转基因大豆与不育、婴儿死亡率有关联

GM soy linked to sterility, infant mortality

Wednesday, 21 April 2010 20:09

转基因大豆与不育，婴儿死亡率有关联

星期三，2010年4月21日20:09

faraway2010译 http://14099853.blog.hexun.com/49023617_d.html

http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/1-news-items/12160-gm-soy-linked-to-sterility-infant-mortality

 

 

摘录：“我们没有权利使用转基因生物，直到我们了解可能产生的不利影响，不仅对自己，而且对后代。我们一定要全面详细地研究以澄清这一点。”- 俄罗斯生物学家Alexey V. Surov

 

Genetically Modified Soy Linked to Sterility, Infant Mortality

Jeffrey Smith

Huffington Post, April 20 2010

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-smith/genetically-modified-soy_b_544575.html

 

 

 “这项研究只是例行公事，”俄罗斯生物学家Alexey V. Surov说，在本世纪会以掩饰的方式结束。Surov和他的同事发现，如果孟山都公司的转基因（GM）大豆，在美国大豆田里，91％种植转基因大豆，导致生长或繁殖问题。他的发现可能铲除一个数十亿美元的产业。

在喂食仓鼠两年经历了三代后，那些食用转基因食物的,尤其是那组食用最大量的的转基因大豆的仓鼠，显示出灾难性的结果。在产生第三代之前,大多数喂食转基因大豆的仓鼠失去生育能力，它们生长缓慢，幼仔死亡率高。

并且如果这还不够令人震惊，第三代中的一些小鼠毛发甚至生长在嘴里——一种罕见的现象，但显然在食用转基因大豆仓鼠中，这种现象更普遍。

这项研究由Surov供职的俄罗斯科学院生态和进化研究所和基因安全国家协会联合执行，预计3个月后（2010年7月）发表结果——因此该技术细节拭目以待。但Surov在发给我的电子邮件中勾勒出基本的内容。

他把具有快速繁殖率的坎贝尔仓鼠分为4组。所有的按标准饮食喂养，但一组的饮食中没有任何大豆，另一组食用非转基因大豆，第三组食用转基因大豆，第四组食物中所含的转基因大豆数量最大。每个实验组有5对仓鼠，每对生产7-8胎，共140只。

 Surov   告诉俄罗斯之声，

 “最初，一切顺利。然而，当我们从它们的幼仔中重新选择配对并按照之前的方案喂养时，我们注意到一个相当严重的影响。这些成对的幼仔生长速度较慢，达到他们的性成熟期缓慢。”

他从每组选择新的配对，会产生的另39只幼仔。对照组产仔52只，非转基因大豆组产仔78只。食用转基因大豆组，只有40个幼仔出生。而其中，25％死亡。与对照组相比，死亡率是对照组5％死亡率的5倍。食用转基因大豆含量最高的那组仓鼠，只有一只雌鼠生产。它她生产了16个幼崽，约20％死亡。

Surov说：“F2 [第三代]代的低的数字显示，许多动物不育。”

发表的论文还将包括第三代动物器官的大小尺寸，包括睾丸，脾，子宫等。如果该团队能筹集足够的资金，他们也将分析收集的血液样本中的激素水平。

毛发生长在口中

今年早些时候，Surov以共同作者身份在《生物科学报告》发表了一篇论文，展示了罕见的实例，毛发生长在仓鼠的口中。

有些袋包含单一的毛；有些，厚束的无色或色素毛发达到牙齿的咀嚼表面。有时候，牙齿被整齐的发束在两侧包围。毛发垂直生长，末端锐利，往往覆盖着一团粘液“

（这些毛束的照片真正恶心。相信我，或你自己寻找。）

在研究结论中，作者推测，这种惊人的缺陷可能是由于实验室仓鼠的饮食造成的。他们写道，“该病变会因天然食品中的元素缺乏而恶化，如转基因（GM）的成分（转基因大豆或玉米粉）或污染物（杀虫剂，毒枝菌素，重金属等）。 “事实上，口中长毛的仓鼠数量在食用转基因大豆的仓鼠的第三代中比例较高，远远高于Surov以前在任何地方见过的动物。

