译者liambeiwai-----毛泽东去世后的权力真空

毛泽东去世后的权力真空
译者liambeiwai
【该文章阅读量：137次】【字号：大中小】
这是毛泽东去世后一天英国卫报的评论，我居然从卫报网站的新闻档案中重新找到了它。今天，我愿意把这个翻译给大家，就是为了使它以后成为我们珍贵的历史素材，这简直就是活的历史文献啊！我们今天是以怜悯的心态看着朝鲜，当年英国是不是也以怜悯的心态看着我国呢？这并不是来自党的宣传材料，而确实是卫报的新闻。德国朋友曾经对我说，卫报是很左派的报纸，我现在信了。
悲痛欲绝的中国人民在昨晚送别了他们“伟大的舵手”后，开始思索起国家的未来问题，而这一切并不意外。
中国集体领导层在一份事先准备好的声明中对现代最伟大的马克思主义者的去世表示哀悼。领导中国革命事业长达半个多世纪的毛泽东于昨日（星期四）午夜后在北京去世，享年83岁。在16个小时后，中央人民广播电台宣布了他的死讯。广播中说，他是因为健康日益恶化经抢救无效去世的。在他五月底会见最后一个外国客人——巴基斯坦总理布托之后，他就再也没有在公众场合露面过。
毛泽东已经在中国留下了自己的印记。他粉碎一切旧的枷锁束缚，号召中国人民，尤其是年轻人站起来为社会主义事业而奋斗。然而，他并不能安心地离去，因为仅仅在不久前党内领导层还由于一月份周恩来的去世展开激烈的权利争夺战，这在四月甚至导致了被认为是周接班人的邓小平的下台。
昨天的官方声明还强调，中国人民紧密团结在党周围，而这显示了目前党内有明显分歧。声明还强调，中国要继续执行毛泽东的外交路线，而毛路线的直接结果就是中美缓和以及中国重返联合国。毛泽东自1945年起就是中国共产党总书记，因此当前最急切的政治任务就是填补毛泽东去世后留下的空白。选定毛泽东接班人的工作应该在中国中央全会上进行，但是这一机构在今年早期由于邓小平问题已经四分五裂，因此目前可能的结果是很难选定毛泽东的接班人。
而在毛泽东最后几次公开露面中，毛泽东通过邀请美国前总统尼克松到京来显示他喜欢中国的朋友，也就是苏联的敌人。
在简短的标语背后的毛泽东是一个内心复杂的人。他领导中国走上了一条成功但却充满曲折的道路，尤其是晚年文化大革命的时候。他不仅仅受人爱戴，还让人欣赏，受人尊敬，让人喜欢。他从不在公共场合大规模走动和演讲。尽管毛泽东语录本身也被看作是个人崇拜，但却是毛泽东思想内容本身打动了千千万万的人。
附：英文原文
Power vacuum after Mao's death
By John Gittings
guardian.co.uk, Friday September 10 1976 10.54 BST
Article history
The Chinese people, sad but hardly surprised, began to consider their future last night without their country's great helmsman.
Mao Tse-tung, maker of the Chinese revolution for more than half a century, died in Peking yesterday morning in his 83rd year. A prepared statement from the Chinese collective leadership lamented the death of the greatest Marxist of the contemporary era.Mao died just after midnight on Thurday (Peking time) according to Chinese radio which broadcast the news nearly 16 hours later. His death occurred, the radio said, because of the worsening of his illness and despite all treatment. He had not been seen publicly since the end of May when he briefly received his last foreign visitor, Mr Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Mao has left his mark on China. He shattered traditional restraints and urged Chinese (especially the young) to stand up and struggle for Socialism. But his death comes uneasily soon after the major struggle within the party leadership caused by the death of Chou En-lai in January. In April, this led to the dismissal of Chou's expected successor, Teng Hsiao-ping.
Yesterday's official announcement emphasises that the Chinese must resolutely uphold the unity and unification of the party, in an evident reference to the divisions which have appeared. It also stresses that China must continue to carry out Mao Tse-tung's line on foreign affairs, the policy which led to détente with the United States and Peking's entry to the United Nations. The immediate political task will be to fill the position held by Mao since 1945. He was chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. This must be done at a full session of the party's Central Committee, but this body was badly split earlier this year over the case of Teng. It may find it difficult to decide on Mao's successor.
In one of his last audiences Mao again showed his liking for friends of China and enemies of the Soviet Union by welcoming ex-President Nixon to Peking.
Mao was a complex man behind simple slogans. He led China on a successful but difficult path, particularly in the latest years of Cultural Revolution. He has commanded admiration perhaps more than love; respect as much as affection, never speaking nor circulating widely in public. In spite of the personal hagiography it was the thought, above all, which inspired so many millions.