【内容分类】综合

中华人民共和国劳动法

【失效日期】

【颁布单位】全国人大常委会

【颁布日期】1994.07.05

【时效性】有效

【实施日期】1995.01.01

【正文】目  录

    第一章  总  则

    第二章  促进就业

    第三章  劳动合同和集体合同

    第四章  工作时间和休息休假

    第五章  工  资

    第六章  劳动安全卫生

    第七章  女职工和未成年工特殊保护

    第八章  职业培训

    第九章  社会保险和福利

    第十章  劳动争议

    第十一章  监督检查

    第十二章  法律责任

    第十三章  附  则

     第一章  总  则

    第一条  为了保护劳动者的合法权益，调整劳动关系，建立和维护适应社会主义市场经济的劳动制度，促进经济发展和社会进步，根据宪法，制定本法。

    第二条  在中华人民共和国境内的企业、个体经济组织（以下统称用人单位）和与之形成劳动关系的劳动者，适用本法。

    国家机关、事业组织、社会团体和与之建立劳动合同关系的劳动者，依照本法执行。

    第三条  劳动者享有平等就业和选择职业的权利、取得劳动报酬的权利、休息休假的权利、获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利、接受职业技能培训的权利、享受社会保险和福利的权利、提请劳动争议处理的权利以及法律规定的其他劳动权利。

    劳动者应当完成劳动任务，提高职业技能，执行劳动安全卫生规程，遵守劳动纪律和职业道德。

    第四条  用人单位应当依法建立和完善规章制度，保障劳动者享有劳动权利和履行劳动义务。

    第五条  国家采取各种措施，促进劳动就业，发展职业教育，制定劳动标准，调节社会收入，完善社会保险，协调劳动关系，逐步提高劳动者的生活水平。

    第六条  国家提倡劳动者参加社会义务劳动，开展劳动竞赛和合理化建议活动，鼓励和保护劳动者进行科学研究、技术革新和发明创造，表彰和奖励劳动模范和先进工作者。

    第七条  劳动者有权依法参加和组织工会。

    工会代表和维护劳动者的合法权益，依法独立自主地开展活动。

    第八条  劳动者依照法律规定，通过职工大会、职工代表大会或者其他形式，参与民主管理或者就保护劳动者合法权益与用人单位进行平等协商。

    第九条  国务院劳动行政部门主管全国劳动工作。

    县级以上地方人民政府劳动行政部门主管本行政区域内的劳动工作。

     第二章  促进就业

    第十条  国家通过促进经济和社会发展，创造就业条件，扩大就业机会。

    国家鼓励企业、事业组织、社会团体在法律、行政法规规定的范围内兴办产业或者拓展经营，增加就业。

    国家支持劳动者自愿组织起来就业和从事个体经营实现就业。

    第十一条  地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，发展多种类型的职业介绍机构，提供就业服务。

    第十二条  劳动者就业，不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰不同而受歧视。

    第十三条  妇女享有与男子平等的就业权利。在录用职工时，除国家规定的不适合妇女的工种或者岗位外，不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女或者提高对妇女的录用标准。

    第十四条  残疾人、少数民族人员、退出现役的军人的就业，法律、法规有特别规定的，从其规定。

    第十五条  禁止用人单位招用未满十六周岁的未成年人。

    文艺、体育和特种工艺单位招用未满十六周岁的未成年人，必须依照国家有关规定，履行审批手续，并保障其接受义务教育的权利。

     第三章  劳动合同和集体合同

    第十六条  劳动合同是劳动者与用人单位确立劳动关系、明确双方权利和义务的协议。

    建立劳动关系应当订立劳动合同。

    第十七条订立和变更劳动合同，应当遵循平等自愿、协商一致的原则，不得违反法律、行政法规的规定。

    劳动合同依法订立即具有法律约束力，当事人必须履行劳动合同规定的义务。

    第十八条  下列劳动合同无效：

    （一）违反法律、行政法规的劳动合同；

    （二）采取欺诈、威胁等手段订立的劳动合同。

    无效的劳动合同，从订立的时候起，就没有法律约束力。确认劳动合同部分无效的，如果不影响其余部分的效力，其余部分仍然有效。

    劳动合同的无效，由劳动争议仲裁委员会或者人民法院确认。

    第十九条  劳动合同应当以书面形式订立，并具备以下条款：

    （一）劳动合同期限；

    （二）工作内容；

    （三）劳动保护和劳动条件；

    （四）劳动报酬；

    （五）劳动纪律；

    （六）劳动合同终止的条件；

    （七）违反劳动合同的责任。

    劳动合同除前款规定的必备条款外，当事人可以协商约定其他内容。

    第二十条  劳动合同的期限分为有固定期限、无固定期限和以完成一定的工作为期限。

    劳动者在同一用人单位连续工作满十年以上，当事人双方同意续延劳动合同的，如果劳动者提出订立无固定期限的劳动合同，应当订立无固定期限的劳动合同。

    第二十一条  劳动合同可以约定试用期。试用期最长不得超过六个月。

    第二十二条  劳动合同当事人可以在劳动合同中约定保守用人单位商业秘密的有关事项。

    第二十三条  劳动合同期满或者当事人约定的劳动合同终止条件出现，劳动合同即行终止。

    第二十四条  经劳动合同当事人协商一致，劳动合同可以解除。

    第二十五条  劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同：

    （一）在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的；

    （二）严重违反劳动纪律或者用人单位规章制度的；

    （三）严重失职，营私舞弊，对用人单位利益造成重大损害的；

    （四）被依法追究刑事责任的。

    第二十六条  有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同，但是应当提前三十日以书面形式通知劳动者本人：

    （一）劳动者患病或者非因工负伤，医疗期满后，不能从事原工作也不能从事由用人单位另行安排的工作的；

    （二）劳动者不能胜任工作，经过培训或者调整工作岗位，仍不能胜任工作的；

    （三）劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使原劳动合同无法履行，经当事人协商不能就变更劳动合同达成协议的。

    第二十七条  用人单位濒临破产进行法定整顿期间或者生产经营状况发生严重困难，确需裁减人员的，应当提前三十日向工会或者全体职工说明情况，听取工会或者职工的意见，经向劳动行政部门报告后，可以裁减人员。

    用人单位依据本条规定裁减人员，在六个月内录用人员的，应当优先录用被裁减的人员。

    第二十八条  用人单位依据本法第二十四条、第二十六条、第二十七条的规定解除劳动合同的，应当依照国家有关规定给予经济补偿。

    第二十九条  劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位不得依据本法第二十六条、第二十七条的规定解除劳动合同：

    （一）患职业病或者因工负伤并被确认丧失或者部分丧失劳动能力的；

    （二）患病或者负伤，在规定的医疗期内的；

    （三）女职工在孕期、产期、哺乳期内的；

    （四）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

    第三十条  用人单位解除劳动合同，工会认为不适当的，有权提出意见。如果用人单位违反法律、法规或者劳动合同，工会有权要求重新处理；劳动者申请仲裁或者提起诉讼的，工会应当依法给予支持和帮助。

    第三十一条  劳动者解除劳动合同，应当提前三十日以书面形式通知用人单位。

    第三十二条  有下列情形之一的，劳动者可以随时通知用人单位解除劳动合同：

    （一）在试用期内的；

    （二）用人单位以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动的；

    （三）用人单位未按照劳动合同约定支付劳动报酬或者提供劳动条件的。

    第三十三条  企业职工一方与企业可以就劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、保险福利等事项，签订集体合同。集体合同草案应当提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过。

    集体合同由工会代表职工与企业签订；没有建立工会的企业，由职工推举的代表与企业签订。

    第三十四条  集体合同签订后应当报送劳动行政部门；劳动行政部门自收到集体合同文本之日起十五日内未提出异议的，集体合同即行生效。

    第三十五条  依法签订的集体合同对企业和企业全体职工具有约束力。职工个人与企业订立的劳动合同中劳动条件和劳动报酬等

标准不得低于集体合同的规定。

     第四章  工作时间和休息休假

    第三十六条  国家实行劳动者每日工作时间不超过八小时、平均每周工作时间不超过四十四小时的工时制度。

    第三十七条  对实行计件工作的劳动者，用人单位应当根据本法第三十六条规定的工时制度合理确定其劳动定额和计件报酬标准。

    第三十八条  用人单位应当保证劳动者每周至少休息一日。

    第三十九条  企业因生产特点不能实行本法第三十六条、第三十八条规定的，经劳动行政部门批准，可以实行其他工作和休息办法。

    第四十条  用人单位在下列节日期间应当依法安排劳动者休假：

    （一）元旦；

    （二）春节；

    （三）国际劳动节；

    （四）国庆节；

    （五）法律、法规规定的其他休假节日。

    第四十一条  用人单位由于生产经营需要，经与工会和劳动者协商后可以延长工作时间，一般每日不得超过一小时；因特殊原因需要延长工作时间的，在保障劳动者身体健康的条件下延长工作时间每日不得超过三小时，但是每月不得超过三十六小时。

    第四十二条  有下列情形之一的，延长工作时间不受本法第四十一条的限制：

    （一）发生自然灾害、事故或者因其他原因，威胁劳动者生命健康和财产安全，需要紧急处理的；

    （二）生产设备、交通运输线路、公共设施发生故障，影响生产和公众利益，必须及时抢修的；

    （三）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

    第四十三条  用人单位不得违反本法规定延长劳动者的工作时间。

    第四十四条  有下列情形之一的，用人单位应当按照下列标准支付高于劳动者正常工作时间工资的工资报酬：

    （一）安排劳动者延长工作时间的，支付不低于工资的百分之一百五十的工资报酬；

    （二）休息日安排劳动者工作又不能安排补休的，支付不低于工资的百分之二百的工资报酬；

    （三）法定休假日安排劳动者工作的，支付不低于工资的百分之三百的工资报酬。

    第四十五条  国家实行带薪年休假制度。

    劳动者连续工作一年以上的，享受带薪年休假。具体办法由国务院规定。

     第五章  工  资

    第四十六条  工资分配应当遵循按劳分配原则，实行同工同酬。

    工资水平在经济发展的基础上逐步提高。国家对工资总量实行宏观调控。

    第四十七条  用人单位根据本单位的生产经营特点和经济效益，依法自主确定本单位的工资分配方式和工资水平。

    第四十八条  国家实行最低工资保障制度。最低工资的具体标准由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定，报国务院备案。

    用人单位支付劳动者的工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。

    第四十九条  确定和调整最低工资标准应当综合参考下列因素：

    （一）劳动者本人及平均赡养人口的最低生活费用；

    （二）社会平均工资水平；

    （三）劳动生产率；

    （四）就业状况；

    （五）地区之间经济发展水平的差异。

    第五十条  工资应当以货币形式按月支付给劳动者本人。不得克扣或者无故拖欠劳动者的工资。

第五十一条  劳动者在法定休假日和婚丧假期间以及依法参加社会活动期间，用人单位应当依法支付工资。

     第六章  劳动安全卫生

    第五十二条  用人单位必须建立、健全劳动安全卫生制度，严格执行国家劳动安全卫生规程和标准，对劳动者进行劳动安全卫生教育，防止劳动过程中的事故，减少职业危害。

    第五十三条  劳动安全卫生设施必须符合国家规定的标准。

    新建、改建、扩建工程的劳动安全卫生设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。

    第五十四条  用人单位必须为劳动者提供符合国家规定的劳动安全卫生条件和必要的劳动防护用品，对从事有职业危害作业的劳动者应当定期进行健康检查。

    第五十五条  从事特种作业的劳动者必须经过专门培训并取得特种作业资格。

    第五十六条  劳动者在劳动过程中必须严格遵守安全操作规程。

    劳动者对用人单位管理人员违章指挥、强令冒险作业，有权拒绝执行；对危害生命安全和身体健康的行为，有权提出批评、检举和控告。

    第五十七条  国家建立伤亡事故和职业病统计报告和处理制度。县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门、有关部门和用人单位应当依法对劳动者在劳动过程中发生的伤亡事故和劳动者的职业病状况，进行统计、报告和处理。

