bulk          in large quantity, usually at a lower price
12 lead        n. useful indication of a possible customer to be followed up
13 objection      n. a reason given by a prospect for not buying - to object v. see overcome
14 overcome      v. [-came, -come] to overcome an objection to show an objection is invalid
15 product      n. something made and usually for sale - to produce v. see service
16 prospect    n. a possible or probable customer; prospective customer
17 representative     n. sales representative person who represents & sells for a firm; salesperson
18 retail    v. to sell in small quantities (as in a shop to the public) - also n. see wholesale
19 service   n. work done usually in return for payment - to serve v. see product
20 wholesale      v. to sell in bulk (as to a shop for resale to the public) - also n. see retail
Business Vocabulary P6
Employment
1 bonus     n. additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward
2 curriculum vitae (UK)       short account of one‘s education, career etc; CVUK; résuméUS; resumeUS
3 dismiss       v. to remove or discharge from employment; to sack [colloq.]; to fire (US)
4 employer    n. person or firm who employs people - employee n. person employed
5 fire      US v. [colloq.] to dismiss
6 interview    v. an oral examination of an applicant for a job - also v.
7 make redundant (UK)      [made, made] to dismiss because of not being needed - redundancy (UK) n.
8 maternity leave       n. period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby
9 notice    n. advance warning of intention to resign - to give or tender one‘s notice v.
10 perk      abbr. perquisite; something additional to regular salary [eg: free meals; a car]
11 personnel       n. the people who work for a firm
12 personnel officer        manager responsible for recruitment, training and welfare of personnel
13 promotion        n. advancement in rank or position - to promote v.
14 prospects          n. opportunity for success, promotion etc
15 recruit         n. to look for and employ personnel - recruitment n.
16 resign       v. to give up a job - letter of resignation n.
17 retire      v. to leave employment, esp. because of age - retirement n.
18 salary      n. a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to employee
19 staff        n. the people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees
20 take on   v. [took, taken] to employ; to hire
Business Vocabulary P7
Contracts
1 agreement     n. an arrangement between two or more people, countries etc; contract
2 appendix       n. additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book etc
3 arbitration     n. settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties - to arbitrate v.
4 article      n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; clause
5 clause      n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; article
6 condition       n. anything necessary before the performance of something else
7 force majeure      n. superior, power; unforeseeable event excusing one party from fulfilling contract
8 fulfil     v. to satisfy a condition; to complete the required task; to fulfill (US)
9 herein        adv. in here; in this (document etc)
10 hereinafter       adv. in the following part (of this document etc)
11 hereto              adv. to this (document etc) [eg: attached hereto]
12 heretofore       adv. up until now; until the present; before this
13 in behalf of in the interests of (person etc);          for (person etc); on behalf of (UK)
14 null and void             invalid; without legal force; not binding
15 on the one hand         on one side - on the other hand on the other side
16 party          n. the person or persons forming one side of an agreement
17 stipulate       v. to specify as an essential condition - stipulation n.
18 terms      n. conditions or stipulations
19 warrant   v. to give formal assurance; to guarantee
20 whereas      conj: it being the case that; in view of the fact that [in introduction to contracts]
Business Vocabulary P8
Import-Export
1 bill of lading       n. list of goods and shipping instructions; waybill
2 c.&f.                 abbr. cost & freight: includes shipping to named port but not insurance
3 c.i.f.                  abbr. cost, insurance & freight: includes insurance and shipping to named port
4 cargo          n. goods or products that are being transported or shipped
5 certificate of origin          n. a document that shows where goods come from
6 container          n. huge box to hold goods for transport - container port n. to containerise v.
7 customs          n. 1 government tax or duty on imported goods 2 the people who collect this tax
8 declare         v. to make a statement of taxable goods - customs declaration form n.
9 f.a.s.       abbr. free alongside ship [includes delivery to quayside but not loading]
10 f.o.b.       abbr. free on board: includes loading onto ship
11 freight        n. goods being transported; cargo
12 irrevocable            adj. that cannot be undone; unalterable - irrevocable letter of credit n.
