神马文学网对每个家庭和司机都重要的研究-鼓励司机们多花一分钟的时间来拯救一个孩子的生命
来源：百度文库 编辑：神马文学网 时间：2024/04/29 15:45:28
以每小时30米的时速行驶对儿童视觉能力来说太快
无名指Carly
于2010-11-29 23:18:35翻译 | 已有430人浏览
慢一点行驶可能就会拯救一个孩子的生命。在孩子的视觉觉察机制成
A study by researchers at Royal Holloway, University of London revealsthat primary school children cannot accurately judge the speed ofvehicles travelling faster than 20 mph.研究人员测量了100名在校小学生的认知敏锐度，并计算出他们确实能够判断的速度。结果表明，虽然成年行人能够准确判断时速大于50米的车辆，但对小学的孩子们来说，一旦车辆的时速大于每小时20米，他们就不能够准确判断。这项调查的带头人——来自皇家霍洛威学院心理系的约翰沃教授说：“这并不是孩子们不去注意的问题，而是一个关乎低水平的视觉察觉机制问题，所以即使当孩子们非常注意，他们也很可能无法察觉一个快速驶近的车辆。”
Theresearchers measured the perceptual acuity of more than 100 children inprimary schools, and calculated the speed of approach that they couldreliably detect. The results suggest that while adult pedestrians canmake accurate judgments for vehicles travelling up to 50mph, children ofprimary school age become unreliable once the approach speed goes above20mph, if the car is five seconds away. Professor John Wann, from theDepartment of Psychology at Royal Holloway, who led the research, says:"This is not a matter of children not paying attention, but a problemrelated to low-level visual detection mechanisms, so even when childrenare paying very close attention they may fail to detect a fastapproaching vehicle."
研究者们正考虑通过使用虚拟视觉系统来让孩子们更加注意到即将发生的故障这一方法的可能性，但沃教授强调，最简单的解决方法在于交通规则。“这些发现提供了强有力的证据，那就是当车辆的时速在每小时30~40米时，孩子们在过十字路口时可能做出极危险的判断，另外，孩子们很可能在那些时速更快的车辆前行走，这也更可能导致不幸。在一个居民区，以每小时20而不是30米的速度行驶一米仅使行驶时间增加60秒——我们鼓励司机们多花一分钟的时间来拯救一个孩子的生命。”
Theresearchers are now looking at the potential for using virtual realitysystems to make children more aware of the errors that may occur, butProfessor Wann stresses that the simplest solution lies in trafficregulation: "These findings provide strong evidence that children maymake risky crossing judgements when vehicles are travelling at 30 or40mph and in addition the vehicles that they are more likely to step infront of are the faster vehicles that are more likely to result in afatality. Travelling one mile through a residential area at 20mph versus30mph will only add 60 seconds to your journey time -- we encouragedrivers to take a minute and save a child's life."这项发表在国际期刊《心理学》的研究，属于一项更大计划的一部分，这项计划是由经济与社会研究委员会发起赞助，旨在了解能够导致行人交通事故的知觉因素。研究小组最近已经在《英国皇家学会议程》上发表了大脑成像的研究，表明在察觉碰撞事故方面一个重要的因素在于脑干水平，这是一个低级别的早期检测系统，类似于在其他动物如鸽子中发现的那样。
Thestudy, which is published in the international journal PsychologicalScience, is part of a larger project sponsored by the 'Economic andSocial Research Council (ESRC), in order to understand the perceptualfactors than can lead to pedestrian accidents. The research group hasrecently published brain imaging research in the Proceedings of theRoyal Society to show that some of the key components for detectingcollision events lie at the brain-stem level, which is a low-level earlydetection system, similar to that found in other animals, such aspigeons.
皇家霍洛威学院的研究小组整个夏天都在伦敦科学博物馆示范的他们的调查，有500个参观者尝试了他们的测试。正在进行中的相关项目还包括由英国皇家学会赞助的防止事故计划，旨在研究年长的司机们在三岔路口时做出的判断，还有一项计划是研究为何较多的摩托车驾驶者们被牵涉到了被列为“看了，可是没有看到”这样的事故。
RoyalHolloway's research group ran demonstrations of their research studiesin the London Science Museum over the summer where 500 visitors triedtheir tests. Related ongoing projects include a study sponsored by TheRoyal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) looking at thejudgments of older drivers at road junctions, as well as a study lookingat why motorcycles have a higher risk of being involved in accidentsclassified as 'looked but failed to see'.