10年大学英语四级巅峰阅读培训(第6讲)

第三讲 5个考点考查对词句意义的理解
　　1熟词在语境中的具体意思
　　解体技巧：
　　这类题考察教学大纲所规定的四级词汇。题干中要求理解的单词考生全都认识，但是词汇放在句中以后就有了在这个语境下的具体含义，甚至是活用的意义。解题关键在于联系上下文，不能仅从单词的字面意思来理解。
　　练习:
　　……As diners shirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most dinner don’t notice or care……
　　Q: The “fancier brands” refers to____
　　tap water from the Thames River.
　　B  famous wines not sold in ordinary stores.
　　C  PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani
　　D  expensive bottled water with impressive names        
　　答案:
　　选D。
　　第一句提到，卖leading brands瓶装水能赚取巨额利润；第二句提到了饭店里面的瓶装水价格高；第三句中又提到许多fancier bands不在商店销售，消费者较少见到。可以推知，fancier brands的价格昂贵，fancier与impressive同义，D正确。 
　2 生词的意思  
　　解题技巧：  
　　这类题考查的是超出四级词汇大纲的生词。在生词前后经常会有其定义或进一步解释说明，解题时需要对这些定义或解释性的文字进行概括。其标志有：or,that is,in other words,namely等词组；破折号、冒号、括号等；定语从句。对于没有这种定义或说明的生词，可以通过寻找这个生词前后的文字中的词汇关系和逻辑关系来确定答案，看看这些关系要求这个地方的词具有什么样的意思。  
　　练习：  
　　“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you…  
　　Q  
　　The word “shun”most probably means _______.  
　　A. cut down on  
　　B. stay away from  
　　C. run out   
　　D. put up with         
　　答案:
　　选B。
　　not..any more than…构成平衡结构。Humans should与they would对称，avoid stress与shun food，love or exercise对称，故shun应该与avoid相近。3 代词指代的内容 
　　解题技巧： 
　　这类考题中，代词通常都是指代前面句中已经提到过的人或物或事。解题的关键在于，理解本句中对代词的阐述，或代词在句中所具有的各种施动和逻辑关系，然后与前面的句子或再前面的句子对比，确定指代内容。 
　　练习： 
　　..The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful students is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult… 
　　Q:The word “they” refers to _____. 
　　A. practicality and rationality 
　　B. engineering and the liberal arts 
　　C. reality and noble ideals 
　　D. flexibility and a value system       
　　答案 选B 
　　they指至少两个以上的人或事物。寻找前面句中存在的某两个或以上的人或事物。由前一句中的mix可知，句中的engineering和the liberal arts是两个不同的科目。所以they指代的就是B。   4 词或词组的比喻义 
　　解题技巧： 
　　此类题涉及的单词往往是比较简单的词，多数是构成一些惯用搭配，表示某种特殊的比喻义。这些单词或词组不能按其字面的意义去理解，要结合上下文确保所理解的意思可以使语义通顺。考生平时要注意积累惯用搭配。 
　　练习： 
　　I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so….. 
　　When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means _______ 
 　　A. no one can be both creative and critical 
　　B. they cannot be regarded as equally important 
　　C. they are in constant conflict with each other. 
　　D. one cannot use them at the same time      
　　答案选D 
　　作者说 creative thinking和critical thinking两个阶段，可以推断they cannot work in parallel..指的是两个阶段是有先后次序的，不可能同时进行。所以选D。5 词句的言外之意 
　　解体技巧： 
　　此类题要求考生理解的是作者在某些词句形式下暗含的真实意思。作题的关键是，记住句子的意思一定是和文章或段落主旨相关的，在把握文章主题和段落主旨的前提下，分析句子在上下文中应该起到的作用和具有的意义。 
　　练习：  
　　….Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” he says…… 
　　By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water”, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _________. 
　　A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking 
　　B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water 
　　C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs’ taste 
　　D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste     
　　答案: 选B 
　　文章提到von Wiesenberger从小就对瓶装水很有研究，并记录下那些他最喜欢和的瓶装水牌子。连狗都能分得清，足见主人对瓶装水的喜爱程度。不喜欢不等于说“自来水不能喝”，故A错。CD是单纯的字面理解，脱离主题。