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Contents
1 Etymology1.1 Flen flyys and freris1.2 John le Fucker1.3 Anglo-Saxon1.4 Older etymology1.5 False etymologies
2 Usage history2.1 Early usage2.2 Rise of Modern Usage2.3 Use in politics2.4 Use in marketing2.5 Freedom of expression2.6 Popular usage
3 Common alternatives4 Other languages4.1 Afrikaans4.2 Chinese languages4.3 French4.4 German4.5 Latin4.6 Romanian4.7 Norwegian4.8 Swedish
5 Extensions and combinations5.1 Fuck off5.2 Fucker5.3 Fuck this/that5.4 Give a fuck5.5 Fuck up5.6 Good/bad fuck5.7 Fuck all5.8 Fuckhead5.9 Fucking5.10 Fuck over5.11 Fuck around/about5.12 Cluster fuck
6 Notes and references7 Notes8 Further reference9 See also9.1 Derivative words
10 External links
This page is about the word fuck. For engaging insexual intercourse, see that article. For other uses of the word, seeFuck (disambiguation).
Fuck is anEnglishword which, as averb, literally means to engage insexual intercourse. The word is generally considered offensive.
It is unclear whether the word has always been consideredvulgar, and if not, when it first started to be considered vulgar. Some evidence indicates that in some English-speaking locales it was considered acceptable as late as the17th century meaning "to strike" or "to penetrate."[1] Other evidence indicates that it may have become vulgar as early as the16th century inEngland, although neither set of evidence is inherently contradictory to the other, since many words have multiple connotations. The word became increasingly offensive over time because of its usage to describe (often in an extremely angry, hostile or belligerent manner) negative or unpleasant circumstances or people in an intentionally offensive way, such as in the term "motherfucker," one of its more common usages.
Fuck is used not only as averb (transitive andintransitive), but also as anoun,interjection, and, occasionally, as anexpletive infix. Theetymology of the word is uncertain (see below).
Etymology
Sources such as theOxford English Dictionary contend that the trueetymology of fuck is still uncertain but appears to point to anAnglo-Saxon origin.
Flen flyys and freris
The usually accepted first known occurrence is incode in a poem in a mixture ofLatin and English composed some time before1500. The poem, which satirizes theCarmelitefriars ofCambridge, England, takes its title, "Flen flyys", from the first words of its opening line, "Flen, flyys, and freris" (= "Fleas, flies, and friars"). The line that contains fuck reads "Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk". Removing thesubstitution cipher on the phrase "gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk" yields "non sunt in coeli, quia fvccant vvivys of heli", which translated means "they are not in heaven because they fuck wives ofEly" (fvccant is a fake Latin form).[2] The phrase was coded likely because it accused some Church personnel of misbehaving; it is uncertain to what extent the word "fuck" was considered acceptable at the time.
John le Fucker
The "John le Fucker" occurrence in 1278 AD is doubtful:an email discussion archived at this link says "This name has been exhaustively argued over ... The "John le Fucker" reference first appears inCarl Buck‘s 1949Indo-European dictionary. Buck does not supply a citation as to where he found the name. No one has subsequently found the manuscript in which it is alleged to have appeared. If the citation is genuine and not an error, it is most likely a spelling variant of "fulcher", meaningsoldier. A detailed discussion can be found inA.W. Read‘s "Milestones in The History of English" [may beISBN 0-8223-6526-X],PADS 86.."
Anglo-Saxon
AnAnglo-Saxoncharter[3][4] granted byOffa, king ofMercia, dated A.D.772, granting land atBexhill, Sussex to a bishop, includes this text:-
Þonne syndon þa gauolland þas utlandes into Bexlea in hiis locis qui appellantur hiis nominibus: on Berna hornan .iii. hida, on Wyrtlesham .i., on Ibbanhyrste .i., on Croghyrste .viii., on Hrigce .i., on Gyllingan .ii., on Fuccerham 7 and on Blacanbrocan .i., on Ikelesham .iii.;Then the tax-lands of the outland belonging toBexley are in these places which are called by these names: atBarnhorne 3hides, at Wyrtlesham [Worsham farm nearBexhill ] 1, at Ibbanhyrst 1, atCrowhurst 8, at (Rye? The ridge north ofHastings?) 1, atGillingham 2, at Fuccerham and at Blackbrook [may be Black Brooks inWestfield village just north ofHastings ] 1, atIcklesham 8.