     第七章  女职工和未成年工特殊保护

    第五十八条  国家对女职工和未成年工实行特殊劳动保护。

    未成年工是指年满十六周岁未满十八周岁的劳动者。

    第五十九条  禁止安排女职工从事矿山井下、国家规定的第四级体力劳动强度的劳动和其他禁忌从事的劳动。

    第六十条  不得安排女职工在经期从事高处、低温、冷水作业和国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动。

    第六十一条  不得安排女职工在怀孕期间从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和孕期禁忌从事的劳动。对怀孕七个月以上的女职工，不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。

    第六十二条  女职工生育享受不少于九十天的产假。

    第六十三条  不得安排女职工在哺乳未满一周岁的婴儿期间从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和哺乳期禁忌从事的其他劳动，不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。

    第六十四条  不得安排未成年工从事矿山井下、有毒有害、国家规定的第四级体力劳动强度的劳动和其他禁忌从事的劳动。

    第六十五条  用人单位应当对未成年工定期进行健康检查。

     第八章  职业培训

    第六十六条  国家通过各种途径，采取各种措施，发展职业培

训事业，开发劳动者的职业技能，提高劳动者素质，增强劳动者的就业能力和工作能力。

    第六十七条  各级人民政府应当把发展职业培训纳入社会经济发展的规划，鼓励和支持有条件的企业、事业组织、社会团体和个人进行各种形式的职业培训。

    第六十八条  用人单位应当建立职业培训制度，按照国家规定提取和使用职业培训经费，根据本单位实际，有计划地对劳动者进行职业培训。

    从事技术工种的劳动者，上岗前必须经过培训。

    第六十九条  国家确定职业分类，对规定的职业制定职业技能标准，实行职业资格证书制度，由经过政府批准的考核鉴定机构负责对劳动者实施职业技能考核鉴定。

     第九章  社会保险和福利

    第七十条  国家发展社会保险事业，建立社会保险制度，设立社会保险基金，使劳动者在年老、患病、工伤、失业、生育等情况下获得帮助和补偿。

    第七十一条  社会保险水平应当与社会经济发展水平和社会承受能力相适应。

    第七十二条  社会保险基金按照保险类型确定资金来源，逐步实行社会统筹。用人单位和劳动者必须依法参加社会保险，缴纳社会保险费。

    第七十三条  劳动者在下列情形下，依法享受社会保险待遇：

    （一）退休；

    （二）患病、负伤；

    （三）因工伤残或者患职业病；

    （四）失业；

    （五）生育。

    劳动者死亡后，其遗属依法享受遗属津贴。

    劳动者享受社会保险待遇的条件和标准由法律、法规规定。

    劳动者享受的社会保险金必须按时足额支付。

    第七十四条  社会保险基金经办机构依照法律规定收支、管理和运营社会保险基金，并负有使社会保险基金保值增值的责任。

    社会保险基金监督机构依照法律规定，对社会保险基金的收支、管理和运营实施监督。

    社会保险基金经办机构和社会保险基金监督机构的设立和职能由法律规定。

    任何组织和个人不得挪用社会保险基金。

    第七十五条  国家鼓励用人单位根据本单位实际情况为劳动者建立补充保险。

    国家提倡劳动者个人进行储蓄性保险。

    第七十六条  国家发展社会福利事业，兴建公共福利设施，为劳动者休息、休养和疗养提供条件。

    用人单位应当创造条件，改善集体福利，提高劳动者的福利待遇。

     第十章  劳动争议

    第七十七条  用人单位与劳动者发生劳动争议，当事人可以依法申请调解、仲裁、提起诉讼，也可以协商解决。

    调解原则适用于仲裁和诉讼程序。

    第七十八条  解决劳动争议，应当根据合法、公正、及时处理的原则，依法维护劳动争议当事人的合法权益。

    第七十九条  劳动争议发生后，当事人可以向本单位劳动争议调解委员会申请调解；调解不成，当事人一方要求仲裁的，可以向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁。当事人一方也可以直接向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁。对仲裁裁决不服的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

    第八十条  在用人单位内，可以设立劳动争议调解委员会。劳动争议调解委员会由职工代表、用人单位代表和工会代表组成。劳动争议调解委员会主任由工会代表担任。

    劳动争议经调解达成协议的，当事人应当履行。

    第八十一条  劳动争议仲裁委员会由劳动行政部门代表、同级工会代表、用人单位方面的代表组成。劳动争议仲裁委员会主任由劳动行政部门代表担任。

    第八十二条  提出仲裁要求的一方应当自劳动争议发生之日起六十日内向劳动争议仲裁委员会提出书面申请。仲裁裁决一般应在收到仲裁申请的六十日内作出。对仲裁裁决无异议的，当事人必须履行。

    第八十三条  劳动争议当事人对仲裁裁决不服的，可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。一方当事人在法定期限内不起诉又不履行仲裁裁决的，另一方当事人可以申请人民法院强制执行。

    第八十四条  因签订集体合同发生争议，当事人协商解决不成的，当地人民政府劳动行政部门可以组织有关各方协调处理。

    因履行集体合同发生争议，当事人协商解决不成的，可以向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁；对仲裁裁决不服的，可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

     第十一章  监督检查

    第八十五条  县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门依法对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督检查，对违反劳动法律、法规的行为有权制止，并责令改正。

    第八十六条  县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门监督检查人员执行公务，有权进入用人单位了解执行劳动法律、法规的情况，查阅必要的资料，并对劳动场所进行检查。

    县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门监督检查人员执行公务，必须出示证件，秉公执法并遵守有关规定。

    第八十七条  县级以上各级人民政府有关部门在各自职责范围内，对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督。

    第八十八条  各级工会依法维护劳动者的合法权益，对用人单位遵守劳动法律、法规的情况进行监督。

    任何组织和个人对于违反劳动法律、法规的行为有权检举和控告。

     第十二章  法律责任

    第八十九条  用人单位制定的劳动规章制度违反法律、法规规定的，由劳动行政部门给予警告，责令改正；对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。

    第九十条  用人单位违反本法规定，延长劳动者工作时间的，由劳动行政部门给予警告，责令改正，并可以处以罚款。

    第九十一条  用人单位有下列侵害劳动者合法权益情形之一的，由劳动行政部门责令支付劳动者的工资报酬、经济补偿，并可以责令支付赔偿金：

    （一）克扣或者无故拖欠劳动者工资的；

    （二）拒不支付劳动者延长工作时间工资报酬的；

    （三）低于当地最低工资标准支付劳动者工资的；

    （四）解除劳动合同后，未依照本法规定给予劳动者经济补偿的。

    第九十二条  用人单位的劳动安全设施和劳动卫生条件不符合国家规定或者未向劳动者提供必要的劳动防护用品和劳动保护设施的，由劳动行政部门或者有关部门责令改正，可以处以罚款；情节严重的，提请县级以上人民政府决定责令停产整顿；对事故隐患不采取措施，致使发生重大事故，造成劳动者生命和财产损失的，对责任人员比照刑法第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。

    第九十三条  用人单位强令劳动者违章冒险作业，发生重大伤亡事故，造成严重后果的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任。

    第九十四条  用人单位非法招用未满十六周岁的未成年人的，由劳动行政部门责令改正，处以罚款；情节严重的，由工商行政管理部门吊销营业执照。

    第九十五条  用人单位违反本法对女职工和未成年工的保护规定，侵害其合法权益的，由劳动行政部门责令改正，处以罚款；对女职工或者未成年工造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。

    第九十六条  用人单位有下列行为之一，由公安机关对责任人员处以十五日以下拘留、罚款或者警告；构成犯罪的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任：

    （一）以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动的；

    （二）侮辱、体罚、殴打、非法搜查和拘禁劳动者的。

    第九十七条  由于用人单位的原因订立的无效合同，对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。

    第九十八条  用人单位违反本法规定的条件解除劳动合同或者故意拖延不订立劳动合同的，由劳动行政部门责令改正；对劳动者造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。

    第九十九条  用人单位招用尚未解除劳动合同的劳动者，对原用人单位造成经济损失的，该用人单位应当依法承担连带赔偿责任。

    第一百条  用人单位无故不缴纳社会保险费的，由劳动行政部门责令其限期缴纳，逾期不缴的，可以加收滞纳金。

    第一百零一条  用人单位无理阻挠劳动行政部门、有关部门及其工作人员行使监督检查权，打击报复举报人员的，由劳动行政部门或者有关部门处以罚款；构成犯罪的，对责任人员依法追究刑事责任。

    第一百零二条  劳动者违反本法规定的条件解除劳动合同或者违反劳动合同中约定的保密事项，对用人单位造成经济损失的，应当依法承担赔偿责任。

    第一百零三条  劳动行政部门或者有关部门的工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予行政处分。

    第一百零四条  国家工作人员和社会保险基金经办机构的工作人员挪用社会保险基金，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

    第一百零五条  违反本法规定侵害劳动者合法权益，其他法律、法规已规定处罚的，依照该法律、行政法规的规定处罚。

     第十三章  附  则

    第一百零六条  省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据本法和本地区的实际情况，规定劳动合同制度的实施步骤，报国务院备案。

    第一百零七条  本法自1995年1月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国劳动法（英文版）

www.economiclaw.com.cn  2002-9-22  经法网

Labour Act. Dated 5 July 1994.

(China Daily, 6 July 1994, p. 2.) Table of contents

CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT

CHAPTER III. LABOUR CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS

CHAPTER V. WAGES

CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

CHAPTER VII. SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR FEMALE STAFF AND JUVENILE WORKERS

CHAPTER VIII. VOCATIONAL TRAINING

CHAPTER IX. SOCIAL INSURANCE AND WELFARE

CHAPTER X. LABOUR DISPUTES

CHAPTER XI. SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION

CHAPTER XII. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

CHAPTER XIII. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, readjust labour relationship, establish and safeguard a labour system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress.

Section 2. This Law applies to all enterprises and individual economic organizations (hereafter referred to as employing units) within the boundary of the People's Republic of China, and labourers who form a labour relationship therewith.

State organs, institutional organizations and societies as well as labourers who form a labour contract relationship therewith shall follow this Law.

Section 3. Labourers shall have the right to be employed on an equal basis, choose occupations, obtain remuneration for their labour, take rest, have holidays and leaves, obtain protection of occupational safety and health, receive training in vocational skills, enjoy social insurance and welfare, and submit applications for settlement of labour disputes, and other rights relating to labour as stipulated by law.

