10年大学英语四级巅峰阅读培训(第4讲)

　第二讲：5个方向考查对观点态度的领会
　　这类题目的题干中一般有the author argues, according to the author,Professor Linton Believes that,the passage decribes…in a tone of等明显标志。
　　1 作者对某人/事物的观点
　　解题技巧：
　　这种题目一般考查的是对文章主人公或主题事物的观点。以第一人称行文的文章，作者的观点往往出现在带有第一人称标志词（I,we,my）的句子中。多数的文章则是以一种客观论述的手法行文，作者的观点会在段落的首尾或者文章的首尾出现。
　　练习：
　　Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory ofr economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economics as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, porvides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education…..
　　Q The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _________.
　　A. rewarding
　　B. expensive
　　C. troublesome
　　D. labor-saving                        　　【解析】
　　选A。文章的第一句话就说，在发展中国家让女性接受教育所能带来的回报比其他任何投资带来的回报都要高（quite possibly yields a higher rate of return）所以选A有回报的
  2 作者对某人/某事的态度
　　解题技巧 
　　作者对于文中人或物的感情色彩是阅读理解题目的常考点。作者的态度或褒或贬或中立，或关心或不在意，或喜欢或厌恶，或坚信或怀疑。在以第一人称行文的文章中，应留意那些可以直接表示作者态度的动词（doubt,appreciate,concern等）。在以一种客观论述的手法行文的文章中，应特别注意形容词和副词等暗含作者态度的词汇。一些特殊句式（祈使句，疑问句，感叹句）本身也包含作者的态度。
　　练习：
　　As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.
　　“The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”
　　“Don’t’ you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?”
　　“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer.
　　“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”
　　The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people ----people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.”
　　“But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder.”
　　“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it it very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”
　　Q:From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________
　　A. doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
　　B. unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
　　C. not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
　　D. concerned about the spread of unclear weapons.          
　　答案:
　　选D。本文大篇幅文字都是引用正反两方的观点，没表示作者自己的态度，只能说明作者对此事是关注的。
3 作者的行文态度
　　解题技巧
　　作者的行文态度是作者在描述文章那个主题任务或事物时在文字中所表现出来的一种心理倾向。如果是描述一个问题，那么从文章中列举的解决方法的效果、对未来的预期等可以判断作者的态度是悲观、谨慎或乐观。如果是介绍一个人或物，从文章中谈到的优点或缺点、进步或退步等，可以判断作者的态度是鼓吹、批判或中立。如果是纯粹的说明问（如，科学研究介绍），行文态度一般都是客观的，不带感情色彩的。
　　练习
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids now,one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteorites that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.
　　Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) how likely the event is:and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Eart once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare — but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”
　　The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of unclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday rocks than from a great unclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.
　　Q: Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?
　　A Optinmistic
　　B Critical
　　C Objective.
　　D Arbitrar                                
　　解析
　　选C。第一段第一句说我们必须投入资金来发展小行星，以防某一颗撞击地球毁灭了声明。第一段主要描述了撞击的危险性和防撞的方法。第二段介绍投入资金的必要性。第三段说人们对防撞的方法有很大的顾虑。通关全文，对于撞击的危险，人们已经想出了方法来防止，但是防止的方法却也有很大的危险性。可见作者是在客观地陈述防撞问题上存在的问题。   4 文中人物的观点或态度
　　解题技巧：
　　文章中涉及的个人或组织的态度也是一个常考点。解答这类题目时，应该用这些个人的姓名或组织的名称作为线索词急性定位，找到原文中相应的段落或句子，再根据文中的用词和句式进行判断
　　 练习:
　　…Ofen, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and aged parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “ They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a muchi bigger one: “that they won’t be alive enough to support and protect their child,” she says….
　　Q: What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?
　　A . Being laughed at by other people.
　　B. Slowing down of their paces of life.
　　C. Being mistaken for grandparents.
　　D. Approaching of death                            
　　【解析】
　　选D。根据题干中New York psychologist Joann Galst回到原文迅速定位，题干中的biggest对应原文中的core和muchi bigger one。答案应在冒号后面的引文部分：“担心不能活到足够大的年岁一直抚养和保护孩子”。所以选D，death对应原文中的won’t be alive