The placename Fuccerham looks like either "the home (hām) of the fucker" or "the enclosedpasture (hamm) of the fucker", who may have been a once-notorious man, or a locally well-knownstud male animal.
Older etymology
The word fuck has cognates in other Germanic languages, such asGerman ficken (to copulate),Middle Dutch fokken (to thrust, copulate, or to breed), dialecticalNorwegian fukka (to copulate), and dialecticalSwedish focka (to strike, copulate) and fock (penis).
This points to a possible etymology whereCommon Germanic fuk-, by application ofGrimm‘s law, would have as its most likelyIndo-European ancestor *pug-, which appears in Latin andGreek words meaning "fight" and "fist". In early Common Germanic the word was likely used at first as a slang or euphemistic replacement for an older word for intercourse, and then became the usual word for intercourse.
Other possible connections are to Latin fūtuere (almost exactly the same meaning as the English verb "to fuck"); but it would have to be explained how the word reachedScandinavia from Roman contact, and how the "t" became "k". From futuere cameFrench foutre,Catalan fotre,Italian fottere,Romanian fute, vulgar peninsularSpanish follar and joder, andPortuguese foder). However, there is considerable doubt and no clear lineage for these derivations. These roots, even ifcognate, are not the original Indo-European word for to copulate, butWayland Young (who agrees that these words are related) argues that they derive from the Indo-European *bhu- or *bhug- = "be", "become", or as causative "create" [see Young, 1964]. A possible intermediate might be a 4th-declension verbal noun *fūtus = with possible meanings including "act of (pro)creating".
The Spanish verb follar has a different origin: according to Spanish etymologists, it (attested in the19th century) derives via fuelle ("bellows") from Latin folle(m) < Indo-European *bhel-; the old Spanish verb folgar (attested in the15th century) derived from Latin follicare, also ultimately from follem/follis.
The original Indo-Europeanroot for to copulate is likely to be *h3yebh- / h3eybh-, ("h3" is the H3laryngeal) which is attested inSanskrit (yabhati) and theSlavic languages (Russian ебать (yebat‘),Polish jeba?,Serbian ?ебати (jebati)), among others: compare the Greek verb οιφω, and the Greek nounζεφυρος (ref. a Greek belief that the west wind caused pregnancy).
There is perhaps aCeltic derivation; futuere being related to battuere (to strike, to copulate); which may be related toIrish bot and Manx bwoid (penis). The argument is that battuere and futuere (like the Irish and Manx words) may come from Celtic *bactuere (to pierce), from the root buc- (a point).
False etymologies
One reason that the word fuck is so hard to trace etymologically is that it was used far more extensively in common speech than in easily traceable written forms.
There are severalurban-legendfalse etymologies postulating anacronymic origin for the word. None of these acronyms was ever heard before the1960s, according to the authoritativelexicographical work, The F-Word, and thus arebackronyms. In any event, the word fuck has been in use far too long for some of these supposed origins to be possible.
One such legend holds that the word fuck came fromIrish law. If a couple were caught committingadultery, they would be punished "For UnlawfulCarnal Knowledge In the Nude", with "FUCKIN" written on thestocks above them to denote the crime.
Other explanations for fuck as an acronym for adultery offer alternative wordings, such as "Fornication UnderCarnal/Cardinal Knowledge," or "Fornication Under [the] Control/Consent/Command of the King." Variations on this theme include, "Fornication Under the Christian King", "False Use of Carnal Knowledge", "Felonious Use of Carnal Knowledge", "Felonious Unlawful Carnal Knowledge", "Full-On Unlawful Carnal Knowledge", "For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge", and "Found Under Carnal Knowledge"; and the closely related variant, "Forced Unlawful Carnal Knowledge" — a label supposedly applied to the crime ofrape.
In some reports, there aretombstones aroundEnglishcemeteries that had the word engraved inuppercase letters. These referred to those who were put to death for crimes against the state and the church. These reports have yet to be corroborated since no such tombstone has been identified. Another story is that it was written in the log book as FUCK when people in the military or navy who hadhomosexual intercourse were being punished.[citation needed]
Usage history
Main article:History of the word "fuck"
Early usage
Its first known use as a verb meaning to have sexual intercourse is in "Flen flyys", written around 1475.