Labourers shall fulfil their labour tasks , improve their vocational skills, follow rules on occupational safety and health, and observe labour discipline and professional ethics.

Section 4. The employing units shall establish and perfect rules and regulations in accordance with the law so as to ensure that labourers enjoy the right to work and fulfil labour obligations.

Section 5. The State shall take various measures to promote employment, develop vocational education, lay down labour standards, regulate social incomes, perfect social insurance system, coordinate labour relationship, and gradually raise the living standard of labourers.

Section 6. The State shall advocate the participation of labourers in social voluntary labour and the development of their labour competitions and activities of forwarding rational proposals, encourage and protect the scientific research and technical renovation engaged by labourers, as well as their inventions and creations; and commend and award labour models and advanced workers.

Section 7. Labourers shall have the right to participate in and organize trade unions in accordance with the law.

Trade Unions shall represent and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, and independently conduct their activities in accordance with the law.

Section 8. Labourers shall, through the assembly of staff and workers or their congress, or other forms in accordance with the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, take part in democratic management or consult with the employing units on an equal footing about protection of the legitimate rights and interests of labourers.

Section 9. The labour administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the management of labour of the whole country.

The labour administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the management of labour in the administrative areas under their respective jurisdiction.

CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT

Section 10. The State shall create conditions for employment and increase opportunities for employment by means of the promotion of economic and social development.

The State shall encourage enterprises, institutional organizations, and societies to initiate industries or expand businesses for the increase of employment within the scope of the stipulation of laws, and administrative rules and regulations.

The State shall support labourers to get jobs by organizing themselves on a voluntary basis or by engaging in individual businesses.

Section 11. Local people's governments in various levels shall take measures to develop various kinds of job-introduction agencies and provide employment services.

Section 12. Labourers shall not be discriminated against in employment, regardless of their ethnic community, race, sex, or religious belief.

Section 13. Females shall enjoy equal rights as males in employment. It shall not be allowed, in the recruitment of staff and workers, to use sex as a protext for excluding females from employment or to raise recruitment standards for the females, except for the types of work or posts that are not suitable for females as stipulated by the State.

Section 14. Where there are special stipulations in laws, rules and regulations on the employment of the disabled, the personnel of national minorities, and demobilized army men, such special stipulations shall apply.

Section 15. No employing units shall be allowed to recruit juveniles under the age of 16.

Units of literature and art, physical culture and sport, and special arts and crafts that need to recruit juveniles under the age of 16 must go through the formalities of examination and approval according to the relevant provisions of the State and guarantee their right to compulsory education.

CHAPTER III. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS

Section 16. A labour contract is the agreement reached between a labourer and an employing unit for the establishment of the labour relationship and the definition of the rights, interests and obligations of each party.

A labour contract shall be concluded where a labour relationship is to be established.

Section 17. Conclusion and modification of a labour contract shall follow the principles of equality, voluntariness and unanimity through consultation, and shall not run counter to the stipulations of laws, administrative rules and regulations.

A labour contract once concluded in accordance with the law shall possess legal binding force. The parties involved must fulfil the obligations stipulated in the labour contract.

Section 18. The following labour contracts shall be invalid:

(1) labour contracts concluded in violation of laws, administrative rules and regulations; and

(2) labour contracts concluded by resorting to such measures as cheating and intimidation.

An invalid labour contract shall have no legal binding force from the very beginning of its conclusion. Where a part of a labour contract is confirmed as invalid and where the validity of the remaining part is not affected, the remaining part hall remain valid.

The invalidity of a labour contract shall be confirmed by a labour dispute arbitration committee or a people's court.

Section 19. A labour contract shall be concluded in written form and contain the following clauses:

(1) term of labour contract;

(2) contracts of work;

(3) labour protection and working conditions;

(4) labour remuneration;

(5) labour disciplines;

(6) conditions for the termination of a labour contract; and

(7) responsibility for the violation of a labour contract.

Apart from the required clauses specified in the preceding paragraph, other contents in a labour contract may be agreed upon through consultation by the parties involved.

Section 20. The term of a labour contract shall be divided into fixed term, flexible term or taking the completion of a specific amount of work as a term.

In case a labourer has kept working in a same employing unit for ten years or more and the parties involved agree to extend the term of the labour contract, a labour contract with a flexible term shall be concluded between them if the labourer so requested.

Section 21. A probation period may be agreed upon in a labour contract. The longest probation period shall not exceed six months.

Section 22. The parties involved in a labour contract may reach an agreement in their labour contract on matters concerning keeping the commercial secrets of the employing unit.

Section 23. A labour contract shall terminate upon the expiration of its term or the emergence of the conditions for the termination of the labour contract as agreed upon by the parties involved.

Section 24. A labour contract may be revoked upon agreement reached between the parties involved through consultation.

Section 25. The employing unit may revoke the labour contract with a labourer in any of the following circumstances:

(1) to be proved not up to the requirements for recruitment during the probation period;

(2) to seriously violate labour disciplines or the rules and regulations of the employing unit;

(3) to cause great losses to the employing unit due to serious dereliction of duty or engagement in malpractice for selfish ends; and

(4) to be investigated for criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law.

Section 26. In any of the following circumstances, the employing unit may revoke a labour contract but a written notification shall be given to the labourer 30 days in advance;

(1) where a labourer is unable to take up his original work or any new work arranged by the employing unit after the completion of his medical treatment for illness or injury not suffered at work;

(2) when a labourer is unqualified for his work and remains unqualified even after receiving a training or an adjustment to any other work post; and

(3) no agreement on modification of the labour contract can be reached through consultation by the parties involved when the objective conditions taken as the basis for the conclusion of the contract have greatly changed so that the original labour contract can no longer be carried out.

Section 27. During the period of statutory consolidation when the employing unit comes to the brink of bankruptcy or runs into difficulties in production and management, and if reduction of its personnel becomes really necessary, the unit may make such reduction after it has explained the situation to the trade union or all of its staff and workers 30 days in advance, solicited opinions from them and reported to the labour administrative department.

Where the employing unit is to recruit personnel six months after the personnel reduction effected according to the stipulations of this section, the reduced personnel shall have the priority to be re-employed.

Section 28. The employing unit shall make economic compensations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State if it revokes its labour contracts according to the stipulations in section 24, section 26 and section 27 of this Law.

Section 29. The employing unit shall not revoke its labour contract with a labourer in accordance with the stipulations in section 26 and section 27 of this Law in any of the following circumstances:

(1) to be confirmed to have totally or partially lost the ability to work due to occupational diseases or injuries suffered at work;

(2) to be receiving medical treatment for diseases or injuries within the prescribed period of time;

(3) to be a female staff member or worker during pregnant, puerperal, or breast-feeding period; or

(4) other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.

Section 30. The trade union of an employing unit shall have the right to air its opinions if it regards as inappropriate the revocation of a labour contract by the unit. If the employing unit violates laws, rules and regulations or labour contracts, the trade union shall have the right to request for reconsideration. Where the labourer applies for arbitration or brings in a lawsuit, the trade union shall render him support and assistance in accordance with the law.

Section 31. A labourer who intends to revoke his labour contract shall give a written notice to the employing unit 30 days in advance.

Section 32. A labourer may notify at any time the employing unit of his decision to revoke the labour contract in any of the following circumstances:

(1) within the probation period;

(2) where the employing unit forces the labourer to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or

(3) failure on the part of the employing unit to pay labour remuneration or to provide working conditions as agreed upon in the labour contract.

Section 33. The staff and workers of an enterprise as one party may conclude a collective contract with the enterprise on matters relating to labour remuneration, working hours, rest and vacations, occupational safety and health, and insurance and welfare. The draft collective contract shall be submitted to the congress of the staff and workers or to all the staff and workers for discussion and adoption.

A collective contract shall be concluded by the trade union on behalf of the staff and workers with the enterprise; in enterprise where the trade union has not yet been set up, such contract shall be also concluded by the representatives elected by the staff and workers with the enterprise.

Section 34. A collective contract shall be submitted to the labour administrative department after its conclusion. The collective contract shall go into effect automatically if no objections are raised by the labour administrative department within 15 days from the date of the receipt of a copy of the contract.

Section 35. Collective contracts concluded in accordance with the law shall have binding force to both the enterprise and all of its staff and workers. The standards on working conditions and labour payments agreed upon in labour contracts concluded between individual labourers and the enterprise shall not be lower than those as stipulated in collective contracts.

CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS

Section 36. The State shall practice a working hour system under which labourers shall work for no more than eight hours a day and or more than 44 hours a week on average.

Section 37. In case of labourers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in section 36 of this Law.

Section 38. The employing unit shall guarantee that its staff and workers have at least one day off in a week.

Section 39. Where an enterprise cannot follow the stipulations in section 36 and section 38 of this Law due to its special production nature, it may adopt other rules on working hours and rest with the approval of the labour administrative department.

Section 40. The employing unit shall arrange holidays for labourers in accordance with the law during the following festivals:

(1) the New Year's Day;

(2) the Spring Festival;

(3) the International Labour Day;

(4) the National Day; and

(5) other holidays stipulated by laws and regulations.

Section 41. The employing unit may extend working hours due to the requirements of its production or business after consultation with the trade union and labourers, but the extended working hour for a day shall generally not exceed one hour; if such extension is called for due to special reasons, the extended hours shall not exceed three hours a day under the condition that the health of labourers is guaranteed. However, the total extension in a month shall not exceed 36 hours.

Section 42. The extension of working hours shall not be subject to restriction of the provisions of section 41 of this Law under any of the following circumstances:

(1) where emergent dealing is needed in the event of natural disaster, accident or other reason that threatens the life, health and the safety of property of labourers;

(2) where prompt rush repair is needed in the event of breakdown of production equipment, transportation, lines or public facilities that affects production and public interests; and

(3) other circumstances as stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.

Section 43. The employing unit shall not extend working hours of labourers in violation of the provisions of this Law.

Section 44. The employing unit shall, according to the following standards, pay labourers remunerations higher than those for normal working hours under any of the following circumstances;

(1) to pay no less than 150 per cent of the normal wages if the extension of working hours is arranged;

(2) to pay no less than 200 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on days of rest and no deferred rest can be taken; and

(3) to pay no less than 300 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on statutory holidays.

Section 45. The State shall practice a system of annual vacation with pay.

Labourers who have kept working for one year and more shall be entitled to annual vacation with pay. The concrete measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

CHAPTER V. WAGES

Section 46. The distribution of wages shall follow the principle of distribution according to work and equal pay for equal work.

The level of wages shall be gradually raised on the basis of economic development. The State shall exercise macro-regulations and control over the total wages.

Section 47. The employing unit shall independently determine its form of wage distribution and wage level for its own unit according to law and based on the characteristics of its production and business and economic results.

Section 48. The State shall implement a system of guaranteed minimum wages. Specific standards on minimum wages shall be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and reported to the State Council for the record.

Wages paid to labourers by the employing unit shall not be lower than the local standards on minimum wages.

Section 49. The determination and readjustment of the standards on minimum wages shall be made with reference to the following factors in a comprehensive manner:

(1) the lowest living expenses of labourers themselves and the average family members they support;

(2) the average wage level of the society as a whole;

(3) labour productivity;

(4) the situation of employment; and

(5) the different levels of economic development between regions.

