美国独特的时代产物-嬉皮运动

　　Whenever the 1960's are mentioned one immediately thinks of hippies. Though hippies exist today it was during the sixties that this sub-culture emerged and were at their strongest. Back then Hippies were regarded as a counter-culture that threatened to disrupt normal society. Today they are viewed a little more favourably and with some nostalgia.

　　无论什么时候，一提到20世纪60年代，人们就会马上联想到嬉皮。虽然今天也有嬉皮，但这种亚文化群是在60年代才出现的，并在那时达到了其巅峰状态。那个时候，嬉皮文化被看作是一个对常人社会有破坏性威胁的非主流文化。今天，对待它们的态度就友善多了，而且还夹杂着一些怀旧色彩。

　　Like all other sub-cultures, hippies developed their own fashion and lingo. They were, and still are, immediately identifiable by their hairstyles, clothes and speech. Many of the slang words that ①evolved from the sub-cultures of the sixties have entered into the speech of a much broader spectrum of society and are used by many young people today. Most people are unaware that the s they use originated with the hippie 'scene' more than thirty years ago. 'Far out dude!'

　　与其它亚文化群一样，嬉皮文化也形成了一套自己的时尚与语言风格。一看到他们的发型、服饰，一听到他们的话语，就马上可以知道他们的身份，过去是这样，现在也是这样。由60年代的这些亚文化群发展而来的俚语当中，有许多被更为广泛的社会团体所借鉴，现在就有很多年轻人在使用这些词汇。而大多数人没有意识到，他们使用的这些表达方式来自于30多年前的嬉皮“文化”。“好极了，兄弟！”

　　How, exactly, can one define a hippie? The word hippie refers to someone who is 'hip'. To 'be hip' means to ②be consistent with the latest trends and ideas. Although a fashionable person of the 21st century can still be described as 'hip', they would not be referred to as a hippie. A hippie is someone who was able to 'dig' and 'get it on with' the 'groovy' ideas of the sixties.

　　怎样才能准确地给嬉皮下定义呢？“嬉皮”这个词指的是那些“时髦的”人。“be hip”的意思就是紧跟最新的潮流和思想。尽管21世纪的时尚人士仍旧可以被形容为“时髦的”，但他们不会被当作一个嬉皮。嬉皮是指那些能够“享受”和“尝试”60年代“新奇”想法的人。

　　The hippies ③started out as young Americans who were opposed to the Vietnam War. They called themselves 'conscientious objectors' and refused to be conscripted. They were opposed to violence and believed that the positive energy of peaceful thoughts and expressions, or 'flower power', could solve the problems of the world. They challenged the established norms of society and the 'hang ups' caused by traditional morals, which they referred to as 'the system'. They decided to lead an alternative lifestyle and 'drop out'.

　　反对越战的美国青年开了嬉皮文化的先河。他们把自己称为“有良知的反对者”，并且拒绝参军入伍。他们反对使用暴力，相信和平的思想与表达方式所产生的积极能量，即“花的力量”，可以解决世界上的问题。他们挑战社会的既有规范和传统道德观的“禁区”。这些规范和禁区被他们称为“体制”。他们决定引导另一种生活方式，并“沉沦”下去。

　　Disillusioned with the materialism and capitalism of the west, hippies explored the religions and philosophies of the east. The music and fashions of the sixties reflects the 'Aquarian' beliefs of this unique and 'rad' generation.

　　嬉皮们从西方的唯物主义和资本主义中醒悟出来，随后开始探索东方的宗教和哲学。60年代的音乐与时尚就反映了这个独特、“出色”的一代人的“宝瓶”信念。

　　So how would one recognize a hippie? The most common trait is long hair. Having long hair or an 'afro' today ④by no stretch of the imagination indicates that someone is a 'flower child'. In the sixties, however, a man having long hair implied that he was 'turned on' to free thinking and found traditional rules to be a 'drag'. A hippie would also wear colourful clothing with abstract patterns known as 'tie-dye'. Intense colours were popular as they reflected the 'psychedelic' experiences that hippies pursued. The most common type of accessories were beads that represented love. These were called 'love beads'. 'Out of sight, man! '

