六级听力的难点_Something about the languge

六级听力的难点
2006-12-10 12:20
六级听力的难点
首先是语速太快。怎么解决？就是要具备相当的听力词汇，多加练习，以提高语速适应性。
第二个困难是我们对英美人的发音习惯不太熟悉。首先是你自己的发音，如果你的发音不准，你很有可能把correct听成是collect，把 go bad变质，变坏听成 go to bed上床睡觉，把break the ice, 听成break the eyes。 发音不准有两个原因，一是方言。发音不准的第二个原因是初中高中老师的误导。发音方面的另一个问题是发音技巧不熟悉。如连读、失去爆破加音、省音等现象。
六级听力语音练习
1．易混淆的辅音
[ f ] [ v ] [h] feasible vengeance hamper [θ] [ ð] threshold thereafter
[ ? ] [ ? ] shorthand garage [ ? ] [?] charity jeopardize
[ ?] [?] feats beads [ tr ] [dr] trunk droop
[m] [n] [?] massacre notion son song [ l ] [ r ] loyalty field world reconcile
2．连读（前面单词最后一个辅音字母的读音与第二个单词第一个原因字母的读音连起来）
far away come on internal affairs good on you seven o’clock ten o’clock
an American an old lady in a hotel on a sunny day half a year here and there
lack of nothing a number of sold out for a year
3. 加音（为了连读前面单词最后一个元音与第二个单词的第一个元音而加音）
I can see it. [ j ] Can you see it? [ j ] I can do it. [w] Can you do it? [w] I saw it myself.[w] You saw it by yourself?[w] I did it myself. [ei] You did it by yourself? [ei] He got it. [ei] He didn’t get it. [ei] I’ll type it tomorrow. [ei] I typed it yesterday. [ei]
You can’t copy it. [ j ] I didn’t copy it. [ j ]
4. 不完全爆破（发前面的爆破音时只做口形但不送气）
a bad cold take care I don’t believe it. Good tea a bad boy work too hard look good
a blackboard a handbag a suitcase
I have read the book. Put the book on the desk The rich and the poor.
Let’s have a good chat. He has made the right choice. It’s a very bad joke.
That’s a very bad thought. I would like to have one. Let me have a look at it.
Good morning, sir. They are mostly teenagers. She came back after midnight.
5. 同化 (一个音受到另一个音影响或与另一个音接触产生第三个音，或这两个音的混合音)
Did you go to the flower show? I thought you would come. Did you tell her the news?
I’m very glad to meet you? Does she like the color? Please show me the way.
6. 一些口语中的发音
gonna = going to I am gonna get a job.
gotta = got to I’ve gotta go now. = I’ve got to go now.
wanna = want to I wanna listen some pops.
Scuse me = Excuse me Scuse me, but can I use the phone?
Why’d ya = Why did you Where’d ya = Where did you When’d ya = When did you
How’d ya = How did you
— Why’d ya come so late, Bob? —How’d ya get the job, Bob?
— Traffic was heavy. I was held up. —Through a friend of mine.
’em = them Do you like the kids? Sure. I love ’em.
短期内如何提高听力的技巧
1． 广泛地背单词、背词组是一个基础工作
2． 精听为主，泛听为辅。精听强调词汇、短语和句子结构，强调的是语言本身，就是一个字一个字地往过抠，标点符号都要搞清楚。泛听是抓大意，听重点信息，强调的是内容。泛听不如精听，你这次听不懂的单词和意群，放过去了，下次遇到还是不懂，练习时，一句一个暂停，把它听写下来，听3、5遍后，发现有实在听不懂的，马上看原文，但看过后应反复听，对听力而言，反复听已听懂的要比听听不懂的重要的多，效果也好很多。
3． 朗读与跟读使用过的材料，主要是纠音，并熟悉语调，记清楚听力中的问题词汇和短语
4． 看原版电影 可以的 盖住字幕 找那种对白多一点的电影 老是打斗场面 没多大效果
5． 听歌曲 发音技巧比较多一些 但要提防里面的broken grammar
题型分类
小对话、段落理解、听写填空、复合式听写
考试出题，每次任选两种，各10分，但主要为1＋2（18/20）和1＋4（2/20）组合，两个趋势：听力最低分，总分加大到30分，增加主观题的比重，加强听说能力，故要警惕听写题型。www.moe.edu.cn
六级听力必背场景词汇（四大场景：图书馆、大学、餐馆、医院）
图书馆场景：
周刊 periodical 最近一刊 latest issue 学术类期刊 journal 外借 let out 仅限馆内阅读 put on reserve 到期 due 过期 overdue 付罚款 pay a fine 图书管理员 librarian 索书条 call slip 图书目录 catalog
续借 renew书库stack 开架选书 open-shelf
大学场景：