Section 50. Wages shall be paid monthly to labourers themselves in form of currency. The wages paid to labourers shall not be deducted or delayed without justification.

Section 51. The employing unit shall pay wages to labourers who observe statutory holidays, take leaves during the periods of marriage or funeral, or participate in social activities in accordance with the law.

CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Section 52. The employing unit must establish and perfect the system for occupational safety and health, strictly implement the rules and standards of the State on occupational safety and health, educate labourers on occupational safety and health, prevent accidents in the process of work, and reduce occupational hazards.

     第六章  劳动安全卫生

    第五十二条  用人单位必须建立、健全劳动安全卫生制度，严格执行国家劳动安全卫生规程和标准，对劳动者进行劳动安全卫生教育，防止劳动过程中的事故，减少职业危害。

Section 53. Facilities of occupational safety and health must meet the standards stipulated by the State.

Facilities of occupational safety and health installed in new projects and projects to be rebuilt or expanded must be designed, constructed and put into operation and use at the same time as the main projects.

Section 54. The employing unit must provide labourers with occupational safety and health conditions conforming to the provisions of the State and necessary articles of labour protection, and provide regular health examination for labourers engaged in work with occupational hazards.

Section 55. Labourers to be engaged in specialized operations must receive specialized training and acquire qualifications for such special operations.

Section 56. Labourers must strictly abide by rules of safe operation in the process of their work.

Labourers shall have the right to refuse to operate if the management personnel of the employing unit command the operation in violation of rules and regulations or force labourers to run risks in operation; labourers shall have the right to criticize, report or file charges against the acts endangering the safety of their life and health.

Section 57. The State shall establish a system for the statistics, reports and dispositions of accidents of injuries and deaths, and cases of occupational diseases. The labour administrative departments and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level and the employing unit shall, according to law, compile statistics, report and dispose of accidents of injuries and deaths that occurred in the process of their work and cases of occupational diseases.

    第五十三条  劳动安全卫生设施必须符合国家规定的标准。

    新建、改建、扩建工程的劳动安全卫生设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。

    第五十四条  用人单位必须为劳动者提供符合国家规定的劳动安全卫生条件和必要的劳动防护用品，对从事有职业危害作业的劳动者应当定期进行健康检查。

    第五十五条  从事特种作业的劳动者必须经过专门培训并取得特种作业资格。

    第五十六条  劳动者在劳动过程中必须严格遵守安全操作规程。

    劳动者对用人单位管理人员违章指挥、强令冒险作业，有权拒绝执行；对危害生命安全和身体健康的行为，有权提出批评、检举和控告。

    第五十七条  国家建立伤亡事故和职业病统计报告和处理制度。县级以上各级人民政府劳动行政部门、有关部门和用人单位应当依法对劳动者在劳动过程中发生的伤亡事故和劳动者的职业病状况，进行统计、报告和处理。

CHAPTER VII. SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR FEMALE AND JUVENILE WORKERS

Section 58. The State shall provide female workers and juvenile workers with special protection.

"Juvenile workers" hereby refer to labourers at the age of 16 but not 18 yet.

Section 59. It is prohibited to arrange female workers to engage in work down the pit of mines, or work with Grade IV physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State, or other work that female workers should avoid.

Section 60. Female workers during their menstrual period shall not be arranged to engage in work high above the ground, under low temperature, or in cold water or work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State.

Section 61. Female workers during their pregnancy shall not be arranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State or other work that they should avoid in pregnancy. Female workers pregnant for seven months or more shall not be arranged to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.

Section 62. After childbirth, female workers shall be entitled to no less than 90 days of maternity leaves with pay.

Section 63. Female workers during the period of breast-feeding their babies less than one year old shall not be arranged to engage in work with Grade III physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State or other labour that they should avoid during their breast-feeding period, or to extend their working hours or to work night shifts.

Section 64. No juvenile workers shall be arranged to engage in work down the pit of mines, work that is poisonous or harmful, work with Grade IV physical labour intensity as stipulated by the State, or other work that they should avoid.

Section 65. The employing unit shall provide regular physical examinations to juvenile workers.

CHAPTER VIII. VOCATIONAL TRAINING

Section 66. The State shall take various measures through various channels to expand vocational training undertakings so as to develop professional skills of labourers, improve their qualities, and raise their employment capability and work ability.

Section 67. People's governments at various levels shall incorporate the development of vocational training in the plans of social and economic development, encourage and support all enterprises, institutional organizations, societies and individuals, where conditions permit, to sponsor all kinds of vocational training.

Section 68. The employing unit shall establish a system for vocational training, raise and use funds for vocational training in accordance with the provisions of the State, and provide labourers with vocational training in a planned way and in the light of the actual situation of the unit.

Labourers to be engaged in technical work must receive pre-job training before taking up their posts.

Section 69. The State shall determine occupational classification, set up professional skill standards for the occupations classified, and practise a system of vocational qualification certificates. Examination and verification organizations authorized by the Government are in charge of the examination and verification of the professional skills of labourers.

CHAPTER IX. SOCIAL INSURANCE AND WELFARE

Section 70. The State shall develop social insurance undertakings, establish a social insurance system, and set up social insurance funds so that labourers may receive assistance and compensations under such circumstances as old age, illness, work-related injury, unemployment and child bearing.

Section 71. The level of social insurance shall be in proportion to the level of social and economic development and the social affordability.

Section 72. The sources of social insurance funds shall be determined according to the categories of insurance, and an overall pooling of insurance funds from the society shall be introduced step by step. The employing unit and labourers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law.

Section 73. Labourers shall, in accordance with the law, enjoy social insurance benefits under the following circumstances:

(1) retirement;

(2) illness or injury;

(3) disability caused by work-related injury or occupational disease;

(4) unemployment; and

(5) child bearing.

The survivors of the insured labourers shall be entitled to subsidies for survivors in accordance with the law.

The conditions and standards for labourers to enjoy social insurance benefits shall be stipulated by laws, rules and regulations.

The social insurance amount that labourers are entitled to must be timely paid in full.

Section 74. The agencies in charge of social insurance funds shall collect, expend, manage and operate the funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws, and assume the responsibility to maintain and raise the value of those funds.

The supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall exercise supervision over the revenue and expenditure, management and operation of social insurance funds in accordance with the stipulations of laws.

The establishment and function of the agencies in charge of social insurance funds and the supervisory organizations of social insurance funds shall be stipulated by laws.

No organization or individual shall be allowed to misappropriate social insurance funds.

Section 75. The State shall encourage the employing unit to up supplementary insurance for labourers according to its practical situations.

The State shall advocate that labourers practise individual insurance in form of saving account.

Section 76. The State shall develop social welfare undertakings, construct public welfare facilities, and provide labourers with conditions for taking rest, recuperation and rehabilitation.

The employing unit shall create conditions so as to improve collective welfare and raise welfare treatment of labourers.

CHAPTER X. LABOUR DISPUTES

Section 77. Where a labour dispute between the employing unit and labourers takes place, the parties concerned may apply for mediation or arbitration or take legal proceedings according to law, or may seek for a settlement through consultation. The principle of mediation shall apply to the procedures of arbitration and lawsuit.

Section 78. The settlement of a labour dispute shall follow the principle of legality, fairness and promptness to so as to safeguard in accordance with the law the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved.

Section 79. Where a labour dispute takes place, the parties involved may apply to the labour dispute mediation committee of their unit for mediation; if the mediation falls and one of the parties requests for arbitration, that party may apply to the labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. If one of the parties is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration, the party may bring the case to a people's court.

Section 80. A labour dispute mediation committee may be established inside the employing unit. The committee shall be composed of representatives of the staff and workers, representatives of the employing unit, and representatives of the trade union. The chairman of the committee shall be held by a representative of the trade union.

Agreements reached on labour disputes through mediation shall be implemented by the parties involved.

Section 81. A labour dispute arbitration committee shall be composed of representatives of the labour administrative department, representatives from the trade union at the corresponding level, and representatives of the employing unit. The chairman of the committee shall be held by a representative of the labour administrative department.

Section 82. The party that requests for arbitration shall file a written application to a labour dispute arbitration committee within 60 days starting from the date of the occurrence of a labour dispute. The arbitration committee may generally make an adjudication within 60 days from the date of receiving the application. The parties involved must implement the adjudication if no objections are raised.

Section 83. Where a party involved in a labour dispute is not satisfied with the adjudication, the party may bring a lawsuit to a people's court within 15 days from the date of receiving the ruling of arbitration. Where one of the parties involved neither brings a lawsuit nor implements the adjudication of arbitration within the statutory time limit, the other party may apply to a people's court for compulsory implementation.

Section 84. Where a dispute arises from the conclusion of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned, the labour administrative department of the local people's government may organize the relevant departments to handle the case in coordination.

Where a dispute arises from the implementation of a collective contract and no settlement can be reached through consultation by the parties concerned, the dispute may be submitted to the labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration. Any party that is not satisfied with the adjudication of arbitration may bring a lawsuit to a people's court within 15 days from the date of receiving the adjudication.

CHAPTER XI. SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION

Section 85. The labour administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the law, supervise and inspect the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing unit, and have the power to stop any acts that run counter to laws, rules and regulations on labour and order the rectification thereof.

Section 86. The inspectors from the labour administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall, while performing their public duties, have the right to enter the employing units to make investigations about the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour, examine necessary date and inspect labour sites.

The inspectors from the labour administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level must show their certifications while performing public duties, impartially enforce laws, and abide by relevant stipulations.

Section 87. Relevant departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall, within the scope of their respective duties and responsibilities, supervise the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing units.

Section 88. Trade union at various levels shall, in accordance with the law, safeguard he legitimate rights and interests of labourers, and supervise the implementation of laws, rules and regulations on labour by the employing units.

Any organizations or individuals shall have the right to expose and accuse any acts in violation of laws, rules and regulations on labour.

CHAPTER XII. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

Section 89. Where the rules and regulations on labour formulated by the employing unit run counter to the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, the labour administrative department shall give a warning to the unit, order it to make corrections; where any harms have been caused to labourers, the unit shall be liable for compensations.

Section 90. Where the employing unit extends working hours of labourers in violation of the stipulations of this Law, the labour administrative department shall give it a warning, order it to make corrections, and may impose a fine.

Section 91. Where an employing unit infringes in any of the following ways the legitimate rights and interests of labourers, the labour administrative department shall order it to pay labourers remuneration or to make up for economic losses, and may also order it to pay compensations:

(1) to deduct wages or delay in paying wages to labourers without reason;

(2) to refuse to pay labourers remuneration for the extended working hours;

(3) to pay labourers wages below the local standard on minimum wages; or

(4) to fail to provide labourers with economic compensations in accordance with the provisions of this Law after revocation of labour contracts.

Section 92. Where the occupational safety facilities and health conditions of an employing unit do not comply with the provisions of the State or the unit falls to provide labourers with necessary labour protection articles and labour protection facilities the labour administrative department or other relevant departments shall order it to make corrections, and may impose a fine. If circumstances are serious, the above said departments shall apply to a people's government at or above the county level for a decision to order the unit to stop production for consolidation. If the unit fails to take measures against potential accident which later loads to the occurrence of a serious accident and the losses of labourers' lives and properties, criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the persons in charge mutatis mutandis the stipulations of section 187 of the Criminal Law.

