为什么大多数妈妈不听从母乳喂养的建议？

来源Why Most Moms Don’t Follow Breast-Feeding Recommendations – TIME Healthland
译者maomaoniu

Why Most Moms Don't Follow Breast-Feeding Recommendations

为什么大多数妈妈不听从母乳喂养的建议？

When it comes to breast-feeding, there's good news and bad news. The former is that lots of U.S. mothers – 75% — are initiating breast-feeding. The latter? Less than a quarter are persevering a full year, which is the minimum the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends babies dine on mom's milk.Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that just 43% of U.S. mothers were still nursing at six months, although the AAP advises babies stick exclusively to breast milk during that period. (This, despite supermodel Gisele Bundchen's much-publicized proposal last month espousing an international law mandating that mothers breastfeed their babies for six months.)

提到母乳喂养，有好消息也有坏消息。好消息就是在美国，有多达75%的母亲开始母乳喂养。坏消息就是不到四分之一的人数可以坚持一整年。而美国儿科研究院（APP）建议新生婴儿的母乳喂养时间至少要一年

尽管美国儿科研究院（APP）建议在出生的前六个月里，宝宝们只能靠母乳喂养，但是疾病控制与预防中心工作人员调查发现，在美国，仅有43%的母亲能做到这一点。（尽管上个月超级模特吉赛尔绑辰公开表示支持将婴儿出生前六个月必须要母乳喂养纳入国际法律，但是现实情况却不是很乐观）

At one year, 22% of women were still breast-feeding.

仅有22%的女性可以做到母乳喂养一年。

"We need to direct even more effort toward making sure mothers have the support they need in hospitals, workplaces and communities to continue breast-feeding beyond the first few days of life, so they can make it to those six- and 12-month marks," says William Dietz, director of CDC's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity.

疾病控制与预防中心的营养，身体活力和肥胖部门主任威廉德尔兹说，“我们需要指引更多的力量，在医院，工作场所，以及各种团体里，给妈妈们提供尽可能多的支持，可以使她们不仅仅是在最初的一段日子，而是可以在以后更长的时间里进行母乳喂养，达到6个月和12个月的目标。”

Reams of research have linked breastfeeding to scores of benefits for both mom and baby: breast-fed babies aren't as likely to fall prey to obesity, ear infections or diabetes; breast-feeding moms benefit from a decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Because breast-fed babies are healthier, the AAP projects that a significant increase in the nation's breast-feeding rate could trim nearly $4 billion a year in health care costs.

大量的研究表明母乳喂养对对妈妈和宝宝都有好处。母乳喂养的宝宝更不易肥胖，更容易免受耳朵感染和糖尿病。进行母乳喂养的母亲也可以降低患乳腺癌和子宫癌的风险。因为母乳喂养的宝宝更加健康，所以美国儿科研究所（AAP）预测大幅度提高国内母乳喂养的比例可以每年在卫生保健花销上减少将近40亿。

The data doesn't surprise breast-feeding experts, who attribute the low breast-feeding numbers over time to a lack of support. When breast-feeding proves difficult — it's not as easy as it looks! — “the only option given is formula-feeding rather than breast-feeding support,” says Miriam Labbok, director of the Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “Mothers don't give up. They are undermined or discouraged. They are initiating breast-feeding so they want to breast-feed, but they are not getting the support they need to achieve their intentions.”

研究母乳喂养的专家们对于这个数字并不感到惊讶。 专家们认为缺少支持是造成母乳喂养比例低下的主要原因。北卡罗莱纳教堂山分校的卡罗莱纳全球母乳喂养研究协会会长米兰姆莱博克说“当母乳喂养变得很困难时-它并不像看起来那样简单，那么剩下的唯一选择就是配方喂养了。妈妈们不言放弃，她们屡遭挫折，仍然进行母乳喂养，但是她们缺少必要支持来帮助她们完成这个目标。

Still, the environment is much friendlier toward breast-feeding that it was a few decades ago. Whereas hospitals used to whisk babies away from mothers right after birth, making it difficult to establish a breast-feeding rhythm, many now employ lactation consultants to assist new mothers and encourage rooming-in, where babies sleep in bassinets in the mother's room.

当然，与几十年前相比， 目前的环境已经更有利实行母乳喂养。虽然现在医院还是习惯在生产后立刻将婴儿从母亲身边带走，很难建立一个母乳喂养的节奏，但是已经有很多医院开始聘请哺乳期顾问来帮助新妈妈们，鼓励新生儿和母亲同室，宝宝可以睡在摇篮里，与妈妈同住一房间。

Yet once mom and baby are discharged from the hospital, the story changes. In Europe, many countries send “health visitors” to check on newborn parents at home. And their paid maternity leaves relieve pressure on mothers to return to work before breast-feeding is well-established.

当妈妈和宝宝出院后，就是另一番情景了。在欧洲，很多国家派健康访问者检查，保证新生儿的父母都留在家里。并且母乳喂养彻底结束前，母亲们可以享受带薪产假，这就大大减少她们急于返回工作的压力。

Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/17/most-moms-dont-follow-breastfeeding-recommendations/#ixzz10B400HFH