初步的，但是不吉利的

Surov警告不要过早下结论。他说，“很可能，转基因食品本身并不导致这些影响。” Surov希望优先进行饲料成分分析，发现是什么原因造成这些影响并且如何影响。

除了转基因生物，可能是污染物，他说，或高浓度除草剂残留，如农达（Roundup）。事实上，这些大豆含有高浓度的农达（Roundup），他们是所谓的“抗农达”。细菌的基因被整合到它们的DNA所以植株可以容忍孟山都的农达除草剂。因此，转基因大豆总是携带者高浓度的除草剂的双重威胁,伴随着基因工程带来的任何副作用的。

转基因生物饲料造成多年的生殖障碍

Surov的仓鼠只是最近的动物在消费转基因食品之后患有生殖紊乱。2005年，Irina Ermakova，也与俄罗斯国家科学院一起报告，喂养转基因大豆的母鼠后代有超过一半的幼仔在三周内死亡。这一死亡率也是5倍于非转基因大豆组的死亡率10％。转基因组的幼仔也更小（见照片），无法生育。
 

讲述一件巧合的事，在Ermakova的饲养试验之后，她的实验室开始喂食饲养设施中的所有大鼠转基因大豆。两个月内，幼仔死亡率达到55％。

当Ermakova喂食雄性大鼠转基因大豆，雄性大鼠睾丸从正常的粉红色转变为深蓝色！意大利科学家在试验小鼠身上发现同样的变化，包括受损的初级精子细胞。此外，喂食转基因大豆亲本小鼠的胚胎DNA功能不全。

2008年11月奥地利政府发表的研究表明，转基因玉米喂养的小鼠，吃的转基因玉米越多，后代的数量及个体就越小。
 
爱荷华州中部农民Jerry Rosman饲养的猪和牛出现麻烦，变成不育。他饲养的一些猪甚至假怀孕或生下水袋。经过几个月的调查和试验，他终于追踪到问题源于转基因玉米饲料。每次报纸，杂志，或电视节目报道Jerry的问题，他将接到更多的农民的电话抱怨他们的农场的牲畜不育，与转基因玉米有关。

贝勒医学院的研究人员偶然发现，饲养在玉米棒子作为草垫的大鼠“既不繁殖也不展示生殖行为。”玉米材料试验揭示两种化合物”在浓度大约比传统植物雌激素低两百倍时“终止了雌鼠的性周期。一种化合物也缩减了雄鼠的性行为，这两种物质促进乳腺癌和前列腺癌细胞的增长。研究人员发现，这些物质的数量随转基因玉米品种不同而变化。在贝勒医学院用的压碎的玉米芯很可能来自爱荷华州中部，靠近Jerry Rosman和其他的农场，这些农场抱怨牲畜不育。

在印度的哈里亚纳邦，兽医的调查报告说，食用转基因棉籽的水牛遭受不育，以及频繁的流产，早产和子宫脱垂的痛苦。许多成年和幼年的牛也离奇死亡。

否定，攻击，并取消后续

发现转基因生物不利结果的科学家均定期遭受攻击，嘲笑，拒绝提供资金，甚至被解雇。当Ermakova报告食用转基因大豆动物的后代婴儿死亡率高，例如，她呼吁科学界重复并验证她的初步结果。她还要求更多的资金来分析保留的器官。相反，她受到攻击和诋毁。样品从她的实验室被盗，论文在她的办公桌上被烧毁，她说，她的老板，从他的老板那里受到压力，告诉她不要再做任何更多的转基因生物研究。还没有人一再重复Ermakova的简单，廉价的研究。

在试图向她表示同情，她的一位同事建议，或许对转基因大豆将解决超越人口的问题！

Surov报道，到目前为止，他还没有受到任何压力。

选择退出大规模转基因生物饲养试验

如果没有详细的测试，没有人能够查出究竟是什么原因造成俄罗斯仓鼠和大鼠，意大利和奥地利小鼠，印度和美国的牲畜的生殖悲剧。我们只能推测转基因食品在1996年被引进，与相应的低出生体重婴儿的比例高涨，不育不孕症，其他美国人口问题之间的联系。但许多科学家，医师和有关人士并不认为公众应继续为生物技术产业的大规模无节制的试验而保留实验室动物。