本科生 undergraduate 全体教职员工faculty导师tutor 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course学分credits 小论文 essay 学位论文dissertation
学期报告term paper 最终期限deadline 延期 extension
期末考试finals 期中考试 mid-term 小测验 quiz ace考得很好的
博士学位 doctorate
学费 tuition fee 助学金 fellowship 奖学金scholarship
餐馆场景：
酒馆、客栈 pub 汽车旅馆motel （乡村或公路边上的）旅馆 inn 甜食dessert 软饮料 soft drink 色拉salad 葡萄酒 wine 三明治 sandwich 派 pie
威士忌 whisky 账单bill 小费tip 付账单 pay the bill 这饭菜不错worth the money 各付各的账Let’s split it 这次我请客 This is my treat go Dutch AA制
医院场景：
外科医生surgeon 内科医生 physician 药片 tablet 处方 prescription 手术 operation 骨折 fracture 流感 flu 心脏病 heart attack 昏迷 faint
嗓子痛 sore throat 高血压 high blood pressure 特护病房ICU (intensive care unit) 探视时间visiting hours 急救病房 emergency rooms
银行场景：
账户 account 存折bank book 开户open an account 信用卡 credit card
存款deposit 透支overdraw 自动提款机 ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)
利率interest rate 支票户头 check account 银行职员bank clerk 将支票兑换成现金cash the check
旅馆场景：
无空房(be)booked up 客房服务 room service 登记入住手续 check in 结账check out
单/双人间single/double room 订房 reserve 行李员 porter 登记员 register
前台 front desk 前台服务 reception
邮局场景：
快递服务 EMS （Express Mail Service） 航空邮件air mail 邮资 postage
小包裹package/parcel 超重 overweight 发电报 send a telegram
挂号信 registered letter 明信片 postcard 加急电报urgent cable
机场/车站场景：
航班flight 登机 board 着陆land 安检登记 check in
晚/准点到达 behind/on schedule 飞机票价格airfare 飞机离开departure 月台platform 加油站 gas station 汽车修理处garage
打电话场景：
接线员operator 线路繁忙The line is busy 长途电话 long distance call对方付费电话 collect call
Can you put me through to this number? 请接…… Your call has been put through.你的电话接通了
put sb. on 让某人接电话
租房场景：
租契lease 漏水 leak 铺屋顶的公司 roofing company 停(水、电、气)cut off
黑的伸手不见五指blackout 搬家公司 moving company
零星小场景：This shoe shop is having a special/big sale this week. 大甩卖 on sale大甩卖
brand 品牌 bargain便宜货 counter 柜台 barber’s 理发馆
have a haircut/have one’s hair cut 理发 发型 hairstyle 美发师 hairdresser
刮胡子 shave 络腮胡whiskers 下巴上的胡子moustache 嘴唇上的胡子 beard 香波 shampoo
六级听力重要短语补充(60个)
accompany … while … sing a fraction of
The students were all ears in the professor’s class.
Which position appeals to you most?
as…as: as fit as a fiddle
by and large at a loss beside oneself
break out in a rash for the time being be fed up with
bend on …/doing … chase the rainbows come in contact with
be concerned with cut down on die out
drop in/by drop out of school fall flat
go about have the final say hold out for …
in the heat of the day / in the dead of night
be in the mood to do /be not in the mood to do/in a good mood/in the mood for
lay off take …for… regardless of…
remove …from rule out… set one’s mind on doing …
slip one’s mind somewhere around take one’s place
The reverse is also true. be under the weather without fail
good-for-nothing have done with
hit the ceiling let alone a phone call away
It is all very well to say/do that … but…
burn the midnight oil/get a smell of the midnight oil
burn a hole in one’s pocket/spend money like water
anything but pat … on the back see eye to eye with …
keep an eye on … fall back on … fool around
How much did the car cost? It cost me an arm and a leg.