　　那么，怎样才能识别嬉皮的身份呢？其最普遍的特征就是长发。在今天留着一头长发或梳理着一个“非洲式”发型的话，肯定不能表明这个人就是“花之子”。然而，在60年代，一个男人要是留着长发，就意味着他受到了“启蒙”、要转向自由思考的方式，并表明他发现了传统规定是个“拖累”。嬉皮还会穿图案抽象的彩色服饰，这种衣服被称为“扎染”。浓重的色彩很流行，因为它们反映了嬉皮所追求的“迷幻”体验。最常见的饰物类型就是象征着爱的珠子。这些珠子被称为“爱之珠”。“太酷了，哥们！”

　　Hippies usually avoided the 'downer' of the real world by escaping to the wilds to enjoy the 'buzz' of nature, make 'heavy' observations about life and enjoy 'free love'. These centres of hippie life were called 'communes'. A 'commune' was a community of people sharing possessions, living accommodations and work (or lack thereof). The dwellings where they would 'crash' after a hard day working the land usually consisted of simple houses or tents. 'Right on!'

　　为了躲避现实世界中的“不利局面”，嬉皮们通常会逃往荒野地带，以便享受自然带来的“愉悦”、“深入”观察生活并尽享“自由之爱”。这些嬉皮们的生活聚集地被称作“公社”。 “公社”就是人们分享财富、住所、共同劳动（或根本不劳动）的社区。他们居住的地方往往只是一些简单的房屋或帐篷，在辛勤耕作一天之后他们会在那里“栖身”。“棒极了！”

　　To understand more about hippies seeing the movie Easyrider is a must. This story about two men riding motorcycles across America in search of freedom is the ultimate hippie flick. Along the way they visit a 'commune' and 'freak out' in a New Orleans cemetery. Eventually, their quest for a free life ends in tragedy, as the rest of society cannot tolerate their independence. 'Bummer!'

　　要了解更多的嬉皮文化，就必须看一部叫做《逍遥骑士》的电影。这是一部纯粹的嬉皮电影，它讲述了两个人骑着摩托车周游全美寻找自由的故事。他们在途中访问了一个“公社”，并在新奥尔良墓地“逍遥”了一遭。最后，他们的自由生活探索之旅以悲剧收场，因为社会上的其他人不能容忍他们的特立独行。“倒霉！”

　　Not everybody in the sixties was a hippy. Even at the peak of this movement hippies were still a minority group. People who were not 'hip' were known as 'straight' or 'square'. The word 'square' is still used today to describe somebody who is very conservative or boring. Hence, when inviting somebody to a party, the expression '⑤be there or be square' is used.

　　在60年代，并非每个人都是嬉皮。即使在这个运动的鼎盛时期，嬉皮也只是一个少数群体。那些不“时髦的”人被称为“死板”或“保守”。“square”这个词现在仍被用来形容那些非常保守或无趣的人。所以，在邀请某人参加一个聚会时，就用到了这个词组“be there or be square”。

　　Where have all the hippies gone? Hippies can still be found today, but one has to look hard. They can be seen in the cafes of Amsterdam, on the beaches of Goa or hiding away in remote mountain artist colonies. They are no longer feared as dangerous or subversive but anachronistic and slightly ridiculous. In comparison with some of the sub-cultures that are knocking around today, hippies seem quite positive and tame. After all, they were only over-idealistic young people with romantic notions about changing the world for the better.

　　嬉皮都到哪里去了呢？今天仍然可以寻觅到嬉皮的身影，但必须仔细去找。在阿姆斯特丹的咖啡馆里、在果阿的海滩上，或在深山里的艺术家聚集地中都可以找到嬉皮。他们不再被人们警惕为危险或破坏分子，而是一个时代观念混乱、稍显荒唐的群体。而与一些今天的亚文化群相比，嬉皮文化似乎是相当积极向上且温顺的。毕竟，他们只是一群过度理想化的年轻人，脑中充斥着缔造更美好世界的浪漫想法而已。

　　The large bulk of hippies from the sixties 'sold out', settled down, got office jobs and moved to middle class suburbs. They can only be identified today by looking at their old photo albums and music collections. Otherwise, they lead relatively boring normal lives and can now only fondly reminisce about the 'Age of Aquarius'.