William Dunbar‘s1503 poem "Brash of Wowing" includes the lines: "Yit be his feiris he wald haue fukkit: / Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane" (ll. 13–14).
Some time around1600, before the term acquired its current meaning, windfucker was an acceptable name for the bird now known as thekestrel[citation needed].
WhileShakespeare never used the term explicitly; he hinted at it in comic scenes in several plays.The Merry Wives of Windsor (IV.i) contains the expression focative case (seevocative case). InHenry V (IV.iv), Pistol threatens to firk (strike) a soldier, aeuphemism for fuck.
Rise of Modern Usage
Fuck did not appear in any widely-consulted dictionary of the English language from1795 to1965. Its first appearance in the Oxford English Dictionary (along with the wordcunt) was in1972.
In1928,D. H. Lawrence‘s novelLady Chatterley‘s Lover gained notoriety for its frequent use of the words fuck, fucked, and fucking.
Perhaps the earliest usage of the word in popular music was the1938Eddy Duchin release of theLouis Armstrong song "Ol‘ Man Mose". The words created a scandal at the time, resulting in sales of 170,000 copies during theGreat Depression years when sales of 20,000 were considered blockbuster. The verse reads:
(We believe) He kicked the bucket,
(We believe) Yeah man, buck-buck-bucket,
(We believe) He kicked the bucket and ol‘ man mose is dead,
(We believe) Ahh, fuck it!
(We believe) Buck-buck-bucket,
(We believe) He kicked the bucket and ol‘ man mose is dead.
The liberal usage of the word (and other vulgarisms) by certain artists (such asJames Joyce,Henry Miller, andLenny Bruce) has led to the banning of their works and criminal charges ofobscenity.
AfterNorman Mailer‘s publishers convinced him tobowdlerize fuck as fug in his workThe Naked and the Dead(1948),Tallulah Bankhead supposedly greeted him with thequip, "So you‘re the young man who can‘t spell fuck." (In fact, according to Mailer, the quip was devised by Bankhead‘sPR man. He and Bankhead never met until1966 and did not discuss the word then.) The rock groupThe Fugs named themselves after the Mailereuphemism.
In his novelUlysses (1922),James Joyce used a sly spellingpun for fuck (andcunt as well) with thedoggerel verse:
If you see Kay,
Tell him he may.
See you in tea,
Tell him from me.
Memphis Slim had a melancholyblues about lost love entitled "If You See Kay".
Norweigian "deathpunk" bandTurbonegro also had a track entitled "If You See Kay" on their seventh albumParty Animals (album).
The Catcher in the Rye byJ. D. Salinger featured an early use of fuck you in print. First published in the United States in 1951, the novel remains controversial to this day due to its use of the word, and offers a blunt portrayal of the main character‘s reaction to the existence of the word, and all that it means.[citation needed]
The first use of the word fuck onBritish television came onNovember 13,1965 on the satirical show BBC-3 (no relation to the present channel of that name). The theatre criticKenneth Tynan declared, apropos of nothing, that "I doubt if there are any rational people to whom the word ‘fuck‘ would be particularly diabolical, revolting or totally forbidden." Kenneth Tynan was soon-after fired for his free use of the word.[citation needed]
One of the earliest mainstreamHollywood movies to use the word fuck was directorRobert Altman‘s irreverent antiwar film,MASH, released in 1970 at the height of theVietnam War. During the football game sequence about three-quarters of the way through the film, one of the MASH linemen says to an 8063rd offensive player, "All right, bud, your fuckin‘ head is coming right off." (Interestingly, the offending word was not bleeped out on a 1985 network television broadcast of the film at 3 AM)
FormerSaturday Night Live cast memberCharles Rocket uttered the vulgarity in one of the earliest instances of its use on television, during a 1980 episode of the show, for which he was subsequently fired.[citation needed]
ComedianGeorge Carlin once commented that the word fuck ought to be considered more appropriate, because of its implications of love and reproduction, than the violence exhibited in many movies. He humorously suggested replacing the word kill with the word fuck in his comedy routine, such as in an old movie western: "Okay, sheriff, we‘re gonna fuck you, now. But we‘re gonna fuck you slow..." Or, perhaps at a baseball game: "Fuck the ump, fuck the ump, fuck the ump!" More popularly published is his famous "Filthy Words" routine, better known as "Seven Words You Can Never Say On Television."
