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Attenuated virus
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"Attenuated" redirects here. For the bacterial use of the term, seeAttenuator (genetics)
The verb "attenuate" means "to become weak."
Attenuation invirology is reducing thevirulence of a virus, whilst keeping it viable (or ‘live‘), for the purpose of creating avaccine. It is the counterpart of the vaccines produced by ‘killing‘ the virus (inactivated vaccine)
Viruses may be attenuated via passage of the virus through a foreignhost, such as :
tissue culture
embryonated eggs
live animals
The initial viral population is applied to the foreign host. In all likelihood one of these will possess amutationthat enables it to infect the new host. However this mutant willnormally have a lower virulence in the original host, enabling it toinfect them, but cause less damage, and so acts as a vaccine.
[edit] Advantages of Attenuated Vaccines
Activates all phases of theimmune system (for instanceIgA localantibodies are produced)
Provides more durable immunity;boosters are not required
Low cost
Quick immunity
Easy to transport/administer (for instanceOPV forPolio can be taken orally, rather than requiring a sterile injection by a trained healthworker, as the inactivated formIPV does)
[edit] Disadvantages
Major Disadvantage -Secondary mutation can cause a reversion to virulence
May still be able to cause disease inimmunocompromised patients (e.g. those withAIDS)
Sometimes may not work in tropical areas
[edit] References
Badgett, MR. Oct 2002 Journal of Virology "Evolutionary dynamics of viral attenuation"[1]
Global Polo Eradication Initiative: Advantages and Disadvantages of Vaccine Types[2]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to:navigation,search
"Attenuated" redirects here. For the bacterial use of the term, seeAttenuator (genetics)
The verb "attenuate" means "to become weak."
Attenuation invirology is reducing thevirulence of a virus, whilst keeping it viable (or ‘live‘), for the purpose of creating avaccine. It is the counterpart of the vaccines produced by ‘killing‘ the virus (inactivated vaccine)
Viruses may be attenuated via passage of the virus through a foreignhost, such as :
tissue culture
embryonated eggs
live animals
The initial viral population is applied to the foreign host. In all likelihood one of these will possess amutationthat enables it to infect the new host. However this mutant willnormally have a lower virulence in the original host, enabling it toinfect them, but cause less damage, and so acts as a vaccine.
[edit] Advantages of Attenuated Vaccines
Activates all phases of theimmune system (for instanceIgA localantibodies are produced)
Provides more durable immunity;boosters are not required
Low cost
Quick immunity
Easy to transport/administer (for instanceOPV forPolio can be taken orally, rather than requiring a sterile injection by a trained healthworker, as the inactivated formIPV does)
[edit] Disadvantages
Major Disadvantage -Secondary mutation can cause a reversion to virulence
May still be able to cause disease inimmunocompromised patients (e.g. those withAIDS)
Sometimes may not work in tropical areas
[edit] References
Badgett, MR. Oct 2002 Journal of Virology "Evolutionary dynamics of viral attenuation"[1]
Global Polo Eradication Initiative: Advantages and Disadvantages of Vaccine Types[2]
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