Section 93. Where an employing unit forces labourers to operate with risks in violation of the rules and regulations, causing thus major accident of injuries and deaths, and serious consequences, criminal responsibilities of the person in charge shall be investigated according to law.

Section 94. Where an employing unit illegally recruits juveniles under the age of 16, the labour administrative department shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine. If circumstances are serious, the administrative department for industry and commerce shall revoke its business license.

Section 95. Where an employing unit encroaches upon the legitimate rights and interests of female and juvenile workers in violation of the stipulations of this Law on their protection, the labour administrative department shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine. If harms to female and juvenile workers have been caused, the unit shall assume the responsibility for compensations.

Section 96. Where an employing unit commits one of the following acts, the person in charge shall be taken by a public security organ into custody for 15 days or less, or fined, or given a warning; and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated against the person in charge according to law if the act constitutes a crime:

(1) to force labourers to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or

(2) humiliating, giving corporal punishment, beating, illegally searching or detaining labourers.

Section 97. The employing unit shall bear the responsibility for compensation if the conclusion of any invalid contracts is attributed to the unit and have caused damages to labourers.

Section 98. The employing unit that revokes labour contracts or purposely delays the conclusion of labour contracts in violation of the conditions specified in this Law shall be ordered by the labour administrative department to make corrections and shall bear the responsibility for compensation if damages have been caused to labourers.

Section 99. The employing unit that recruits labourers whose labour contracts have not yet been revoked shall, according to law, assume joint responsibility for compensation if economic losses have been caused to the original employing unit of the labourers.

Section 100. The employing unit that fails to pay social insurance premium without reason shall be ordered by the labour administrative department to pay within fixed period of time. If the unit still fails to make the payment beyond the time limit, an additional arrear payment may be demanded.

Section 101. Where an employing unit unjustifiably obstructs the labour administrative department and other relevant departments as well as their functionaries from exercising the powers of supervision and inspection or retaliates informers, the labour administrative department or other relevant departments shall impose fines upon the unit. If a crime is constituted, the person in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law.

Section 102. Labourers who revoke labour contracts in violation of the conditions specified in this Law or violate terms on secret-keeping matters agreed upon in the labour contracts and thus have caused economic losses to the employing unit shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the law.

Section 103. The functionaries of the labour administrative department or other relevant departments who abuse their functions and powers, neglect their duties, and engage in malpractices for selfish ends, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted, or shall be given an administrative sanction if the offenses do not yet constitute a crime.

Section 104. The functionaries of the State or the agencies in charge of social insurance funds who misappropriate the social insurance funds, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law if a crime is constituted.

Section 105. Where other laws or administrative rules and regulations have already specified punishments for the encroachment of the legitimate rights and interests of labourers that also violate the stipulations of this Law, punishments shall be given in accordance with the stipulations of those laws or administrative rules and regulations.

CHAPTER XIII. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Section 106. People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall work out the implementing measures for the labour contract system according to this Law and in light of their local conditions, and report the measures to the State Council for the record.

Section 107. This Law shall become effective as of 1 January 1995.

劳动部关于《关于贯彻执行〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉若干问题的意见》

【失效日期】

【颁布单位】 劳动部

【颁布日期】1995.08.04

【时效性】有效

【实施日期】1995.08.04

【正文】     通知

    各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市劳动（劳动人事）厅（局）、国务院有关部门、解放军总后勤部生产管理部：

    现将《关于贯彻执行〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉若干问题的意见》印发给你们，请遵照执行。

     附：关于贯彻执行《中华人民共和国劳动法》若干问题的意见

    《中华人民共和国劳动法》（以下简称劳动法）已于一九九五年一月一日起施行，现就劳动法在贯彻执行中遇到的若干问题提出以下意见。

    一、适用范围

    １．劳动法第二条中的“个体经济组织”是指一般雇工在七人以下的个体工商户。

    ２．中国境内的企业、个体经济组织与劳动者之间，只要形成劳动关系，即劳动者事实上已成为企业、个体经济组织的成员，并为其提供有偿劳动，适用劳动法。

    ３．国家机关、事业组织、社会团体实行劳动合同制度的以及按规定应实行劳动合同制度的工勤人员；实行企业化管理的事业组织的人员；其他通过劳动合同与国家机关、事业组织、社会团体建立劳动关系的劳动者，适用劳动法。

    ４．公务员和比照实行公务员制度的事业组织和社会团体的工作人员，以及农村劳动者（乡镇企业职工和进城务工、经商的农民除外）、现役军人和家庭保姆等不适用劳动法。

    ５．中国境内的企业、个体经济组织在劳动法中被称为用人单位。国家机关、事业组织、社会团体和与之建立劳动合同关系的劳动者依照劳动法执行。根据劳动法的这一规定，国家机关、事业组织、社会团体应当视为用人单位。

    二、劳动合同和集体合同

    （一）劳动合同的订立

    ６．用人单位应与其富余人员、放长假的职工，签订劳动合同，但其劳动合同与在岗职工的劳动合同在内容上可以有所区别。用人单位与劳动者经协商一致可以在劳动合同中就不在岗期间的有关事项作出规定。

    ７．用人单位应与其长期被外单位借用的人员、带薪上学人员、以及其他非在岗但仍保持劳动关系的人员签订劳动合同，但在外借和上学期间，劳动合同中的某些相关条款经双方协商可以变更。

    ８．请长病假的职工，在病假期间与原单位保持着劳动关系，用人单位应与其签订劳动合同。

    ９．原固定工中经批准的停薪留职人员，愿意回原单位继续工作的，原单位应与其签订劳动合同；不愿回原单位继续工作的，原单位可以与其解除劳动关系。

    １０．根据劳动部《实施〈劳动法〉中有关劳动合同问题的解答》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２０２号）的规定，党委书记、工会主席等党群专职人员也是职工的一员，依照劳动法的规定，与用人单位签订劳动合同。对于有特殊规定的，可以按有关规定办理。

    １１．根据劳动部《实施〈劳动法〉中有关劳动合同问题的解答》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２０２号）的规定，经理由其上级部门聘任（委任）的，应与聘任（委任）部门签订劳动合同。实行公司制的经理和有关经营管理人员，应依据《中华人民共和国公司法》的规定与董事会签订劳动合同。

    １２．在校生利用业余时间勤工助学，不视为就业，未建立劳动关系，可以不签订劳动合同。

    １３．用人单位发生分立或合并后，分立或合并后的用人单位可依据其实际情况与原用人单位的劳动者遵循平等自愿、协商一致的原则变更原劳动合同。

    １４．派出到合资、参股单位的职工如果与原单位仍保持着劳动关系，应当与原单位签订劳动合同，原单位可就劳动合同的有关内容在与合资、参股单位订立的劳务合同时，明确职工的工资、保险、福利、休假等有关待遇。

    １５．租赁经营（生产）、承包经营（生产）的企业，所有权并没有发生改变，法人名称未变，在与职工订立劳动合同时，该企业仍为用人单位一方。依据租赁合同或承包合同，租赁人、承包人如果作为该企业的法定代表人或者该法定代表人的授权委托人时，可代表该企业（用人单位）与劳动者订立劳动合同。

    １６．用人单位与劳动者签订劳动合同时，劳动合同可以由用人单位拟定，也可以由双方当事人共同拟定，但劳动合同必须经双方当事人协商一致后才能签订，职工被迫签订的劳动合同或未经协商一致签订的劳动合同为无效劳动合同。

    １７．用人单位与劳动者之间形成了事实劳动关系，而用人单位故意拖延不订立劳动合同，劳动行政部门应予以纠正。用人单位因此给劳动者造成损害的，应按劳动部《违反〈劳动法〉有关劳动合同规定的赔偿办法》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２２３号）的规定进行赔偿。

    （二）劳动合同的内容

    １８．劳动者被用人单位录用后，双方可以在劳动合同中约定试用期，试用期应包括在劳动合同期限内。

    １９．试用期是用人单位和劳动者为相互了解、选择而约定的不超过六个月的考察期。一般对初次就业或再次就业的职工可以约定。在原固定工进行劳动合同制度的转制过程中，用人单位与原固定工签订劳动合同时，可以不再约定试用期。

    ２０．无固定期限的劳动合同是指不约定终止日期的劳动合同。按照平等自愿、协商一致的原则，用人单位和劳动者只要达成一致，无论初次就业的，还是由固定工转制的，都可以签订无固定期限的劳动合同。

    无固定期限的劳动合同不得将法定解除条件约定为终止条件，以规避解除劳动合同时用人单位应承担支付给劳动者经济补偿的义务。

    ２１．用人单位经批准招用农民工，其劳动合同期限可以由用人单位和劳动者协商确定。

    从事矿山井下以及在其他有害身体健康的工种、岗位工作的农民工，实行定期轮换制度，合同期限最长不超过八年。

    ２２．劳动法第二十条中的“在同一用人单位连续工作满十年以上”是指劳动者与同一用人单位签订的劳动合同的期限不间断达到十年，劳动合同期满双方同意续订劳动合同时，只要劳动者提出签订无固定期限劳动合同的，用人单位应当与其签订无固定期限的劳动合同。在固定工转制中各地如有特殊规定的，从其规定。

    ２３．用人单位用于劳动者职业技能培训费用的支付和劳动者违约时培训费的赔偿可以在劳动合同中约定，但约定劳动者违约时负担的培训费和赔偿金的标准不得违反劳动部《违反〈劳动法〉有关劳动合同规定的赔偿办法》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２２３号）等有关规定。

    ２４．用人单位在与劳动者订立劳动合同时，不得以任何形式向劳动者收取定金、保证金（物）或抵押金（物）。对违反以上规定的，应按照劳动部、公安部、全国总工会《关于加强外商投资企业和私营企业劳动管理切实保障职工合法权益的通知》（劳部发〔１９９４〕１１８号）和劳动部办公厅《对“关于国有企业和集体所有制企业能否参照执行劳部发〔１９９４〕１１８号文件中的有关规定的请示”的复函》（劳办发〔１９９４〕２５６号）的规定，由公安部门和劳动行政部门责令用人单位立即退还给劳动者本人。

    （三）经济性裁员

    ２５．依据劳动法第二十七条和劳动部《企业经济性裁减人员规定》（劳部发〔１９９４〕４４７号）第四条的规定，用人单位确需裁减人员，应按下列程序进行：

    （１）提前三十日向工会或全体职工说明情况，并提供有关生产经营状况的资料；

    （２）提出裁减人员方案，内容包括：被裁减人员名单、裁减时间及实施步骤，符合法律、法规规定和集体合同约定的被裁减人员的经济补偿办法；

    （３）将裁减人员方案征求工会或者全体职工的意见，并对方案进行修改和完善；

    （４）向当地劳动行政部门报告裁减人员方案以及工会或者全体职工的意见，并听取劳动行政部门的意见；

    （５）由用人单位正式公布裁减人员方案，与被裁减人员办理解除劳动合同手续，按照有关规定向被裁减人员本人支付经济补偿金，并出具裁减人员证明书。

    （四）劳动合同的解除和无效劳动合同

    ２６．劳动合同的解除是指劳动合同订立后，尚未全部履行以前，由于某种原因导致劳动合同一方或双方当事人提前消灭劳动关系的法律行为。劳动合同的解除分为法定解除和约定解除两种。根据劳动法的规定，劳动合同既可以由单方依法解除，也可以双方协商解除。劳动合同的解除，只对未履行的部分发生效力，不涉及已履行的部分。