Use in politics
Some of the information in this section may not beverified byreliable sources. It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified tocite reliable sources.
Fuck is not widely used in politics, and because of this[citation needed], any use by notable politicians tends to produce controversy. Some events of this nature include:
During the1968 Democratic National Convention,Chicago mayorRichard Daley became so enraged by a speech fromAbraham A. Ribicoff that he shouted "Fuck you, youJew motherfucker!" Daley would later claim that he was shouting "you fink, you" and calling Ribicoff a "faker." During a1971 debate in the House of Commons,Canadian Prime MinisterPierre Trudeau mouthed the words "fuck off" under his breath (perhaps almost silently) at Conservative MP John Lundrigan, while Lundrigan made some comments about unemployment. Afterward, when asked by a television reporter what he said, Mr. Trudeau famously replied "Oh, I don‘t know... fuddle duddle, or something like that". "Fuddle duddle" consequently became acatchphrase in Canadian media associated with Trudeau. The first modern use in theBritish House of Commons came in 1982 whenReg Race,Labour MP forWood Green, referred to adverts placed in local newsagents byprostitutes which read "Phone them and fuck them".Hansard, the full record of debates, printed "f*** them", but even this euphemism was deprecated by theSpeaker,George Thomas. Shortly afterTony Blair was elected Leader of theLabour Party, the then left-wing Labour MPGeorge Galloway told a public meeting "I don‘t give a fuck what Tony Blair thinks" when questioned about the party‘s move to the right. In March2002, President of the United States,George W. Bush referred to the U.S. focus on Iraq‘s leader,Saddam Hussein, "Fuck Saddam; we‘re taking him out," at a SenateRepublican Policy lunch on Capitol Hill.[3] In late2003, US presidential candidateSenatorJohn Kerry used the word fuck in an interview withRolling Stone. Referring to his vote in favor of the resolution authorizingPresidentGeorge W. Bush to use military force in Iraq, SenatorJohn Kerry stated, "I voted for what I thought was best for the country. Did I expectHoward Dean to go off to the left and say, ‘I‘m against everything‘? Sure. Did I expect George Bush to fuck it up as badly as he did? I don‘t think anybody did."[4] In June2004,US Vice PresidentDick Cheney told SenatorPatrick Leahy to either "fuck off" or "go fuck yourself" during an exchange on the floor of the Senate,[5] to whichPatrick Leahy cried foul. In February2006 (Australia),New South WalesPremierMorris Iemma, while awaiting the start of aCOAG media conference inCanberra, was chatting toVictorianPremierSteve Bracks. Not realizing cameras were operating he was recorded as saying "Today? This fuckwit who‘s the new CEO of theCross City Tunnel has ... been saying what controversy? There is no controversy."[6] The exchange referred to the newly appointed CEO of a recently-opened toll road withinSydney.
Use in marketing
In April 1997, clothing retailerFrench Connection began branding their clothes "fcuk" (usually written in lowercase). Though they insisted it was anacronym for French Connection United Kingdom, its similarity to the word "fuck" caused controversy.[7] French Connection fully exploited this and produced an extremely popular range of t-shirts with messages such as "fcuk this", "hot as fcuk", "mile high fcuk", "fcuk me", "too busy to fcuk", "fcuk football", "fcuk fashion", "fcuk fear", "fcuk on the beach", etc. The company recently announced that the "fcuk" label is to be phased out.
In Quebec city, t-shirts with the message "Fuck la mode" are quite common.[8]
Freedom of expression
In 1971, theU.S. Supreme Court decided that the mere public display of fuck is protected under theFirst andFourteenth Amendments and cannot be made a criminal offense. In 1968, Paul Robert Cohen had been convicted of "disturbing the peace" for wearing a jacket with "FUCK THE DRAFT" on it (in reference to conscription in theVietnam War). The conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeals and overturned by the Supreme Court.Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971).
