5MBA翻译中可能遇到的较难的专有名词 - 英 语 时 空 - 中国MBA论坛 MBA论坛,...

green revolution 绿色革命


　　the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practices that led to vast increases in agricultural output in LDCs during the 1960's and 1970's


　　Horizontal equity 横向公平


　　The idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amount


　　Human capital 人力资本


　　The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience;The accumulation of investments in people, such as education and on-the-job training


　　horizontal integration 横向一体化


　　the integration of a firm with other firms producing the same product (at the same level of production)


　　horizontal merger 横向兼并


　　a merger between two firms that produce the same goods


　　horizontal restrictions 横向约束


　　restrictions (such as an agreement not to compete in price or to enter each others' markets) by competing firms (at the same level of production, for instance, among producers, or among wholesalers, or among retailers)


　　hostile takeover 恶意收购


　　when one management team (one firm) takes over the control of another, against the will of the second firm


　　Import quota 进口限额


　　A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domestically


　　Imports 进口


　　Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domestically


　　In-kind transfers 实物转移支付


　　Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cash


　　Income effect 收入效应


　　The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curve


　　Income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性


　　A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers' income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income


　　Indexation 指数化


　　The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contract


　　Indifference curves 无差异曲线


　　Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demanded


　　Inferior good 低档商品


　　A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demanded


　　Inflation 通货膨胀


　　An increase in the overall level of prices in the economy


　　Inflation rate 通货膨胀率


　　The percentage change in the price index from the preceding period


　　Internalizing an externality 外部性的内在化


　　Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions


　　Investment 投资


　　Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing


　　imperfect competition 不完全竞争


　　any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curves


　　implicit contract 隐含合同


　　an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an exchange, such as an understanding between employer and employees that employees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditions


　　import function 进口函数


　　the relationship between imports and national income


　　incomplete markets 不完全市场


　　situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk, or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposes


　　increasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale 规模收益递增/不变/递减


　　when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion, output increases by a greater proportion (also known as economies of scale)