    ２７．无效劳动合同是指所订立的劳动合同不符合法定条件，不能发生当事人预期的法律后果的劳动合同。劳动合同的无效由人民法院或劳动争议仲裁委员会确认，不能由合同双方当事人决定。

    ２８．劳动者涉嫌违法犯罪被有关机关收容审查、拘留或逮捕的，用人单位在劳动者被限制人身自由期间，可与其暂时停止劳动合同的履行。

    暂时停止履行劳动合同期间，用人单位不承担劳动合同规定的相应义务。劳动者经证明被错误限制人身自由的，暂时停止履行劳动合同期间劳动者的损失，可由其依据《国家赔偿法》要求有关部门赔偿。

    ２９．劳动者被依法追究刑事责任的，用人单位可依据劳动法第二十五条解除劳动合同。

    “被依法追究刑事责任”是指：被人民检察院免予起诉的、被人民法院判处刑罚的、被人民法院依据刑法第三十二条免予刑事处分的。

    劳动者被人民法院判处拘役、三年以下有期徒刑缓刑的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同。

    ３０．劳动法第二十五条为用人单位可以解除劳动合同的条款，即使存在第二十九条规定的情况，只要劳动者同时存在第二十五条规定的四种情形之一，用人单位也可以根据第二十五条的规定解除劳动合同。

    ３１．劳动者被劳动教养的，用人单位可以依据被劳教的事实解除与该劳动者的劳动合同。

    ３２．按照劳动法第三十一条的规定，劳动者解除劳动合同，应当提前三十日以书面形式通知用人单位。超过三十日，劳动者可以向用人单位提出办理解除劳动合同手续，用人单位予以办理。如果劳动者违法解除劳动合同给原用人单位造成经济损失，应当承担赔偿责任。

    ３３．劳动者违反劳动法规定或劳动合同的约定解除劳动合同（如擅自离职），给用人单位造成经济损失的，应当根据劳动法第一百零二条和劳动部《违反〈劳动法〉有关劳动合同规定的赔偿办法》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２２３号）的规定，承担赔偿责任。

    ３４．除劳动法第二十五条规定的情形外，劳动者在医疗期、孕期、产期和哺乳期内，劳动合同期限届满时，用人单位不得终止劳动合同。劳动合同的期限应自动延续至医疗期、孕期、产期和哺乳期期满为止。

    ３５．请长病假的职工在医疗期满后，能从事原工作的，可以继续履行劳动合同；医疗期满后仍不能从事原工作也不能从事由单位另行安排的工作的，由劳动鉴定委员会参照工伤与职业病致残程度鉴定标准进行劳动能力鉴定。被鉴定为一至四级的，应当退出劳动岗位，解除劳动关系，办理因病或非因工负伤退休退职手续，享受相应的退休退职待遇；被鉴定为五至十级的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同，并按规定支付经济补偿金和医疗补助费。

    （五）解除劳动合同的经济补偿

    ３６．用人单位依据劳动法第二十四条、第二十六条、第二十七条的规定解除劳动合同，应当按照劳动法和劳动部《违反和解除劳动合同的经济补偿办法》（劳部发〔１９９４〕４８１号）支付劳动者经济补偿金。

    ３７．根据《民法通则》第四十四条第二款“企业法人分立、合并，它的权利和义务由变更后的法人享有和承担”的规定，用人单位发生分立或合并后，分立或合并后的用人单位可依据其实际情况与原用人单位的劳动者遵循平等自愿、协商一致的原则变更、解除或重新签订劳动合同。在此种情况下的重新签订劳动合同视为原劳动合同的变更，用人单位变更劳动合同，劳动者不能依据劳动法第二十八条要求经济补偿。

    ３８．劳动合同期满或者当事人约定的劳动合同终止条件出现，劳动合同即行终止，用人单位可以不支付劳动者经济补偿金。国家另有规定的，可以从其规定。

    ３９．用人单位依据劳动法第二十五条解除劳动合同，可以不支付劳动者经济补偿金。

    ４０．劳动者依据劳动法第三十二条第（一）项解除劳动合同，用人单位可以不支付经济补偿金，但应按照劳动者的实际工作天数支付工资。

    ４１．在原固定工实行劳动合同制度的过程中，企业富余职工辞职，经企业同意可以不与企业签订劳动合同的，企业应根据《国有企业富余职工安置规定》（国务院令第１１１号，１９９３年公布）发给劳动者一次性生活补助费。

    ４２．职工在接近退休年龄（按有关规定一般为五年以内）时因劳动合同到期终止劳动合同的，如果符合退休、退职条件，可以办理退休、退职手续；不符合退休、退职条件的，在终止劳动合同后按规定领取失业救济金。享受失业救济金的期限届满后仍未就业，符合社会救济条件的，可以按规定领取社会救济金，达到退休年龄时办理退休手续，领取养老保险金。

    ４３．劳动合同解除后，用人单位对符合规定的劳动者应支付经济补偿金。不能因劳动者领取了失业救济金而拒付或克扣经济补偿金，失业保险机构也不得以劳动者领取了经济补偿金为由，停发或减发失业救济金。

    （六）体制改革过程中实行劳动合同制度的有关政策

    ４４．困难企业签订劳动合同，应区分不同情况，有些亏损企业属政策性亏损，生产仍在进行，还能发出工资，应该按照劳动法的规定签订劳动合同。已经停产半停产的企业，要根据具体情况签订劳动合同，保证这些企业职工的基本生活。

    ４５．在国有企业固定工转制过程中，劳动者无正当理由不得单方面与用人单位解除劳动关系；用人单位也不得以实行劳动合同制度为由，借机辞退部分职工。

    ４６．关于在企业内录干、聘干问题，劳动法规定用人单位内的全体职工统称为劳动者，在同一用人单位内，各种不同的身分界限随之打破。应该按照劳动法的规定，通过签订劳动合同来明确劳动者的工作内容、岗位等。用人单位根据工作需要，调整劳动者的工作岗位时，可以与劳动者协商一致，变更劳动合同的相关内容。

    ４７．由于各用人单位千差万别，对工作内容、劳动报酬的规定也就差异很大，因此，国家不宜制定统一的劳动合同标准文本。目前，各地、各行业制定并向企业推荐的劳动合同文本，对于用人单位和劳动者双方有一定的指导意义，但这些劳动合同文本只能供用人单位和劳动者参考。

    ４８．按照劳动部办公厅《对全面实行劳动合同制若干问题的请示的复函》（劳办发〔１９９５〕１９号）的规定，各地企业在与原固定工签订劳动合同时，应注意保护老弱病残职工的合法权益。对工作时间较长，年龄较大的职工，各地可以根据劳动法第一百零六条制定一次性的过渡政策，具体办法由各省、自治区、直辖市确定。

    ４９．在企业全面建立劳动合同制度以后，原合同制工人与本企业内的原固定工应享受同等待遇。是否发给１５％的工资性补贴，可以由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据劳动法第一百零六条在制定劳动合同制度的实施步骤时加以规定。

    ５０．在目前工伤保险和残疾人康复就业制度尚未建立和完善的情况下，对因工部分丧失劳动能力的职工，劳动合同期满也不能终止劳动合同，仍由原单位按照国家有关规定提供医疗等待遇。

    （七）集体合同

    ５１．当前签订集体合同的重点应在非国有企业和现代企业制度试点的企业进行，积累经验，逐步扩大范围。

    ５２．关于国有企业在承包制条件下签订的“共保合同”，凡内容符合劳动法和有关法律、法规和规章关于集体合同规定的，应按照有关规定办理集体合同送审、备案手续；凡不符合劳动法和有关法律、法规和规章规定的，应积极创造条件逐步向规范的集体合同过渡。

    三、工资

    （一）最低工资。

    ５３．劳动法中的“工资”是指用人单位依据国家有关规定或劳动合同的约定，以货币形式直接支付给本单位劳动者的劳动报酬，一般包括计时工资、计件工资、奖金、津贴和补贴、延长工作时间的工资报酬以及特殊情况下支付的工资等。“工资”是劳动者劳动收入的主要组成部分。劳动者的以下劳动收入不属于工资范围：（１）单位支付给劳动者个人的社会保险福利费用，如丧葬抚恤救济费、生活困难补助费、计划生育补贴等；（２）劳动保护方面的费用，如用人单位支付给劳动者的工作服、解毒剂、清凉饮料费用等；（３）按规定未列入工资总额的各种劳动报酬及其他劳动收入，如根据国家规定发放的创造发明奖、国家星火奖、自然科学奖、科学技术进步奖、合理化建议和技术改进奖、中华技能大奖等，以及稿费、讲课费、翻译费等。

    ５４．劳动法第四十八条中的“最低工资”是指劳动者在法定工作时间内履行了正常劳动义务的前提下，由其所在单位支付的最低劳动报酬。最低工资不包括延长工作时间的工资报酬，以货币形式支付的住房和用人单位支付的伙食补贴，中班、夜班、高温、低温、井下、有毒、有害等特殊工作环境和劳动条件下的津贴，国家法律、法规、规章规定的社会保险福利待遇。

    ５５．劳动法第四十四条中的“劳动者正常工作时间工资”是指劳动合同规定的劳动者本人所在工作岗位（职位）相对应的工资。鉴于当前劳动合同制度尚处于推进过程中，按上述规定执行确有困难的用人单位，地方或行业劳动部门可在不违反劳动部《关于工资〈支付暂行规定〉有关问题的补充规定》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２２６号）文件所确定的总的原则的基础上，制定过渡办法。

    ５６．在劳动合同中，双方当事人约定的劳动者在未完成劳动定额或承包任务的情况下，用人单位可低于最低工资标准支付劳动者工资的条款不具有法律效力。

    ５７．劳动者与用人单位形成或建立劳动关系后，试用、熟练、见习期间，在法定工作时间内提供了正常劳动，其所在的用人单位应当支付其不低于最低工资标准的工资。

    ５８．企业下岗待工人员，由企业依据当地政府的有关规定支付其生活费，生活费可以低于最低工资标准，下岗待工人员中重新就业的，企业应停发其生活费。女职工因生育、哺乳请长假而下岗的，在其享受法定产假期间，依法领取生育津贴；没有参加生育保险的企业，由企业照发原工资。

    ５９．职工患病或非因工负伤治疗期间，在规定的医疗期间内由企业按有关规定支付其病假工资或疾病救济费，病假工资或疾病救济费可以低于当地最低工资标准支付，但不能低于最低工资标准的８０％。

    （二）延长工作时间的工资报酬

    ６０．实行每天不超过８小时，每周不超过４４小时或４０小时标准工作时间制度的企业，以及经批准实行综合计算工时工作制的企业，应当按照劳动法的规定支付劳动者延长工作时间的工资报酬。全体职工已实行劳动合同制度的企业，一般管理人员（实行不定时工作制人员除外）经批准延长工作时间的，可以支付延长工作时间的工资报酬。