In 1983,pornographerLarry Flynt, representing himself before the U.S. Supreme Court in alibel case, shouted, "Fuck this court!" during the proceedings, and then called the justices "nothing but eightassholes and a tokencunt" (referring to JusticeSandra Day O‘Connor). Chief JusticeWarren E. Burger had him arrested forcontempt of court, but the charge was later dismissed on a technicality.[9]
Popular usage
In theUnited States, theFederal Communications Commission fines stations for the broadcast of "indecent language", but in 2003 the agency‘s enforcement bureau ruled that the airing of the statement "This is really, really fucking brilliant!" byU2 memberBono after receiving aGolden Globe Award was neither obscene nor indecent. As U.S. broadcast indecency regulation only extends to depictions or descriptions of sexual or excretory functions, Bono‘s use of the word as a mereintensifier was not covered.
In early 2004, the full Commission reversed the bureau ruling, in an order that stated that "the F-word is one of the most vulgar, graphic and explicit descriptions of sexual activity in the English language"; a fine, however, has yet to result. Notwithstanding widespread usage and linguistic analysis to the contrary, the reversal was premised on the conclusion that the word fuck has always referred to sexual activity, a claim that the FCC neither explained nor supported with evidence. Even on cable television, which is not regulated by the FCC, few channels in theUnited States will broadcast the word fuck due to fear of backlash from advertisers or theFCC.
The British television showT.F.I Friday officially stood for "Thank Four It‘s Friday" (the reference to Four beingChannel Four on which the show was broadcast). However, it was widely understood in fact to stand for "Thank Fuck It‘s Friday"; it has been suggested that it would have been broadcast with that title had it not been decided to broadcast it before thewatershed. The show also holds the record for the most frequent use of the word fuck to a pre-watershed audience, owing to guestShaun Ryder using the word 9 times whilst impersonating the frontman of the bandThe Sex Pistols, despite the best efforts of Channel 4. Ryder is now the only person to appear by name in the Channel 4 policy document.[10] The show inspired another show namedO.F.I Sunday, or "Oh Fuck It‘s Sunday". By 2006 there appear to be few limitations on the use of the word after the 9pm watershed on British television, and it is commonly used.
Common alternatives
Main article:Minced oath
In conversation or writing, reference to or use of the word fuck may be replaced by any of a large list of alternative words or phrases, including "the F-word" or "the F-Bomb" (a play onA-Bomb /H-Bomb), or simply, "eff" (as in "What the eff!" or "You eff-ing fool!"). In addition, there are many commonly used substitutes, such as flipping, frigging, fricking, freaking, fire-truck or any of a number of similar sounding nonsense words. It may also be called "F-sharp" (as in the musical note)[citation needed] or "the Effenheimer". The overuse of swear words is often called "F-ing and blinding". In print, there are alternatives such as, "F***", "F - - k", etc.; or the use of a string of non-alphanumeric characters, for example, "@$#*%!" (especially favored in comic books).
In the popular 1983 film,A Christmas Story, Ralph, the main character, says the offensive word, but written into the script is its own censorship, for the audience only hears the boy say fudge. The highly popular comedyMeet the Parents spawned a 2004 sequel with theeponymous title,Meet the Fockers.
In some televisionscience fiction shows, altered versions of the word have been created to allow characters to express themselves without getting into trouble with the censors. For example, inFarscape the word isfrell, and inBattlestar Galactica the word isfrack, whileRed Dwarf usessmeg in a similar context. In the seriesFirefly, the characters will often switch toMandarin to swear, again avoiding any accusations of indecency. A similar ploy was used in the IrishsitcomFather Ted, where the characters regularly sayfeck (although the term was not invented by the show‘s creators).
In the long running science-fiction Future Dystopic British comic2000 AD (comic) andJudge Dredd the words ‘Drokk‘ and ‘Stomm‘ were created by the authors to avoid the censorship issue during the 1970s, whilst also creating expletives that still had the carthartic release mechanism by the way it sounded when voiced by the main character.
In the popular science fiction series byDouglas Adams,The Hitchhiker‘s Guide to the Galaxy, the word fuck is replaced in common usage by the characters as zark. In the bookSo Long, and Thanks for All the Fish, the narrator openly uses the word in the sexual connotation. In the original version ofLife, the Universe and Everything the word is a basis of a short joke. In the U.S. version, however, it is replaced with the wordBelgium and a scene from theradio series involving that word is added almost verbatim, although in a completely different context.[11]
In the popularNBC television seriesScrubs, female doctorElliot Reid consistently uses the word "frick."
