专题复习——动词的种类

专题复习——动词的种类

  英语中的动词通常分为四种：行为动词（实义动词），系动词（系词），助动词和情态动词。
  1. 行为动词（v.）
  行为动词也称为实义动词，含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中可以独立作谓语。行为动词分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种，可以直接带宾语的动词叫及物动词，如help, give, show, want等；不可以带宾语或不可以直接带宾语的行为动词叫不及物动词，如：go, come, run, work, look, listen。像look, listen等不及物动词加介词后可以加宾语。如：look at the picture, listen to the radio.
  She has some bananas.
  I want some new books.
  He eats a lot of bread.
  They went there by train.
  They are playing football on the playground.
  We have finished our work.
  He swims fast.
  行为动词作谓语时随着不同的时态变成相对应的动词形式。例：
  I watch TV every evening. （现在时，动词原形）
  I am watching TV. （现在进行时，现在分词）
  I watched TV yesterday evening. （一般过去时，过去式）
  I have watched that game. （现在完成时，过去分词）
  He watches TV on Sunday. （一般现在时，单三形式）
  2. 系动词（Link v. ）
  系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。即构成主＋系＋表结构。例：
  His mother is a teacher.
  I am at home.
  常见的系词有：look（看起来，看上去），feel（感觉），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），get（变得），turn（变得），become（成为，变成），go（变得），be. be做系词时后面可以加名词，动词不定式，数词，副词，形容词，介词短语等各种形式作表语，例：
  I am in. （副词）
  He is in his room.（介词短语）
  His job is to feed animals. （动词不定式）
  He is young. （形容词）
  become作系词时后面常加名词或形容词作表语。例：
  He will become an actor in the future. （名词）
  Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. （形容词）
  其它系词后常加形容词作表语，例：
  I feel happy.
  The soup tastes good.
  The meat smells bad.
  The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
  He looks well.
  3. 助动词
  助动词没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定，疑问，时态、语态或其它语法形式。助动词也常用来回答一般疑问句（简答），常见的助动词有：do, does（用于一般现在时），be（用于现在进行时或过去进行时或被动语态），will（shall）用于一般将来时，did用于一般过去时，have （has）用于现在完成时，had用于过去完成时，例：
  He doesn’t speak English. （否定）
  Do you like football? （疑问）
  Yes, I do. No, I don’t. （简答）
  We are playing cards. （进行时）
  He has seen the doctor.（现在完成时）
  They will leave tomorrow. （将来时）
  They didn’t have classes yesterday. （否定，一般过去时）
  4. 情态动词
  情态动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, will, shall, could, might, would, should等，在使用这些词时后面要加动词原形。例：
    I can swim.
    He can sing well.
    May I go home now?
    You needn’t go there.
    Would you please pass me the book?
    We must go now.
    You should get up early.
    （1）情态动词can, could, would等表请求，不表时态，例：
    Can（May, Could）I speak to Jim?
    Can（Could, Would）you help me carry the box?
    （2）will常用来请求对方为自己做事，shall常用来表示自己为对方做事。例：
    Will you get me some water?
    Shall I open the door for you?
    （3）情态动词may表推测时可以用maybe转换同义句。例：
    Maybe he is at home.→
    He may be at home.
    Maybe he knows the man.→
    He may know the man.
    （4）否定的推测常用can’t.
    It’s too late. They can’t be in the office.
    （5）shall表示建议时可以有多种表达法，shall常用于第一人称。例：
    A: Are you free tomorrow?
    B: Yes, I think so.
    A: Shall we go to the park?
    （Why not go to the park? What about going to the park?Let’s go to the park. OK!）
    B: That’s a good idea.

【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）
  1. －Throwing frisby looks very easy, WeiHua. I want ______.
     －Come on, please.
    A. try             B. ago            C. to have a look           D. to make it

  2. It won’t _______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai?
    A. spend           B. use            C. take                     D. pay

  3. －Guess who is coming to supper.
    －I don’t know. ________ me.
    A. Speak          B. Say             C. Tell                     D. Talk

  4. _____ more clothes. It’s a snowing outside.
    A. Have          B. Wear          C. Put on        D. Take off

  5. －Excuse me. Where’s the nearest market?
     －Walk along this road, and _______ the second turning on the left.
    A. do             B. go              C. make         D. take

  6. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
    A. mustn’t             B. may not             C. can’t          D. needn’t

  7. One of us ______ a new bicycle.
    A. have          B. has            C. there is              D. there are

  8. Please ________ your photos here with you tomorrow.
    A. take           B. bring          C. carry         D. lift

  9. Don’t ______ your lessons. We’ll help you.
    A. worry        B. worried about           C. be worried about              D. be afraid

  10. This bike is very expensive. It will ______ you at least 200 dollars.
    A. take           B. spend         C. cost

  11. Mr White ______ Beijing on Monday morning.
    A. arrived at                  B. reached             C. got

  12. The window is broken. Try to ________ who broke it.
    A. find out                    B. find            C. look           D. look for