13 letter of credit           a letter from a bank authorising a person to draw money from another bank
14 merchandise       n. things bought and sold; commodities; wares - also v.
15 packing list        n. a document that is sent with goods to show that they have been checked
16 pro forma invoice       n. an invoice or request for payment sent in advance of goods supplied
17 quay      n. a solid, artificial landing place for (un)loading ships; wharf - quayside n.
18 ship       v. to send or transport by land, sea or air - also n. shipment n.
19 shipping agent      n. a person acting for or representing a ship or ships at a port
20 waybill     n. list of goods and shipping instructions; bill of lading - air waybill n.
Business Vocabulary P9 1/2
Insurance
1 actuary      n. a person who calculates risks for insurance companies
2 assessor     n. a person who calculates the value of something
3 claim         n. an application for payment under an insurance policy - to make a claim v.
4 comprehensive      n. [of an insurance policy] all-inclusive; providing complete protection
5 consequential loss      n. a loss that happens as a consequence of or as a result of another
6 cover (UK)        n. the protection given by an insurance policy
7 employer‘s liability       n. liability or responsibility of a firm for damage caused to one of its employees
8 goods in transit       n. property, merchandise or any goods in the process of being transported
9 insurance broker    n. agent who arranges insurance; middleman between insurer & policyholder
10 liability       n. 1 the state of being liable 2 anything for which a person is liable
11 liable          adj. legally obliged to pay for damage, injury etc; responsible - liability n.
12 loss      n. death, injury, damage etc that is the basis for a
claim
13 loss adjuster      n. a person who assesses the amount of compensation arising from a claim
14 policy      n. a contract of insurance [eg: a product liability policy]
15 policyholder      n. the person to whom an insurance policy is issued
Business Vocabulary P9 2/2
Insurance
16 premium      a payment, usually monthly, yearly etc, for an insurance policy
17 product liability       n. liability or responsibility of a firm for damage caused by one of its products
18 public liability     n. responsibility of a firm for damage caused to a member of the public
19 reinsurance     n. the insuring of a risk by one insurance company with another - to reinsure v.
20 risk   n. 1 chance or possibility of injury, loss etc 2 person or thing causing risk
Business Vocabulary P10
Banking
1 balance      n. the difference between credits and debits in an account
2 bank charges     n. money paid to a bank for the bank‘s services etc
3 branch       n. local office or bureau of a bank
4 checkbook (US)      n. book containing detachable checks; chequebookUK
5 check (US)        n. written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from one‘s account; chequeUK
6 credit      n. money in a bank a/c; sum added to a bank a/c; money lent by a bank - also v.
7 credit card       n. (plastic) card from a bank authorising the purchasing of goods on credit
8 current account bank         a/c from which money may be drawn at any time; checking accountUS
9 debit       n. a sum deducted from a bank account, as for a cheque - also v.
10 deposit account       n. bank a/c on which interest is paid; savings accountUS
11 fill in (UK)      v. to add written information to a document to make it complete; to fill outUS
12 interest     n. money paid for the use of money lent - interest rate n.
13 loan      n. money lent by a bank etc and that must be repaid with interest - also v.
14 overdraft         n. deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is paid in
15 pay in       v. [paid, paid] to deposit or put money in to a bank account
16 payee       n. person to whom money is paid
17 paying-in slip        n. small document recording money that you pay in to a bank account
18 standing order       n. an instruction to a bank to make regular payments
19 statement         n. a record of transactions in a bank account
20 withdraw         v. [-drew, -drawn] to take money out of a bank account - withdrawal n.
Business Vocabulary P11
Law
1 attorney       n. 1 a person appointed to act for or represent another 2US lawyer
2 barrister (UK)     n. a lawyer who pleads before a superior court
3 brief     n. 1(UK) instructions to a barrister - also v. 2(US) written statement of facts for a court
4 case       n. statement of the facts in a trial, esp. the argument of one side
5 contract      n. a formal agreement, usually in writing, between two or more parties
6 court of law       n. the place where law cases are hear and decided; court - courtroom n.