Other languages
Afrikaans
InAfrikaans, the slang word fok has been adopted as an Afrikaans equivalent of fuck (and fokkof as "fuck off"), due to the influence of English media and language inSouth Africa. It is sometimes written vok as in Dutch (where it means breed) but the pronunciation is identical. In the past it was sometimes used to indicate sexual intercourse, but this is not longer the case. In Afrikaans the strong expletive for sexual intercourse has always been and remains naai. Coincidentally, the Afrikaans word neuk, which resembles neuken, a Dutch equivalent of fuck, is used in the context of to strike.[citation needed]
Chinese languages
TheShanghainese verb and adjective 发格 fage is derived from the English "fuck" and is used in the exasperated context of things or people "fucking up" or "being difficult." Although fage is often used pejoratively, the term has lost its sexual connotations. InCantonese, the slang word屌 diu is used in a similar way as the English word "fuck." Similar terms inMandarin are肏 cào (sometimes written操),幹 (simplified干) gàn, and搞 gǎo, the latter used more commonly inTaiwan.
French
InFrench, the word forseal (the animal) is phoque; the word forforesail is foc. Their pronunciation in French resembles that of the word fuck in English. InFrance, phoque or foc sounds like the British pronunciation of fuck while inQuébec French, they sound like theNorth American English pronunciation, due toregional influences (although this actually is coincidental, and has neither term has any relation to the English word). As well, the English term has been adopted as the adjective fucké, a slang term commonly used inQuébec French to describe something that is broken or off-kilter, or someone who is not in their right mind. It is not considered particularly offensive.
In Québec, the French word tabernacle, meaning thechurch tabernacle, is often used in the same way as fuck in English, except in sexual-related usage. It is only used as interjection, noun or adverb. Other Québécois-French swear words (which are pretty much all of clergical origin) such as Christ, calice ([chalice]) and hostie (communion wafer or host) are much more versatile, particularly when used in combination. Although commonly used, these terms are considered much worse since they areblasphemous, rather than merely vulgar. They are widely used as a the only remaining part of the backlash against the domination of Québec society by theRoman Catholic church, which lasted until the "Quiet Revolution" of the 1960‘s.
Note that in Québec French, English swearwords such as "shit" (or the French equivalent, merde) and "fuck" are considered to be much less offensive than if used in the same context for an English speaking person, since they are merely vulgar, or crude, and not blasphemous.
German
The word "to fuck" literally translates as ficken, but the force of "fuck" usually equates with Scheiße (shit), or Mist (crap ormanure). Nonetheless the exclamation "fuck" itself has been borrowed into German as a swear word and is in occasional to frequent use among some (especially younger) Germans. Ficken is used much in the same way fuck is used in English and have a pronounced vulgar meaning for other (especially older) speakers.Thomas Pynchon popularized the German word among English speakers in hisGravity‘s Rainbow through his use of the phrase "Fickt nicht mit dem Raketenmensch!" ("Don‘t fuck with the rocket man!")[citation needed]
Official censorship for language or voluntary "self-censorship" as in using alternative expressions like "the F word" is far less common in German (although Scheiße may be seen as Sch...). In addition, geographical regions differ with respect to usage and perceived profanity of swear words.[citation needed]
In the German language there aregermanized forms of the word, like the pseudo-anglicism abgefuckt "fucked up". German as a language, especially in colloquial and often young slang, borrows deeply from English, including a limited number of English swear words; the two most common examples are fuck and shit (although North German Schiete also means "shit," but is not a loan word). Scheiße is fairly well understood as an expletive among English speakers, although often mis-pronounced with medial [z] instead of [s].[citation needed]
The verb ficken is historically used also in a non-sexual context, but still is related to friction. Examples include:
ein Schwert ficken: the process of cleaning Slag, Tinder and Ash off aSword‘s blade after blacksmithing it; this is done by hanging a Sandbag from the ceiling, lancing the blade through it and then quickly moving the sword back and forth until the blade is clean the medieval process of forcefully opening a door with the use of abattering ram.
The German word Fock (/f?k/) means "foresail".