Alexey Surov表示，“我们没有权利使用转基因生物，直到我们了解可能产生的不利影响，不仅对自己，而且对后代。我们一定要全面详细地研究以澄清这一点。任何类型的污染必须在消费之前进行测试，转基因食品（生物）只是其中之一。”

GM soy linked to sterility, infant mortality

Wednesday, 21 April 2010 20:09

 

EXTRACT: "We have no right to use GMOs until we understand the possible adverse effects, not only to ourselves but to future generations as well. We definitely need fully detailed studies to clarify this." - Russian biologist Alexey V. Surov
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Genetically Modified Soy Linked to Sterility, Infant Mortality
Jeffrey Smith
Huffington Post, April 20 2010
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-smith/genetically-modified-soy_b_544575.html

"This study was just routine," said Russian biologist Alexey V. Surov, in what could end up as the understatement of this century. Surov and his colleagues set out to discover if Monsanto's genetically modified (GM) soy, grown on 91% of US soybean fields, leads to problems in growth or reproduction. What he discovered may uproot a multi-billion dollar industry.

After feeding hamsters for two years over three generations, those on the GM diet, and especially the group on the maximum GM soy diet, showed devastating results. By the third generation, most GM soy-fed hamsters lost the ability to have babies. They also suffered slower growth, and a high mortality rate among the pups.

And if this isn't shocking enough, some in the third generation even had hair growing inside their mouths—a phenomenon rarely seen, but apparently more prevalent among hamsters eating GM soy.

The study, jointly conducted by Surov's Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Association for Gene Security, is expected to be published in three months (July 2010)—so the technical details will have to wait. But Surov sketched out the basic set up for me in an email.

He used Campbell hamsters, with a fast reproduction rate, divided into 4 groups. All were fed a normal diet, but one was without any soy, another had non-GM soy, a third used GM soy, and a fourth contained higher amounts of GM soy. They used 5 pairs of hamsters per group, each of which produced 7-8 litters, totally 140 animals.

Surov told The Voice of Russia,

    "Originally, everything went smoothly. However, we noticed quite a serious effect when we selected new pairs from their cubs and continued to feed them as before. These pairs' growth rate was slower and reached their sexual maturity slowly."

He selected new pairs from each group, which generated another 39 litters. There were 52 pups born to the control group and 78 to the non-GM soy group. In the GM soy group, however, only 40 pups were born. And of these, 25% died. This was a fivefold higher death rate than the 5% seen among the controls. Of the hamsters that ate high GM soy content, only a single female hamster gave birth. She had 16 pups; about 20% died.

Surov said "The low numbers in F2 [third generation] showed that many animals were sterile."

The published paper will also include measurements of organ size for the third generation animals, including testes, spleen, uterus, etc. And if the team can raise sufficient funds, they will also analyze hormone levels in collected blood samples.

Hair Growing in the Mouth

Earlier this year, Surov co-authored a paper in Doklady Biological Sciences showing that in rare instances, hair grows inside recessed pouches in the mouths of hamsters.

"Some of these pouches contained single hairs; others, thick bundles of colorless or pigmented hairs reaching as high as the chewing surface of the teeth. Sometimes, the tooth row was surrounded with a regular brush of hair bundles on both sides. The hairs grew vertically and had sharp ends, often covered with lumps of a mucous."

(The photos of these hair bundles are truly disgusting. Trust me, or look for yourself.)

At the conclusion of the study, the authors surmise that such an astounding defect may be due to the diet of hamsters raised in the laboratory. They write, "This pathology may be exacerbated by elements of the food that are absent in natural food, such as genetically modified (GM) ingredients (GM soybean or maize meal) or contaminants (pesticides, mycotoxins, heavy metals, etc.)." Indeed, the number of hairy mouthed hamsters was much higher among the third generation of GM soy fed animals than anywhere Surov had seen before.

