雅思口语中复数名词不规则变化及发音

 

复数名词发音规则 
以辅音/s/, /z/, /∫/, /../, /t∫/ and /d .. / 结尾的名词，复数加-es后，发音为/iz/ 
 
buses /‘b.siz/ crashes / ‘kr.∫iz/ 
quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages / ‘g.ra:.iz/ 
watches / ‘w.t∫iz/ bridges / ‘bri d.iz/ 
以清辅音/p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ or /k/结尾的名词， 复数加-(e)s后， 发音为/s/ 
cups /k.ps/ beliefs /bi ‘li:fs/ plates/pleits/ cloths/kl.θs/ books /buks/ 
其它常见的名词复数加-(e)s后，发音为/z/ 
days /deiz/ clothes /kl.uz/ 
trees /tri:z/ ends /ends/ 
dreams /dri:mz/ songs /s..z/ 
hills /hilz/ legs /legz/ 


 
常见复数名词不规则发音 
singular 
plural 
bath /ba: θ/ 
baths /ba: θs/ or /ba:ez/ 
house /haus/ 
houses / ‘hauziz/ 
mouth /mauθ/ 
mouths /mauθs/ or /mauez/ 
path /pa: θ/ 
paths /pa: θs/ or /pa: ez/ 
roof /ru:f/ 
roofs /ru:fs/ or /ru:vz/ 
truth /tru: θ/ 
truths /tru: θs/ or /tru: ez/ 
youth /ju: θ/ 
youths /yu: θs/ or /ju: ez/ 


 
 
 
以-f或-fe结尾的部分名词，复数需将-f(e)变成v+es, 发音为/vz/; 其它以-f(e)结尾的属于规则变化 
singular 
plural 
singular 
plural 
half 
halves /ha:vz/ 
self 
selves /selvz/ 
knife 
knifes 
shelf 
shelves 
leaf 
leaves 
thief 
thieves 
life 
lives 
wife 
wives 
loaf 
loaves 
wolf 
wolves 
calf 
calves 
sheaf 
sheaves 


注意：dwarf, hoof, scarf and wharf的复数形式既可直接加-s, 也可将词尾-f(e)变成v+es. 
 
以o 结尾的部分名词，复数需加-es; 其它属于规则变化 
singular 
plural 
singular 
plural 
echo 
echoes 
potato 
potatoes 
hero 
heroes 
tomato 
tomatoes 


 
 
常见单复数同形的名词 
singular 
plural 
singular 
plural 
deer 
deer 
headquarters 
headquarters 
sheep 
sheep 
fish 
fish 
series 
series 
works(=factory) 
works 
crossroads 
crossroads 
means 
means 
species 
species 
Swiss 
Swiss 
aircraft 
aircraft 
Chinese(及其它国籍以-ese结尾的名词) 
Chinese 
spacecraft 
spacecraft 
Japanese 
Japanese 


 
 
注意： 
1 部分学科名词以-ics结尾，如 mathematics, physics, athletics 是单数不可数名词，没有复数形式。 
e.g. Too much mathematics is usually taught in schools. 
有些学科名词以-ics结尾，如 politics, statistics 也可被当作复数使用。 
e.g. Politics is a complicated business. （But What are your politics?） 
e.g. Statistics is useful in language testing. (But The unemployment statistics are disturbing.) 
2 media (意为radio, TV, newspapers, the internet) 是medium的复数 , 现在常被用作不可数名词。 
3 data 是 datum 的复数形式，但现在 datum已几乎不用了。而 data 现在既可被用作不可数名词，也可被用作复数名词，两者意义没有区别。 
 
 
 
 
常见部分外来词的不规则变化 
singular 
plural 
singular 
plural 
analysis 
analyses 
crisis 
crises 
appendix 
appendices 
criterion 
criteria 
bacterium 
bacteria 
oasis 
Oases 
basis 
bases 
phenomenon 
Phenomena 
diagnosis 
diagnoses 
radius 
Radii 
formula 
formulae/formulas 
stimulus 
stimuli 
fungus 
fungi 
hypothesis 
hypotheses 


 
 
 
其它名词的不规则变化 
singular 
plural 
singular 
plural 
foot 
feet 
ox 
oxen 
goose 
geese 
penny 
pence 
louse 
lice 
tooth 
teeth 
mouse 
mice 
woman 
women 


 
 
常见只表示复数意义的名词 
cattle 
Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. 
cattle是bulls, cows, 和calves的总称，没有单数形式， 不可用于表示个体劢物的数量，如 not three cattle. 
clothes 
Your clothes are very beautiful. 
Clothes 是衣服的总称，没有单数形式，但其前出现量词修饰时，谓语与量词的数量保持一致。如：a piece of clothes is displaying in the shop. 
people 
There were many people at the meeting. 
people 是复数形式，其单数形式是person；peoples 表示民族，种族。如：Some peoples are yellow races. 
staff 
The staff are on strike. 
The school's teaching staff is [are] excellent. 
This company has a staff of fifty. 
staff表示全体教员，职员，做主语时谓语劢词既可是单数也可是复数; 可构成a staff of表示一群人.美式英语中也使用staffs. 
crew 
None of the passengers and crew were injured. 
crew 表示全体船员，机务人员，是一个复数名词，但现


All the crew were saved. 
在crews 运用也较多 
police 
The police are looking for a fair-haired man in his twenties. 
police 是复数名词，其单数是policeman. 
the French, 
the Dutch 
The French are very proud of their sense of humour. 
The Dutch declared their independence from Spain. 
the + 国籍的形容词形式，指复数形式，表示这个国家的人，such as the Irish, the Spanish, the Welsh, 
trousers, 
jeans 
Your jeans are too tight. 
Jeans are popular among the young. 
此类名词没有单数形式。其他例子包括 pants, pyjamas 
glasses, scissors 
Where are my glasses? 
There is a pair of scissors. 
glasses and scissors 用短语a pair of 修饰时谓语劢词可用单数形式 
contents, customs, funds, goods 
What are the contents?(目录，内容) 
The customs have seized large quantities of smuggled heroin.(海关人员) 
常见类似用法的复数名词还有：groceries, manners, the Middle ages, outskirts, regards, congratulations, thanks, remains, savings, surroundings, arms 


常见不可数名词 
不可数名词 
例句 
同义可数用法 
accommodation 
Our accommodation is barely adequate. 
A place to live (NOT an accommodation) 
baggage 
All interline baggage is transferred automatically. 
A piece/item of baggage 
chess 
Chess is played by two people. 
A game of chess 
chewing gum 
A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe. 
A piece of chewing gum (NOT a chewing gum) 
equipment 
All their equipment is good. 
A piece of equipment; a tool 
furniture 
Some furniture is made of bamboo. 
A piece/article of furniture; a table, chair. 
information 
Information that is dated is not useful. 
A piece of information 
knowledge 
Knowledge is no burden. 
A fact 
lightning 
Lightning is usually followed by thunder. 
A flash of lightning 
luck 
His luck is on the turn. 
A piece/bit/stroke of luck 


luggage 
My luggage is overweight. 
A piece/item of luggage; a case/truck/bag 
news 
No news is good news. 
A piece of news 
permission 
Permission for modification is crucial too. 
- 
poetry 
Poetry is a difficult art. 
A poem 
progress 
Progress is not created by contented people. 
A step forward; an advance 
research 
The science research mechanism is founded. 
A piece of research; an experiment 0 
rubbish 
The streets were littered with rubbish. 
A piece of rubbish 
traffic 
How terrible the traffic is! 
Cars, etc. 
vocabulary 
His English vocabulary is limited. 
A word/expression