More recently, the abbreviationFAQ has been used on German websites and forums, for example on theGerman wikipedia subsite. The pronunciation is not clearly defined: each letter can be pronounced separately (??f e? ?kju?) or as one syllable (f?k, which is similar to the US American pronunciation of fuck). Due to this coincidence (and also to avoid confusion regarding the abbreviation in itself), the acronym FAQ is generally changed into the full term "Frequently Asked Questions" or into the literal German translation "Häufig gestellte Fragen" in formal everyday speech.
Latin
InLatin, the verb facere translates both as "to make" and "to do". The stem fac– is commonly pronounced as /fak/, and so facit ("he/she/it does") would be pronounced /fakit/. The singular imperative fac (meaning "Make!" or "Do!") is also pronounced /fak/.
The Latin word for "to fuck" isfutuere.
Romanian
As in Latin, the verb facere translates both as "to make" and "to do". The first person singular of the verb is (eu) fac - (I) do, pronounced also like in Latin, /fak/.
The Romanian word for "to fuck" isa fute,futere.
Norwegian
InNorwegian, the word fokk means eitherforesail or something that gets blown in strongwind; drifting snow (snøfokk) or streaks of foam and spray at sea.[12] A Norwegian expletive which is somewhat analogous to the English fuck is the word faen. This is short for fanden, a Norwegian word for devil.[citation needed] Knulle or pule is the most vulgar Norwegian colloquialism describing sexual intercourse. It is also common to use fuck in Norwegian conversations, like "fuck dette, jeg vil gjøre noe annet", ("fuck this, I want to do something else").[citation needed]
Swedish
InSwedish, themorpheme fack is pronounced almost identically to the English fuck, and means a box or compartment, for example a letterbox for internal mail. As a prefix, the morpheme fack refers to something pertaining to a certain trade or profession, for example in the words facklitteratur (literature pertaining to a certain profession) and fackförening (trade union, colloquially referred to as facket).
Fuck can also be used in colloquial Swedish as an English loan word, with basically the same meanings as in English.[citation needed]
Extensions and combinations
Despite being a very offensice term in English and many other languages, "fuck" is tremendously linguistically versatile in modern usage. Often, the word "fuck" is expanded, or combined with other words to give variations in meaning.
Fuck off
Fuck Off is an expletive derived from "fuck", meaning "go away". A phrase of British origin (rather like "bugger off"), it has since entered into common usage around the world; an American counterpart derived from it is "go fuck yourself". In some countries where the locals‘ only exposure toEnglish has been around people likely to use coarse language, such as nearmilitary bases, "fuck off" has been used as asynonym for "leave" or "go away". InNew Zealand, and increasingly in theUnited Kingdom "Fuck off" can be used to describe large size: "I just caught a fuck off sized trout". A governor of a formerBritish colony once suggested that "in the long view of history, theBritish Empire will be remembered only for two things" — the game offootball and the expletive "fuck off".[13]
Fucker
An extension of the word to formulate a noun indicating a particluar individual (e.g. you fucker!", or "those fuckers". Considered very offensive and and an abusive term.[14]
Fuck this/that
Often used as "fuck this (or that) noise", this combination indicates total dismissal of a situation or idea. Examples of usage would include: "fuck this noise, I‘m leaving" and "fuck that [idea]".[15]
Give a fuck
In this context, it means a tiny amount; an iota. "I don‘t give a fuck", would roughly translate to "I don‘t care".[16] Also occasionally in larger combinations, as in "I don‘t give a sweet flying fuck" - and example of dismissivehyperbole.