Preliminary, but Ominous

Surov warns against jumping to early conclusions. He said, "It is quite possible that the GMO does not cause these effects by itself." Surov wants to make the analysis of the feed components a priority, to discover just what is causing the effect and how.

In addition to the GMOs, it could be contaminants, he said, or higher herbicide residues, such as Roundup. There is in fact much higher levels of Roundup on these beans; they're called "Roundup Ready." Bacterial genes are forced into their DNA so that the plants can tolerate Monsanto's Roundup herbicide. Therefore, GM soy always carries the double threat of higher herbicide content, couple with any side effects of genetic engineering.

Years of Reproductive Disorders from GMO-Feed

Surov's hamsters are just the latest animals to suffer from reproductive disorders after consuming GMOs. In 2005, Irina Ermakova, also with the Russian National Academy of Sciences, reported that more than half the babies from mother rats fed GM soy died within three weeks. This was also five times higher than the 10% death rate of the non-GMO soy group. The babies in the GM group were also smaller (see photo) and could not reproduce.

In a telling coincidence, after Ermakova's feeding trials, her laboratory started feeding all the rats in the facility a commercial rat chow using GM soy. Within two months, the infant mortality facility-wide reached 55%.

When Ermakova fed male rats GM soy, their testicles changed from the normal pink to dark blue! Italian scientists similarly found changes in mice testes (PDF), including damaged young sperm cells. Furthermore, the DNA of embryos from parent mice fed GM soy functioned differently.

An Austrian government study published in November 2008 showed that the more GM corn was fed to mice, the fewer the babies they had (PDF), and the smaller the babies were.

Central Iowa Farmer Jerry Rosman also had trouble with pigs and cows becoming sterile. Some of his pigs even had false pregnancies or gave birth to bags of water. After months of investigations and testing, he finally traced the problem to GM corn feed. Every time a newspaper, magazine, or TV show reported Jerry's problems, he would receive calls from more farmers complaining of livestock sterility on their farm, linked to GM corn.

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine accidentally discovered that rats raised on corncob bedding "neither breed nor exhibit reproductive behavior." Tests on the corn material revealed two compounds that stopped the sexual cycle in females "at concentrations approximately two-hundredfold lower than classical phytoestrogens." One compound also curtailed male sexual behavior and both substances contributed to the growth of breast and prostate cancer cell cultures. Researchers found that the amount of the substances varied with GM corn varieties. The crushed corncob used at Baylor was likely shipped from central Iowa, near the farm of Jerry Rosman and others complaining of sterile livestock.

In Haryana, India, a team of investigating veterinarians report that buffalo consuming GM cottonseed suffer from infertility, as well as frequent abortions, premature deliveries, and prolapsed uteruses. Many adult and young buffalo have also died mysteriously.

Denial, Attack and Canceled Follow-up

Scientists who discover adverse findings from GMOs are regularly attacked, ridiculed, denied funding, and even fired. When Ermakova reported the high infant mortality among GM soy fed offspring, for example, she appealed to the scientific community to repeat and verify her preliminary results. She also sought additional funds to analyze preserved organs. Instead, she was attacked and vilified. Samples were stolen from her lab, papers were burnt on her desk, and she said that her boss, under pressure from his boss, told her to stop doing any more GMO research. No one has yet repeated Ermakova's simple, inexpensive studies.

In an attempt to offer her sympathy, one of her colleagues suggested that maybe the GM soy will solve the over population problem!

Surov reports that so far, he has not been under any pressure.

Opting Out of the Massive GMO Feeding Experiment

Without detailed tests, no one can pinpoint exactly what is causing the reproductive travesties in Russian hamsters and rats, Italian and Austrian mice, and livestock in India and America. And we can only speculate about the relationship between the introduction of genetically modified foods in 1996, and the corresponding upsurge in low birth weight babies, infertility, and other problems among the US population. But many scientists, physicians, and concerned citizens don't think that the public should remain the lab animals for the biotech industry's massive uncontrolled experiment.

Alexey Surov says, "We have no right to use GMOs until we understand the possible adverse effects, not only to ourselves but to future generations as well. We definitely need fully detailed studies to clarify this. Any type of contamination has to be tested before we consume it, and GMO is just one of them."