    ６１．实行计时工资制的劳动者的日工资，按其本人月工资标准除以平均每月法定工作天数（实行每周４０小时工作制的为２１．１６天，实行每周４４小时工作制的为２３．３３天）进行计算。

    ６２．实行综合计算工时工作制的企业职工，工作日正好是周休息日的，属于正常工作；工作日正好是法定节假日时，要依照劳动法第四十四条第（三）项的规定支付职工的工资报酬。

    （三）有关企业工资支付的政策

    ６３．企业克扣或无故拖欠劳动者工资的，劳动监察部门应根据劳动法第九十一条、劳动部《违反和解除劳动合同的经济补偿办法》第三条、《违反〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉行政处罚办法》第六条予以处理。

    ６４．经济困难的企业执行劳动部《工资支付暂行规定》（劳部发〔１９９４〕４８９号）确有困难，应根据以下规定执行：

    （１）《关于做好国有企业职工和离退休人员基本生活保障工作的通知》（国发〔１９９３〕７６号）的规定，“企业发放工资确有困难时，应发给职工基本生活费，具体标准由各地区、各部门根据实际情况确定”；

    （２）《关于国有企业流动资金贷款的紧急通知》（银传〔１９９４〕３４号）的规定，“地方政府通过财政补贴，企业主管部门有可能也要拿出一部分资金，银行要拿出一部分贷款，共同保证职工基本生活和社会的稳定”；

    （３）《国有企业富余职工安置规定》（国务院令第１１１号，１９９３年发布）的规定：“企业可以对职工实行有限期的放假。职工放假期间，由企业发给生活费”。

    四、工作时间和休假

    （一）综合计算工作时间

    ６５．经批准实行综合计算工作时间的用人单位，分别以周、月、季、年等为周期综合计算工作时间，但其平均日工作时间和平均周工作时间应与法定标准工作时间基本相同。

    ６６．对于那些在市场竞争中，由于外界因素的影响，生产任务不均衡的企业的部分职工，经劳动行政部门严格审批后，可以参照综合计算工时工作制的办法实施，但用人单位应采取适当方式确保职工的休息休假权利和生产、工作任务的完成。

    ６７．经批准实行不定时工作制的职工，不受劳动法第四十一条规定的日延长工作时间标准和月延长工作时间标准的限制，但用人单位应采用弹性工作时间等适当的工作和休息方式，确保职工的休息休假权利和生产、工作任务的完成。

    ６８．实行标准工时制度的企业，延长工作时间应严格按劳动法第四十一条的规定执行，不能按季、年综合计算延长工作时间。

    ６９．中央直属企业、企业化管理的事业单位实行不定时工作制和综合计算工时工作制等其他工作和休息办法的，须经国务院行业主管部门审核，报国务院劳动行政部门批准。地方企业实行不定时工作制和综合计算工时工作制等其他工作和休息办法的审批办法，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府劳动行政部门制定，报国务院劳动行政部门备案。

    （二）延长工作时间

    ７０．休息日安排劳动者工作的，应先按同等时间安排其补休，不能安排补休的应按劳动法第四十四条第（二）项的规定支付劳动者延长工作时间的工资报酬。法定节假日（元旦、春节、劳动节、国庆节）安排劳动者工作的，应按劳动法第四十四条第（三）项支付劳动者延长工作时间的工资报酬。

    ７１．协商是企业决定延长工作时间的程序（劳动法第四十二条和《劳动部贯彻〈国务院关于职工工作时间的规定〉的实施办法》第七条规定除外），企业确因生产经营需要，必须延长工作时间时，应与工会和劳动者协商。协商后，企业可以在劳动法限定的延长工作时数内决定延长工作时间，对企业违反法律、法规强迫劳动者延长工作时间的，劳动者有权拒绝。若由此发生劳动争议，可以提请劳动争议处理机构予以处理。

    （三）休假

    ７２．实行新工时制度后，企业职工原有的年休假制度仍然实行。在国务院尚未作出新的规定之前，企业可以按照１９９１年６月５日《中共中央国务院关于职工休假问题的通知》，安排职工休假。

    五、社会保险

    ７３．企业实施破产时，按照国家有关企业破产的规定，从其财产清产和土地转让所得中按实际需要划拨出社会保险费用和职工再就业的安置费。其划拨的养老保险费和失业保险费由当地社会保险基金经办机构和劳动部门就业服务机构接收，并负责支付离退休人员的养老保险费用和支付失业人员应享受的失业保险待遇。

    ７４．企业富余职工、请长假人员、请长病假人员、外借人员和带薪上学人员，其社会保险费仍按规定由原单位和个人继续缴纳，缴纳保险费期间计算为缴费年限。

    ７５．用人单位全部职工实行劳动合同制度后，职工在用人单位内由转制前的原工人岗位转为原干部（技术）岗位或由原干部（技术）岗位转为原工人岗位，其退休年龄和条件，按现岗位国家规定执行。

    ７６．依据劳动部《企业职工患病或非因工负伤医疗期的规定》（劳部发〔１９９４〕４７９号）和劳动部《关于贯彻〈企业职工患病或非因工负伤医疗期的规定〉的通知》（劳部发〔１９９５〕２３６号），职工患病或非因工负伤，根据本人实际参加工作的年限和本企业工作年限长短，享受３－２４个月的医疗期。对于某些患特殊疾病（如癌症、精神病、瘫痪等）的职工，在２４个月内尚不能痊愈的，经企业和当地劳动部门批准，可以适当延长医疗期。

    ７７．劳动者的工伤待遇在国家尚未颁布新的工伤保险法律、行政法规之前，各类企业仍要执行《劳动保险条例》及相关的政策规定，如果当地政府已实行工伤保险制度改革的，应执行当地的新规定；个体经济组织的劳动者的工伤保险参照企业职工的规定执行；国家机关、事业组织、社会团体的劳动者的工伤保险，如果包括在地方人民政府的工伤改革规定范围内的，按地方政府的规定执行。

    ７８．劳动者患职业病按照１９８７年由卫生部等部门发布的《职业病范围和职业病患者处理办法的规定》和所附的“职业病名单”（〔８７〕卫防第６０号）处理，经职业病诊断机构确诊并发给《职业病诊断证明书》，劳动行政部门据此确认工伤，并通知用人单位或者社会保险基金经办机构发给有关工伤保险待遇；劳动者因工负伤的，劳动行政部门根据企业的工伤事故报告和工伤者本人的申请，作出工伤认定，由社会保险基金经办机构或用人单位，发给有关工伤保险待遇。患职业病或工伤致残的，由当地劳动鉴定委员会按照劳动部《职工工伤和职业病致残程度鉴定标准》（劳险字〔１９９２〕６号）评定伤残等级和护理依赖程度。劳动鉴定委员会的伤残等级和护理依赖程度的结论，以医学检查、诊断结果为技术依据。

    ７９．劳动者因工负伤或患职业病，用人单位应按国家和地方政府的规定进行工伤事故报告，或者经职业病诊断机构确诊进行职业病报告。用人单位和劳动者有权按规定向当地劳动行政部门报告。如果用人单位瞒报、漏报工作或职业病，工会、劳动者可以向劳动行政部门报告。经劳动行政部门确认后，用人单位或社会保险基金经办机构应补发工伤保险待遇。

    ８０．劳动者对劳动行政部门作出的工伤或职业病的确认意见不服，可依法提起行政复议或行政诉讼。

    ８１．劳动者被认定患职业病或因工负伤后，对劳动鉴定委员会作出的伤残等级和护理依赖程度鉴定结论不服，可依法提起行政复议或行政诉讼。对劳动能力鉴定结论所依据的医学检查、诊断结果有异议的，可以要求复查诊断，复查诊断按各省、自治区和直辖市劳动鉴定委员会规定的程序进行。

    六、劳动争议

    ８２．用人单位与劳动者发生劳动争议不论是否订立劳动合同，只要存在事实劳动关系，并符合劳动法的适用范围和《中华人民共和国企业劳动争议处理条例》的受案范围，劳动争议仲裁委员会均应受理。

    ８３．劳动合同鉴证是劳动行政部门审查、证明劳动合同的真实性、合法性的一项行政监督措施，尤其在劳动合同制度全面实施的初期有其必要性。劳动行政部门鼓励并提倡用人单位和劳动者进行劳动合同鉴证。劳动争议仲裁委员会不能以劳动合同未经鉴证为由不受理相关的劳动争议案件。

    ８４．国家机关、事业组织、社会团体与本单位工人以及其他与之建立劳动合同关系的劳动者之间，个体工商户与帮工、学徒之间，以及军队、武警部队的事业组织和企业与其无军籍的职工之间发生的劳动争议，只要符合劳动争议的受案范围，劳动争议仲裁委员会应予受理。

    ８５．“劳动争议发生之日”是指当事人知道或者应当知道其权利被侵害之日。

    ８６．根据《中华人民共和国商业银行法》的规定，商业银行为企业法人。商业银行与其职工适用《劳动法》、《中华人民共和国企业劳动争议处理条例》等劳动法律、法规和规章。商业银行与其职工发生的争议属于劳动争议的受案范围的，劳动争议仲裁委员会应予受理。

    ８７．劳动法第二十五条第（三）项中的“重大损害”，应由企业内部规章来规定，不便于在全国对其作统一解释。若用人单位以此为由解除劳动合同，与劳动者发生劳动争议，当事人向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁的，由劳动争议仲裁委员会根据企业类型、规模和损害程度等情况，对企业规章中规定的“重大损害”进行认定。

    ８８．劳动监察是劳动法授予劳动行政部门的职责，劳动争议仲裁是劳动法授予各级劳动争议仲裁委员会的职能。用人单位或行业部门不能设立劳动监察机构和劳动争议仲裁委员会，也不能设立劳动行政部门劳动监察机构的派出机构和劳动争议仲裁委员会的派出机构。

    ８９．劳动争议当事人向企业劳动争议调解委员会申请调解，从当事人提出申请之日起，仲裁申诉时效中止，企业劳动争议调解委员会应当在三十日内结束调解，即中止期间最长不得超过三十日。结束调解之日起，当事人的申诉时效继续计算。调解超过三十日的，申诉时效从三十日之后的第一天继续计算。

    ９０．劳动争议仲裁委员会的办事机构对未予受理的仲裁申请，应逐件向仲裁委员会报告并说明情况，仲裁委员会认为应当受理的，应及时通知当事人。当事人从申请至受理的期间应视为时效中止。

    七、法律责任

    ９１．劳动法第九十一条的含义是，如果用人单位实施了本条规定的前三项侵权行为之一的，劳动行政部门应责令用人单位支付劳动者的工资报酬和经济补偿，并可以责令支付赔偿金。如果用人单位实施了本条规定的第四项侵权行为，即解除劳动合同后未依法给予劳动者经济补偿的，因不存在支付工资报酬的问题，故劳动行政部门只责令用人单位支付劳动者经济补偿，还可以支付赔偿金。