Fuck up
As a verb-adverb combination, to make serious error or mistake ("don‘t fuck up"). If used in the past tense (fucked up), to indicate something very maladjucted, misaligned, poorly done or ruined ("his car was fucked up after the accident"). Also used to indicate physical or emotional disturbance ("he‘s fucked up"). Commonly used in the military to formacronyms, such asFUBAR orSNAFU. Occasionally the "up" is dropped, as in: "How is his car? It‘s fucked."[17]
If hyphenated (fuck-up), the combination becomes a noun indicating a mess or badly fouled situation, or as a derogatory term to indicate a person who is inept, clumsy or careless.[18]
Good/bad fuck
Very coarse slang to indicate someone‘s sexual proficiency. Also with "mediocre", "great", "superb" or other modifier.[19]
Fuck all
Absolutely nothing, zero, as in: "I‘ve got fuck all in my wallet".[20]
Fuckhead
A noun indicating someone who is contemtible, lowly, or evil; worse than a fuck-up, who may merely be clumsy.[21]
Fucking
Intensive adverbial or adjectival form to show extreme annnoyance or disgust ("that fucking thing").[22]
Fuck over
Transitive verb form, meaning to deal unfairly with; to cheat.[23]
Fuck around/about
Intransitive verb form, meaning to not take seriously, to not do one‘s job, or to delay. Also, to mess around with, wear out or ruin.[24]
Cluster fuck
A fouled-up group or situation.[25]
Notes and references
^What is the origin of the word fuck?,dictionary.com (Archived link from theInternet Archive)^American Heritage Dictionary definition of fuck^http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2835.htm^http://web.archive.org/web/20040209044729/http://www.nypost.com/news/nationalnews/43544.htm^ Dewar, Helen & Dana Milbank."Cheney Dismisses Critic With Obscenity",Washington Post, 25 June 2004^ AAP."Anger good, swearing bad: Iemma",The Age, 11 February 2006^"Time called on FCUK posters", BBC News, 4 April 2001^[1]^ David Bowman, "Citizen Flynt", Salon.com, 2004 July 8.^Compliance Manual. Channel 4 108.^http://web.archive.org/web/20030214214643/http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~nhughes/dna/faqs/diff.html^http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/ordboksoek/ordbok.cgi?OPP=fokk^Hitchens, Christopher (Jul. 6, 2004).A Very, Very Dirty Word. Slate.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Used frequently by actorClint Eastwood in the movieHeartbreak Ridge.
Notes
^What is the origin of the word fuck?,dictionary.com (Archived link from theInternet Archive)^American Heritage Dictionary definition of fuck^http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2835.htm^http://web.archive.org/web/20040209044729/http://www.nypost.com/news/nationalnews/43544.htm^ Dewar, Helen & Dana Milbank."Cheney Dismisses Critic With Obscenity",Washington Post, 25 June 2004^ AAP."Anger good, swearing bad: Iemma",The Age, 11 February 2006^"Time called on FCUK posters", BBC News, 4 April 2001^[2]^ David Bowman, "Citizen Flynt", Salon.com, 2004 July 8.^Compliance Manual. Channel 4 108.^http://web.archive.org/web/20030214214643/http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~nhughes/dna/faqs/diff.html^http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/ordboksoek/ordbok.cgi?OPP=fokk^Hitchens, Christopher (Jul. 6, 2004).A Very, Very Dirty Word. Slate.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Barber, K., ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press, Toronto.^ Used frequently by actorClint Eastwood in the movieHeartbreak Ridge.
Further reference
Hargrave, Andrea Millwood (2000).Delete Expletives? London: Advertising Standards Authority, British Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting Standards Commission, Independent Television Commission.Jesse Sheidlower, The F Word (1999)ISBN 0-375-70634-8. Presents hundreds of uses of fuck and related words. Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, OUP,1995,ISBN 0-19-431197-X Phillip J. Cunningham, Zakennayo!: The Real Japanese You Were Never Taught in School, Plume (1995)ISBN 0-452-27506-7 Wayland Young, Eros Denied: Sex in Western Society. Grove Press/Zebra Books, New York1964.
See also
List of films ordered by uses of the word fuckSexual slangProfanityCensorshipFour-letter wordEuphemismFucking, AustriaKCUFMadonna on LettermanSeven dirty wordsFCUKHarcourt interpolation
Derivative words
FeckMotherfuckerRatfuckingBrainfuckUncle Fucka
External links
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Re: the Cheney-Leahy incident, slate.com discusses how American newspapers decide whether or not to print fuck."Online Etymology Dictionary." Some Etymology ResearchUsage of the Word Fuck (sound file), a famous (though factually incorrect) piece of Internet humor, variously and incorrectly attributed toMonty Python andGeorge Carlin. Recorded anonymously with aVivaldi soundtrack, it is believed to be the voice ofJack Wagner.[5]Flash animation of the above sound file.YouTube version of the above sound file.Fuck, academic paper exploring the legal implications of the word, byChristopher M. Fairman,Ohio State University - Michael E. Moritz College of Law March 2006. Ohio State Public Law Working Paper No. 59
Seven Dirty Words
shit •piss • fuck •cunt •cocksucker •motherfucker •tits
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