in the air/on air take after serve … right
…deserves it. in shape/out of shape take one’s chance
make a difference/not make a difference draw to a close
学听力有四个阶段
第一是词的读音和词的意思对应起来的阶段。因为我们阅读，是把词形和词义建立起一种联系。而在听力的过程中，我们需要知道哪个读音代表的是什么意思。这就要求我们在记单词的过程中，就要眼、耳、口、舌、心并到。最好买那种有例句配磁带的词汇书，耳朵里塞着耳机，嘴里跟着念念有词，眼睛盯着这个词，建立起一种音、形、义的联系。读音不准的同学一定要在纠音上下功夫。因为如果你读错，你很可能会听错。Correct 会听成collect, pollution 会听成illusion。自己把自己读的东西录成磁带，自己听听，或者找英语老师听听。实在纠正不过来的同学，也不要紧，那你必须记住，人家词带上的question, 你老读成question（琴），人家的pollution, 你读pollution(音)。要我这种纠错意识。像听写那样的题你就可以搞定。
第二、第三个阶段是你听懂每个词，你仍然可能听不懂一个短语、一个句子。这里面有两个原因，一个是这个短语你不知道意思。比如Beat around the bush，你听清楚了每一个单词，知道它是beat around the bush, 但你不知道它是什么意思。其实它的意思和在灌木丛的周围打相距甚远。拐弯抹角，模棱两可，含含糊糊，遮遮掩掩，闪烁其辞，欲道还羞。还有一个原因是英美人的发音技巧你不熟悉。比如an ounce of sugar, pots and pots of flowers, break it up not at all等，这是连读。还有失去爆破，省音、同化等现象，比如bread and butter。我们跟老外打招呼，吃了么？老外不懂，因为这里面有连读，没有连读成么，一个字一个字地说，吃了没有？聪明点的老外能懂，笨一点的还不懂，你就说have you eaten?看他懂不懂？既然来中国了，就要学中国人的打招呼的方式。
第四个阶段, 你怎么听一句一句的话连起来的一个passage。这是最难的，这与你的阅读理解能力紧密相关，因为你听的过程，是只是就是一种用耳朵在读的过程。平时要加大训练，我觉得要以精听为主，泛听为辅。精听就是要仔仔细细地听，连每个标点符号都听清楚。跟着精听做大量的听写练习，如果你能把新概念3上的60 个passages都听写完，你的六级听力绝对能过
听力的小对话题型分类
大致可以分为十三类。数字价格运算和时间加减运算，可以说是数字题，做题时注意，听到的数字一定不是答案，因为这类数字题，不但要考你辨音，而且要求你运算，不但要辨，而且要算。说到了手表，这只手表一定不准。数字价格运算选项均为数字＋计量单位，提问一般为：
a． How much does something cost？
b． How much should one pay for something？
e.g. M: When I am 65, I will retire from my position.
W: Oh, there are three years to go.
Q: how old is the man now?
技巧：出现的不是答案，必须经过加减乘除运算，以乘法最多，无开方平方等。做笔记 怎么做笔记？听一个例子：Test 7 P34
I’ll have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you.
They are $40 a pair and three pairs make a total of $120. But today we offer a 10% discount.
Q: How much does the man have to pay?
时间加减运算选项为时间，几点几分，提问为：
c． when will something leave？
d． When will somebody arrive？
e． What time is it now？
e.g. M: My watch is 8 o’clock sharp. Is it right? W: I don’t think so. My watch is
8: 10. But it is three minutes faster. Q: what is the time now?
技巧：提到了手表，这只表一定是不准的，所以要注意表的快慢问题，注意一些时间单位的换算 a quarter to/past/after 10? 1：58 to 22：22
快用减法，慢用加法，出现频率不高
下来是人物职业，人物关系，地点题，人物动作题，我把它们归为一类，叫场景题，因为这三类题的答案都可以通过相关的场景词汇判断出来。比如：what can I do for you? Give me a couple of coffee and the special today。问：where does this conversation most likely take place?肯定是在餐馆吧！换一种问法：what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?那肯定是waitress and customer。因为有那么多的场景词在暗示着你。
第7种叫：中but 题型，就是中间有个but, 你注意重点是but后面的东西。或听懂了but前的东西，否定掉。但注意一般but弱读。
但第8种与此相反,叫中心思想题。重点在第一个人的话上。比如：女问：are you married? 男：no. But I have a big house in the suburbs, I have two cars, I raise three dogs and I live with my mother. Q: what are they talking about? A: life in the suburbs B: how to raise dogs C: family relationship D: marital status。
第9中细节列举题，M: Hello, this is Tom Davis. I’d like to have an appointment with Mrs. Jones. Could you tell me her schedule? W: I am afraid you cannot see her now. She has gone to New York for a 7 day conference. And on her way back, she’ll be staying in California for 4 days and she will be back the day after tomorrow. Q: where is Mrs. Jones now? 细节题一定要记笔记。
第十种意义解释题，比较麻烦：难解的语法：Did you watch the game last night? I wouldn’t have missed it for anything. 难解的词组：what do you think of Tom? Well, I don’t think much of him. He is just a stuffed shirt. A: 穿衣不讲究，随便B总穿同一个牌子的衬衫　C.衬衫里总是塞满了东西　d: 非常傲慢　这种方法选出来的，千万不能检查，直觉。
11种：建议题 注意听why not… why don’t you … you’d better… I suggest…的内容
12种：态度题 what do you think of … How do you find…注意听第二个人的话
13弦外之音题