伯恰塔(Bachata)-神马文学网

　　Bachata(伯恰塔)：发源于中南美洲，Bachate的音乐浪漫缠绵。舞伴们身体紧靠面对面地左右移动舞步。也有些旋转的动作。二人面对面享受音乐的舞蹈方式，成为大家最喜爱的party舞蹈方式之一。

　　

　　From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

　　Bachata, a form of music and dance that originated in the countryside and rural marginal neighborhoods of Dominican Republic. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. In fact, the original term used to name the genre was "amargue" ("bitterness," or "bitter music"), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular.

　　bachata是一种源自多米尼加共和国农村及边远地区的音乐和舞蹈类型。通常主题都是关于浪漫，特别是悲伤的感情。实际上这种类型最早被称为amargue（辛酸或者悲伤音乐），后来才以bachata这个模棱两可的（相对中性）名称广为人知。

　　Bachata was created and primarily used by servants, who used to play it when they got off of work. They made the music out of ordinary objects like those commonly found in a backyard (Trashcans, Fences,etc). In some rural areas of the Dominican Republic, bachata means trash, but most citizens agree that it means a party. Others say that bachata is derived from the Italian Ballata, which was a popular form of music in Italy centuries ago.

　　佣工们创造了bachata，这是他们下班后的娱乐活动。他们通常用后院随手可得的物品演奏（垃圾桶，长篙等）。在多米尼加部分农村地区，bachata意思是垃圾，不过在大多数城市居民看来，bachata意思是聚会。也有人称bachata是由意大利语的ballata演变而来，ballata是意大利几个世纪前流行的一种流行的音乐类型。

　　Bachata grew out of - and is still closely related to - the pan Latin-American romantic style called bolero. Over time, it has been influenced by merengue - a fast paced danceable music also native to the Dominican Republic - and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles.

　　bachata脱胎于泛拉美地区的浪漫风格bolero，直到目前仍然与其紧密联系。演变过程中也受到merengue（源自多米尼加共和国的一种可以舞蹈的快节奏音乐）和许多拉美吉他演奏风格的影响。

　　The music itself is played in 4/4. The most recognizable aspect of bachata instrumentation is the use of an amplified guitar (either electric or acoustic) whose sound has been doctored with a flanger, reverb, echo, or a combination of the three. The use of arpeggiated chords as the basis for the melody is almost standard. An additional guitar, called the 'segunda' or rhythm guitar is usually mixed at a lower volume, and provides syncopation. An electric bass guitar and güira help anchor the rhythm - with the güira sounding a bit like a high-hat (in pre 1990s bachata, maracas were played instead of güira). The use of the bongo drum further solidifies the basic beat, and provides and percussive accents in transition points - for instance right before a chorus.

　　bachata是4/4拍。显著的特征是使用带放大器的吉他（电吉他和普通吉他都可），加上镶边，混响，回音等音效，用分解和弦演奏，通常是标准曲调。以segunda吉他（或称节奏吉他）调低音量，切分伴奏。用电贝司和güira（一种打击乐器，音色类似high-hat）保持节奏（上世纪90年代之前，使用maracas而不是Güira）。bongo鼓更加强化了节奏，同时在转调时（例如合唱之前）提供重音提示。

　　Contents

　　[hide]

　　1 History

　　2 Dance

　　3 Notes

　　4 References

　　5 Films

　　6 See also

　　7 External links

　　[edit] History

　　Derived from the Latin American tradition of guitar music, and originally named for the crude bars and clubs where guitarists and singers would perform, bachata emerged in the 1960s. According to a documentary,[1] the Beatles cover of Till There Was You (first performed in 1963) helped inspire the genre. Even though some set the origins of Bachata to the early 60s, Bachata-like guitar music was played in the brothels of the El Salvador for long before that.