　　在60年代的那批嬉皮群体当中，大部分人都“背离了信念”，安定下来，当上了办公室职员，并移居到中产阶级居住的郊区生活。现在，要找出这些人的话，只有翻看他们的老相册和音乐收藏才能知道。另一方面，他们过着一种相对无聊的正常生活，而且只能深情地缅怀以往的“宝瓶时代”。sub-culture /`s7bk7ltH9/ n.亚文化群

　　disrupt /dis`r7pt/ v.使中断；使分裂

　　nostalgia /n4s`t2ldEi9/ n.怀旧之情

　　lingo /`liMG9u/ n.行话；隐语

　　spectrum /`spektr9m/ n.型谱

　　conscript /`k4nskript/ vt.征募

　　norm /n5m/ n.标准；规范

　　disillusion /,disi`l6E9n/ v.醒悟

　　dwelling /`dweliM/ n.住处

　　quest /kwest/ n.寻求

　　subversive /s7b`v8siv/ adj.颠覆性的；破坏性的

　　anachronistic /9,n2kr9`nistik/ adj.时代错误的

　　bulk /b7lk/ n.大部份；大半

　　reminisce /,remi`nis/ v.回忆

　　① evolve from由……进化（发展）而来

　　② be consistent with 与……保持一致

　　③ start out 开始；出发

　　④ by no stretch of the imagination 绝对不；肯定不

　　⑤ be there or be square 不见不散

　　YOU'D BETTER REMEMBER:

　　嬉皮运动 — “嬉皮运动”实际是美国50年代“垮掉的一代”的一个变种延续，是一场自发的“群众运动”。嬉皮们主张仁爱、反对暴力、提倡和平主义和利他主义；他们留着长发、穿着奇装异服，与尔虞我诈的社会现实针锋相对。由于没人能控制其发展规模和方向，所以“嬉皮运动”以美国旧金山的松树岭地区为中心，以势不可挡的威力席卷欧美，对欧美的文化形态及生活方式都产生了深远的影响。scene — 更多的时候，这个词在嬉皮文化当中是指“场所”、“情况”和“氛围”之类的意思，是一个既具体又有些抽象的词汇。

　　far out — 在嬉皮文化中，这个词组的意思是“非常有趣的”、“很好”、“很棒”的意思。通常这个词组是作为一个感叹语使用，意思 与“好极了”相近。

　　dude — 这个词原意是“花花公子”，但在嬉皮文化当中，却被当作同仁之间的称呼语，意思近于“哥们”、“伙计”等。

　　drop out — 这个词组在嬉皮文化当中是指放弃、超脱于既有的正常社会规范，不受传统的束缚，有点世人眼中“自甘堕落”的意思。但在他们自己看来，这却是一个新的、好的开始。

　　rad — 这个词是“radical”的缩略语，意思不是“激进的”或“基本的”。它被嬉皮们赋予了新的意思，即“出色的”、“很好的”、“特棒的”的意思。现在，这个词也经常被使用来表达“好”的意思。

　　Aquarian / Age of Aquarius — 在西方的星象中，宝瓶属水象。而水就代表着和平与安宁。而嬉皮们所倡导的就是爱与和平。所以，“Aquarian”就成了其信念的一个代名词。所以，他们把其信念称为“Aquarian beliefs”，并把他们所属的时代称为“Age of Aquarius”。

　　flower child —嬉皮们把和平的思想与表达方式所产生的积极能量称为“花的力量”，所以他们自己就是“花之子”。

　　out of sight —在嬉皮文化中，这个词组是“好”的意思。类似于我们现在常用的流行语——“酷”。

　　right on — 嬉皮们常常挂在嘴边的感叹语，表示极大的赞同和认可，意思近于“棒极了”、“好极了”。

　　bummer —虽然这个词的原意是“ 无赖，游民”的意思，但在嬉皮文化当中，这是一个形容不好形势或局面的词。意思是“倒霉”、“失望”等。

　　sold out — 这个词组是讲，一个人把自己的信念和信仰一扫而光，全“卖光了”。所以，其引申的意思就是“背离了信念”、“放弃了自己的理想”。