  13. He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English.
    A. speak, talked             B. talk, told
    C. say, spoke                D. tell, talked

  14. Tim felt too hungry when he got home. He quickly ______ all the food on the table.
    A. took out            B. ate out        C. looked up          D. ate up

  15. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he ______.
    A. must take care of                    B. must be take care of
    C. must look after                      D. must be looked after

  16. He often _______ us English stories.
    A. speaks           B. tells            C. says           D. talks

  17. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _____ for me?
    A. pick it up       B. pick up it          C. pick up them          D. pick them up

  18. The students put down their pens when the teacher ________ them to stop writing.
    A. said           B. spoke         C. told            D. talked

  19. He _____ living in the country to the city.
    A. likes          B. prefers       C. enjoys           D. loves

  20. If you don’t know a word, you must ________ the word in a dictionary.
    A. look up             B. look down         C. look over           D. look out

  21. Excuse me, Mrs Smith. Could you _____ my baby while I am away?
    A. look up             B. look after         C. look like          D. look down

  22. －How long have you _______ the book?
      －Two weeks.
    A. bought              B. lent            C. had            D. borrowed

  23. It’s time for class. We’d better _______.
    A. stop to talk        B. to stop to talk
    C. stop talking        D. to stop talking

  24. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing.
    A. looked, saw                     B. saw, saw
    C. watched, looked                 D. looked, find

  25. －Do you know him well?
    －Sure, We ______ friends since ten years ago.
    A. were          B. have been          C. have become            D. have made

  26. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
    A. can            B. need           C. may           D. must

  27. Would you please speak more slowly? I can hardly _____ you.
    A. talk with            B. agree with         C. follow        D. hear

  28. －What a day! It’s raining again. I’m afraid we can’t go boating tomorrow.
    －Don’t worry. It won’t _______ long.
    A. drop                 B. last            C. rain            D. go

  29. The woman _______ the child quickly and took him to hospital.
    A. put on        B. dressed             C. had on              D. was wearing

  30. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
    A. have been in                    B. have been to
    C. have gone to                    D. have been

  31. The plane to HongKong _______ at this time of day.
    A. takes off           B. gets to        C. leaves for          D. takes away

  32. －Do you think his story_____ true?
    －I don’t think so. But it sounds good.
    A. must be             B. may be              C. can be        D. has to be

  33. －Mum, my head still badly hurts. I’m going to die.
    －Oh, dear. Don’t worry. I’ll _____ the doctor.
    A. send for            B. send away         C. send to              D. send up

  34. _____ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _____ me?
    A. Listen to, hear from                 B. Hear, Listen to
    C. Hear, hear                           D. Listen to, hear

  35. Be careful, Jane. Don’t _______ your hands dirty.
    A. get             B. keep           C. have          D. let

  36. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercise to ________ there are no mistakes.
    A. look for             B. make sure          C. find out             D. think about

  37. －Did you ______ what the teacher said?
      －Not really. He spoke a little too fast.
    A. prefer        B. listen to             C. catch         D. learn from

  38. －I’m sorry I’ll have to _______ my office. I’ve had a wonderful time here.
      －It’s a pleasure to have you here.
    A. get to         B. return         C. leave for            D. reach

  39. Look out! The knife is very sharp （锋利）. You ______ cut your finger.
    A. need          B. must          C. should        D. may

  40. Don’t _______ the machine when you visit the factory.
    A. touch         B. grow          C. make         D. invent

  41. It’s hard to say who will ________ the match in the end. They are neck and neck now.
    A. win            B. tick            C. play           D. fight

  42. I thought it was a good idea but he didn’t ________ me.
    A. send for            B. lend to        C. point to      D. agree with

  43. It will be warmer tomorrow. The temperature will _______ again.
    A. fall below          B. go up         C. stay above         D. keep on

  44. －How much did the trip _______ you?
      －Two thousand yuan.
    A. take           B. pay            C. spend         D. cost

  45. My teacher often says in class, “Let’s ______ in English.”
    A. say            B. talk            C. speak         D. tell

  46. －Oh, dear!
    －What’s the matter?
    －My kite is _____ on top of the tall tree.
    A. landing              B. flying         C. stopping            D. dropping

  47. －How long ________ the book be kept?
      －For two weeks, but you ________ return it on time.
    A. can, may           B. may, need          C. can, must          D. must, need

  48. When Mr Fat got through （接通）the line, the speaker just told him to _____.
    A. come round              B. go on         C. stand up            D. hold on

  49. －May I have an apple, Mum?
    －Certainly. But you ________ wash your hands first.
    A. may           B. must          C. can            D. need

  50. My grandmother has to ______ her glasses when she wants to read.
    A. pay for              B. look after           C. knock at            D. put on

【试题答案】
  1－10 BCCCDCBBCC              11－20 BAADDBACBA
  21－30 BCCABDCBBA            31－40 ACADABCCDA
  41－50 ADBDBACDBD