　　历史

　　bachata源自拉美传统吉他音乐，定形于上世纪60年代，这一词最初被用来称呼有吉他手和歌手表演的下等酒吧和俱乐部。据记载[1]披头士的歌曲 till there was you（1963年）对bachata有启发。也有人认为bachata源自60年代早期，当时类似bachata的吉他音乐在萨尔瓦多的妓院里已经流行很久了。

　　As popular radio filled the air waves with merengue and salsa, bachata musicians and their sponsors were forced to develop a a grass-roots system of producing and distributing their music. As with most styles of Latin American music, bachata is predominantly performed by male singers. Some of the important early bachateros are José Manuel Calderón (musician), Eladio Romero Santos, Edilio Paredes, Luis Segura, Ramon Cordero, and Rafael Encarnación.

　　当时大众电台充斥着merengue和salsa，bachata音乐家和支持者不得不以草根方式制作和传播他们的音乐。和其他拉美音乐一样，bachata歌手主要是男性。部分著名的早期bachata音乐家是José Manuel Calderón （演奏）, Eladio Romero Santos，Edilio Paredes，Luis Segura，Ramon Cordero 和 Rafael Encarnación。

　　The bachata played today uses electric guitar and has phrasing which is more rhythmic and groove-like than in earlier styles. The evolution to electric has perhaps helped make bachata more accessible.

　　现在的bachata使用电吉他演奏，比过去的风格更注重节奏，groove味更重。电子乐的发展可能也让bachata更加为人所接受。

　　Some associate Juan Luis Guerra's Grammy winning 1992 release, Bachata Rosa, with bachata's rise in legitimacy and international recognition. Others argue that Guerra had very little to do with bachata's rise, and that, although he used the word 'bachata' in an album title, he never actually even recorded a song in the bachata style.

　　有人认为Juan Luis Guerra的格莱美获奖专辑Bachata Rosa对bachata的流行起了推动作用，也有人不这么认为，尽管Guerra在他的专辑名称里使用了bachata这个词，他从来没有一首歌是bachata风格的。

　　At present 2006, the Dominican group Aventura is probably the best known bachata group worldwide with its single "Obsesion" having dominated for a long time radio play both in Latin America, US Latino markets, and countries as distant as Italy and Sweden. While he is superseded in the international audience by Aventura, for the Dominican audience, the most popular of the modern bachateros have been Antony Santos & Luis Vargas . Other artists of note include Raulin Rodriguez, Zacarias Ferreira, Frank Reyes, Monchy y Alexandra, Domenic Marte, Xtreme, Andy Andy,Elvis Martinez, Leonardo Paniagua, Los Toros Band, and Joe Veras.

　　目前2006年，多米尼加的Aventura也许是世界最著名的bachata乐队，他们的专辑Obsesion在拉美，美国的拉丁族群，甚至远至意大利和瑞典都风靡很久。尽管在国际上Aventura广为人知，对多米尼加人来说，最受欢迎的bachala音乐家是Antony Santos和Luis Vargas。其他值得一提的还有Raulin Rodriguez, Zacarias Ferreira, Frank Reyes, Monchy y Alexandra, Domenic Marte, Xtreme, Andy Andy,Elvis Martinez, Leonardo Paniagua, Los Toros Band, 和 Joe Veras。

　　[edit] Dance

　　The basic footwork is a series of simple steps that produce a back and forth or sideways motion. A schematic footwork would be as follows: starting with the right foot make a chasse to the right on counts 1,2,3. On 4, touch the left toe beside your right foot (alternatively, tapping the left toe in place, i.e., apart from the right foot, make an upwards jerk with the left hip). Then do the same from your left foot. The character of the dance is achieved through sensual hip and body movements.

　　See also: Video clips with instructions on how to dance bachata and examples of people dancing

　　舞蹈

　　基本舞步很简单，主要是前进，后退和侧步动作。一个简单的例子：右脚起步，123追步向右走，4左脚碰右脚（另一种方式是左脚原地点一下，即不碰右脚，左臀带动上提），然后左脚起步向左重复。通过臀部和身体性感的律动体现舞蹈的精髓。　　