7 evidence      n. information presented to a court to prove or support a point in question
8 guilty        adj. responsible for wrong; culpable - guilt n. not guilty
9 judge      n. public official with authority to hear and decide cases in a court of law - also v.
10 jury      n. a group of people chosen to hear the evidence of a case and give a decision
11 lawsuit     n. a trial at court between two private parties
12 lawyer          a person trained in law and who advises or represents others
13 plead            v. 1 to defend a law case 2 to declare oneself to be guilty or not guilty - plea n.
14 sentence       n. 1 decision of a court, esp. as to the punishment 2 the punishment - also v.
15 solicitor       n. 1(UK) lawyer advising clients & briefing barristers 2 (US) law officer for a city
16 sue     v. to start legal action against someone in a court of law - lawsuit n.
17 sum up      v. to summarise & review the evidence of a case [said of a judge] - summing up n
18 trial        n. a formal examination of a case in a court of law - to try
19 verdict    n. the formal decision or finding of a judge or jury without prejudice without detriment or damage to a legal right or claim
Business Vocabulary P12
Money
1 A.T.M.          abbr. Automated Teller Machine; cash dispenser (UK)
2 banknote       n. a piece of paper money; bill (US)
3 bill      (US) n. a banknote; a piece of paper money
4 black market    n. illegal traffic in officially controlled commodities such as foreign currency
5 bureau de change       n. establishment where currencies of different countries may be exchanged
6 cash       n. 1 coins or bank notes (not cheques); 2 actual money paid as opposed to credit
7 cash dispenser      (UK) automatic machine from which clients of a bank may withdraw money; ATM
8 cashier     n. person dealing with cash transactions in a bank, store etc
9 coin         n. a piece of metal money
10 currency      n. the money in general use or circulation in any country
11 debt       n. money etc owed by one person to another
12 exchange rate       n. the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another
13 foreign exchange       n. the currency of other countries
14 hard currency        n. currency that will probably not fall in value and is readily accepted
15 invest      v. to put money for profit into business, land etc - investment n.
16 legal tender       n. currency that cannot legally be refused in payment of a debt
17 petty cash       (UK) n. a cash fund for small, everyday expenses
18 soft currency           n. currency that will probably fall in value and is not readily accepted
19 speculate          v. (risky) buying of foreign currency, land etc for rapid gain - speculation n.
20 transaction           n. a (usually commercial) exchange; a deal - to transact v.
Business Vocabulary P13
Air Travel
1 aisle           n. corridor in aeroplane between the seats [there are usually one or two]
2 baggage claim          n. place where passengers go to find their luggage (cases etc) at the end of a flight
3 board             v. to get on or enter an aeroplane - on board adv.
4 boarding pass       n. special ticket showing that passenger has checked in and may board plane
5 check in          v. to register for a flight, inc. checking of tickets, passports, luggage etc - also n.
6 confirmation     n. passenger‘s telephone validation of return reservation; reconfirmation
7 departures board            n. large display in airport showing times, destinations etc of departing flights
8 domestic         adj. national, not international [a domestic flight is entirely within one country]
9 duty free      adj. [of products: cigarettes, perfume etc] not taxable; exempt from customs taxes
10 excess baggage      n. luggage that is more than the permitted or allowed weight
11 flight      n. an aeroplane scheduled to fly a certain route at a certain time
12 gate        n. the point in an airport at which a particular flight arrives and departs
13 hand luggage      n. light bags, briefcases etc that may be carried on board by passengers
14 IATA          abbr. International Air Transport Association
15 immigration officer      n. government official responsible for checking passengers‘ passports
16 jet lag         n. extreme tiredness etc after a long flight between extreme time zones
17 runway          n. the strip on which planes land and take off
18 stopover          n. a break for a day or two on an international flight
19 ticket      n. receipt for transportation etc. An air ticket has one coupon for each journey
20 transit         n. A transit passenger is one stopping at an airport that is not his destination