    ９２．用人单位实施下列行为之一的，应认定为劳动法第一百零一条中的“无理阻挠”行为：

    （１）阻止劳动监督检查人员进入用人单位内（包括进入劳动现场）进行监督检查的；

    （２）隐瞒事实真象，出具伪证，或者隐匿、毁灭证据的；

    （３）拒绝提供有关资料的；

    （４）拒绝在规定的时间和地点就劳动行政部门所提问题作出解释和说明的；

    （５）法律、法规和规章规定的其他情况。

    八、适用法律

    ９３．劳动部、外经贸部《外商投资企业劳动管理规定》（劳部发〔１９９４〕２４６号）与劳动部《违反和解除劳动合同的经济补偿办法》（劳部发〔１９９４〕４８１号）中关于解除劳动合同的经济补偿规定是一致的，２４６号文中的“生活补助费”是劳动法第二十八条所指经济补偿的具体化，与４８１号文中的“经济补偿金”可视为同一概念。

    ９４．劳动部、外经贸部《外商投资企业劳动管理规定》（劳部发〔１９９４〕２４６号）与劳动部《违反〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉行政处罚办法》（劳部发〔１９９４〕５３２号）在企业低于当地最低工资标准支付职工工资应付赔偿金的标准，延长工作时间的罚款标准，阻止劳动监察人员行使监督检查权的罚款标准等方面规定不一致，按照同等效力的法律规范新法优于旧法执行的原则，应执行劳动部劳部发〔１９９４〕５３２号规章。

    ９５．劳动部《企业最低工资规定》（劳部发〔１９９３〕３３３号）与劳动部《违反〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉行政处罚办法》（劳部发〔１９９４〕５３２号）在拖欠或低于国家最低工资标准支付工资的赔偿金标准方面规定不一致，应按劳动部劳部发〔１９９４〕５３２号规章执行。

    ９６．劳动部《违反〈中华人民共和国劳动法〉行政处罚办法》（劳部发〔１９９４〕５３２号）对行政处罚行为、处罚标准未作规定，而其他劳动行政规章和地方政府规章作了规定的，按有关规定执行。

    ９７．对违反劳动法的用人单位，劳动行政部门有权依据劳动法律、法规和规章的规定予以处理，用人单位对劳动行政部门作出的行政处罚决定不服，在法定期限内不提起诉讼或不申请复议又不执行行政处罚决定的，劳动行政部门可以根据行政诉讼法第六十六条申请人民法院强制执行。劳动行政部门依法申请人民法院强制执行时，应当提交申请执行书，据以执行的法律文书和其他必须提交的材料。

    ９８．适用法律、法规、规章及其他规范性文件遵循下列原则：

    （１）法律的效力高于行政法规与地方性法规；行政法规与地方性法规效力高于部门规章和地方政府规章；部门规章和地方政府规章效力高于其他规范性文件。

    （２）在适用同一效力层次的文件时，新法律优于旧法律；新法规优于旧法规；新规章优于旧规章；新规范性文件优于旧规范性文件。

    ９９．依据《法规规章备案规定》（国务院令第４８号，１９９０年发布）“地方人民政府规章同国务院部门规章之间或者国务院部门规章相互之间有矛盾的，由国务院法制局进行协调；经协调不能取得一致意见的，由国务院法制局提出意见，报国务院决定。”地方劳动行政部门在发现劳动部规章与国务院其他部门规章或地方政府规章相矛盾时，可将情况报劳动部，由劳动部报国务院法制局进行协调或决定。

    １００．地方或行业劳动部门发现劳动部的规章之间、其他规范性文件之间或规章与其他规范性文件之间相矛盾，一般适用“新文件优于旧文件”的原则，同时可向劳动部请示。

中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业劳动管理规定(附英文) (已废止)

1980年7月26日，国务院

第一条 中外合资经营企业（以下简称合营企业）处理劳动管理问题，除《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》第六条第二款已有规定者外，都按照本规定办理。
第二条 合营企业职工的雇佣、解雇和辞职，生产和工作任务，工资和奖惩，工作时间和假期，劳动保险和生活福利，劳动保护，劳动纪律等事项，通过订立劳动合同加以规定。
劳动合同，由合营企业同本企业的工会组织集体地签订；规模较小的合营企业，也可以同职工个别地签订。
劳动合同签订后，须经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府劳动管理部门批准。（注：本条规定已经失效。现在执行的是1988年5月5日国务院办公厅转发劳动部、人事部关于进一步落实外商投资企业用人自主权意见的通知中的第一条规定。）
第三条 合营企业职工，或者由企业所在地的企业主管部门、劳动管理部门推荐，或者经劳动管理部门同意后由合营企业自行招收，都需由合营企业进行考试，择优录用。
合营企业可以举办技工学校和训练班，培训管理人员和技术工人。
第四条 合营企业对于因生产、技术条件发生变化而多余的职工，经过培训不能适应要求、也不宜改调其他工种的职工，可以解雇；但是必须按照劳动合同规定，由企业给予补偿。
被解雇的职工，由企业主管部门或劳动管理部门另行安排工作。
第五条 合营企业对于违反企业规章制度、造成一定后果的职工，可以根据情节轻重，给予必要的处分。开除处分，必须报请企业主管部门和劳动管理部门批准。（注：本条中关于“开除处分，必须报请企业主管部门和劳动管理部门批准”的规定已经失效。现在执行的是1984年1月19日经国务院同意，由劳动人事部发布的《中外合资经营企业劳动管理规定实施办法》中的第十条规定。）
第六条 合营企业解雇、处分职工，工会认为不合理的，有权提出异议，并派代表同董事会协商解决；协商不能解决的，按照本规定第十四条的程序办理。（注：本条规定已经失效。现在执行的是1988年5月5日国务院办公厅转发劳动部、人事部关于进一步落实外商投资企业用人自主权意见的通知中的第五条。）
第七条 合营企业职工因有特殊情况，按照劳动合同规定，通过工会向企业提请辞职的时候，企业应予同意。
第八条 合营企业职工的工资水平，按照所在地区同行业的国营企业职工实得工资的百分之一百二十到一百五十确定。
第九条 合营企业职工的工资标准、工资形式、奖励、津贴等制度，由董事会讨论决定。
第十条 合营企业提取的职工奖励和福利基金，必须用于对职工的奖励和集体福利，不得挪作他用。
第十一条 合营企业必须按照国营企业标准，支付中方职工劳动保险、医疗费用以及国家对职工的各项补贴。
第十二条 合营企业外籍职工的雇佣、解雇、辞职、报酬、福利和社会保险等事项，都应当在雇佣合同中规定。
第十三条 合营企业必须执行中国政府有关劳动保护的规章制度，保证安全生产和文明生产，中国政府劳动管理部门有权监督检查。
第十四条 合营企业发生的劳动争议，首先由争议双方协商解决；通过协商不能解决的，可以由争议的一方或双方向所在省、自治区、直辖市人民政府劳动管理部门请求仲裁；如有一方不服仲裁裁决，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
第十五条 本规定的解释权属于中华人民共和国国家劳动总局。
第十六条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS ON LABOUR MANAGEMENT IN CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINTVENTURES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS ON LABOUR MANAGEMENT IN CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT
VENTURES
(Promulgated by the State Council on July 26, 1980)

Article 1
Labour management problems concerning Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures (hereinafter referred to as "joint ventures") shall all be handled in accordance with these Provisions, in addition to the pertinent stipulations in Article 6 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures.

Article 2
Matters pertaining to employment, dismissal and resignation of the workers and staff members, tasks of production and other work, wages and awards and punishment, working time and vacation, labour insurance and welfare, labour protection and labour discipline in joint ventures shall be stipulated in the labour contracts signed.
A labour contract is to be signed by a joint venture and the trade union organization in the joint venture collectively. A relatively small joint venture may sign contracts with the workers and staff members individually.
A signed labour contract must be submitted to the labour management department of the government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for approval.
Article 3 [*1]
The workers and staff members of a joint venture either recommended by the authorities in the locality in charge of the joint venture or the labour management department, or recruited by the joint venture itself with the consent of the labour management department, shall all be selected by the joint venture through rigorous examinations. Joint ventures may run workers' schools and training courses to train managerial personnel and
skilled workers.

Article 4
With regard to the workers and staff members who become redundant as a result of changes in production and technical conditions of the joint venture, those who fail to meet the requirements after training and are not suitable for other jobs in the joint venture can be discharged.
However, this must be done in accordance with the stipulations in the labour contract and the enterprise must give compensation to these workers. The dismissed workers and staff members will be assigned to other jobs by the authorities in charge of the joint venture or the labour management department.

Article 5 [*2]
The joint venture may, according to the degree of seriousness of the case, take action against those workers or staff members whose violation of the rules and regulations of the enterprise has resulted in certain bad consequences. Punishment by discharge must be reported to the authorities in charge of the joint venture and the labour management department for approval.
Article 6 [*3]
With regard to the dismissal and punishment of workers and staff members by the joint venture, the trade union has the right to raise objections if it considers them unreasonable, and send representatives to seek a solution through consultation with the board of directors. Should the consultation fail to arrive at a solution, the matter shall be handled in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 14 of these
Provisions.
Article 7
When workers and staff members of a joint venture, on account of special circumstances, submit their resignation to the enterprise through the trade union in accordance with the labour contract, the enterprise shall give its consent.
Article 8
The pay levels of workers and staff members in a joint venture shall be determined at 120-150% of the real wages of workers and staff members of state-owned enterprises of the same trade in the locality.
Article 9
The wage standards, the forms of payment, and bonus and subsidy systems are to be discussed and decided by the board of directors.
Article 10
The rewards and welfare funds drawn by the joint venture from the profits must be used as rewards and collective welfare and shall not be diverted to other uses.
Article 11
A joint venture must pay for the Chinese workers' and staff members' labour insurance, cover their medical expenses and various kinds of government subsidies in the line with the standards obtaining in state-owned enterprises.
Article 12
The employment of foreign workers and staff members and their dismissal, resignation, pay, welfare and social insurance and other relevant matters shall all be specified in the employment contracts.

Article 13
Joint ventures must implement the relevant rules and regulations of the Chinese Government on labour protection and ensure safety in production and civilized production. The labour management department of the Chinese Government has the right to supervise and inspect their implementation.

Article 14
Labour disputes occurring in a joint venture shall first of all be solved through consultation by the two parties. If consultation fails to arrive at a solution, either party or both parties may request arbitration by the labour management department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the joint venture is located. Either party that disagrees to the arbitration award may file a suit at a people's court.

Article 15
The right of interpretation of these Provisions resides in the State Bureau of Labour of the People's Republic of China.

Article 16
These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Notes:
[*1] The provisions of this Article are no longer effective. The relevant provisions now in force are those contained in Article 1 of the Circular transmitted by the General Office of the State Council on May 5, 1988, Concerning the Proposals on Further Implementation of Decision-Making Power in Employment of Personnel by Enterprises with Foreign Investment, submitted by the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Personnel.
[*2] The provision "Punishment by discharge must be reported to the authorities in charge of the joint venture and the labour management department for approval" as stipulated in this Article is no longer effective. The relevant provisions now in force are those contained in Article 10 of the Measures for Implementation of the Regulations on Labour Management in Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, promulgated by the Ministry of Labour and Personnel with the approval of the State Council on January 19, 1984.
[*3] The provisions of this Article are no longer effective. The relevant provisions now in force are those contained in Article 5 of the Circular transmitted by the General Office of the State Council on May 5, 1988, Concerning the Proposals on Further Implementation of Decision-Making Power in Employment of Personnel by Enterprises with Foreign Investment, submitted by the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Personnel –The Editor.