Statistical Communique on the 2002 National Economic and Social Development of the City of Beijingpp

Statistical Communique on the 2002 National Economic and Social Development of the City of Beijing
2006-11-21 10:46:00
January 22, 2003
In 2002, under the leadership of Beijing Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and Beijing Municipal Government and the guideline of Deng Xiaoping theory and the very important thoughts of “Three represents”, the enterprising and cooperative people of the city surmounted with great endeavor the unfavorable influence from recessed international economy and actively coped with emergence after China’s accession to WTO, grabbing tightly the unprecedented opportunity and initiating further exploration and innovation to impel the development strategy of the capital economy and improve the city’s general competitiveness in all aspects. The whole city’s economy kept continued on momentum of rapid growth and further progress has been continually gained on opening up and reforms and modernization course, social cause being improved in all aspects and people’s living standard further enhanced.
Ⅰ. General
Economic strength：Beijing’s economy continued for rapid and healthy growth. In 2002 by preliminary statistics, Beijing’s GDP reached 313.0 billion yuan, up 10.2 percent over the previous year, meeting the projected growth rate. The per capita GDP reached 27746 yuan, or US$ 3355 equivalent at current exchange rate, up by 8.9 percent over the previous year.
Industrial structure:The added value of primary industry of Beijing was 9.55 billion yuan, up by 5 percent; of secondary industry, 111.44 billion yuan, up by 8.8 percent; of tertiary industry, 192.01 billion yuan, up by 11.4 percent. The proportion of three industries was 3.1 percent, 35.6 percent and 61.3 percent respectively. The proportion of the tertiary industry rose 0.8 percentage points from that in the previous year.
Ownership structure: The added value produced in nonpublic economy took up 46.5 percent in the city’s GDP, 23.5 percentage points higher than that in 1997. During the past five years, nonpublic economy featured vigorous increase at an annual growth rate of 25.9 percent, which infused continuous and fresh energy into the city’ economic growth. In 2002, nonpublic economy made a contribution of 64.6 percent in economic growth of the city, 12.4 percentage points up over five years before.
Three major demands:  Upon the joint drive of the three major demands, internal impetus for economic growth of the city continued to expand.
Fixed capital investment witnessed continuing rapid growth. 181.43 billion yuan of social fixed capital investment was accomplished in the financial year, up by 18.5 percent over the previous year. Priority of investment centered on housing and infrastructure, 63.46 billion yuan in housing in 2002, up 20.1 percent over the previous year and shared 35 percent in the total fixed assets investment and 0.5 percentage points higher than the previous year. There were 41.19 billion yuan invested in infrastructure construction, 15. 6 percent up over the previous year and shared 22.7 percent in the total fixed assets investment. In terms of main body of investment, non-state-owned organizations were the major force driving the rapid growth of investment in the city. Non-state-owned organizations made investment of 106.34 billion yuan in 2002, 36.7 percent increase over the previous year and accounting for 58.6 percent of total fixed assets investment; of which non-state-owned domestically-funded enterprises finished an investment of 71.6 billion yuan, 44.3 percent up and shared 39.5 percent in the total fixed assets investment. Investor field has preliminarily changed from the situation where government was over reckoned on in the past few years.
Hotspot in consumer demand was highlighted. In 2002, the retail sales of consumer goods reached 174.48 billion yuan, up by 9.5percent over the previous year, a real increase of 11.3percent if allowing for the price changes. Consuming hotspots mainly focused on transportation, communications and housing. The sales volume of commercial housing in 2002 reached 16.044 million square meters, up 42.3 percent over the previous year (81.38 billion yuan in sales value, up 33.4 percent over the previous year). Various automobiles sold in 2002 numbered 0.26 million, up by 13.7 percent over the previous year. Expenditures on transportation and communications by urban residents averaged 1271 yuan, up by 51.4 percent over the previous year, 24.3 percentage points higher than the previous year.
Propensity to consume among residents moved forward and consumption structure upgrading was accelerated. Per capita annual nonproductive expenditure of urban residents was 10285.8 yuan, up by 15.3 percent, a growth rate 10.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. Average propensity to consume was 0.83, up by 0.055 over the previous year. Expenditures on service amounted for 30 percent, an increase of 17 percentage points over the previous year.
Growth rate in exports surpassed the previous year. With China’s accession to WTO, the municipal government actively pushed forward the “ Prosperous Customers” project and put high emphasis on new points of export growth to further enhance competitiveness of foreign trade enterprises, exports from local enterprises being rapidly increased. In the year, export values from local enterprises totaled US$5.9 billion, up by 21.1 percent over the previous year, a grow rate 15.8 percentage points higher. Electromechanical equipment and high-tech products become the key exported commodities of the city, 63.5 percent and 44.6 percent in the total export value citywide respectively.
Market prices: The consumer price index of the year was 98.2 percent; the index of ex-factory price of manufactured goods was 96.6 percent; the index of the purchasing price of raw materials, fuel and power was 97.1 percent, a decline of 4.9, 2.8 and 3.4 percentage points from the previous year. Dynamically, the decrease rate in price was slowed down since the second half of 2002, with three price indexes in the year rising by 0.6, .2.3 and 0.3 percentage points respectively compared with that of the first half of 2002.
Financial revenue and expenditures: Financial revenue kept rapid growth. In 2002, the budgetary revenue of local governments totaled 53.4 billion yuan, up by 25.9 percent over the previous year, a growth rate above 20 percent for the eighth consecutive year. Of the total, V.A.T and sales tax was 6.67 billion yuan and 22.78 billion yuan respectively, up by 13.0 percent and percent respectively. Enterprise income tax and individual income tax totaled 10.00 billion yuan and 6.13 billion yuan, up by 17.6 percent and 21.1 percent respectively. Fiscal expenditures from local governments reached 62.55 billion yuan, up by 21.4 percent.
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Ⅱ. Urban Construction
Road construction: Breakthrough was made in the road construction of Beijing.
Railway traffic engineering construction was carried out in full scale. The project of west line of city express railway was completed and put into use. The Bawangfen-Tongzhou subway line was constructed smoothly. Expressway, urban highway, main trunk roads and project “intensifying road network in urban area” were all at accelerated pace of constructions. Deshengmenwai Avenue, the first and second phase of Fifth Ring Road, the first phase of Sixth Ring Road, the first phase of Beijing-Chengde Expressway were all completed and open to traffic successively. Full-scale reconstruction of Second Ring Road was completed and reconstruction of Third Ring Road was started. In 2002, total investment in road construction amounted to 15.39 billion yuan, up by 51.8 percent over the previous year and shared 37.4 percent in the infrastructure investments. At the end of 2002, the whole length of road within the city totaled 4400 kilometers, an increase of 70 kilometers compared with that of the same period of the previous year. The length of expressway reached 463 kilometers, an increase of 128 kilometers over that at the end of previous year. Transport operation mileage of railway traffic numbered 74.6 kilometers, an increase of 20.6 kilometers over that at the end of previous year. An actinoid traffic network with railway traffic as pioneer, expressway as leader, trunk lines as backbone, road net as interconnection tie and rural road as branch vein was basically completed in the city.
Dilapidated houses reconstruction: In 2002, investment in the dilapidated houses reconstruction in eight districts of the city was 17.93 billion yuan and 2.324 million square meters of houses were demolished, 0.899 million square meters of which was of dilapidated houses and 74,000 households removed. As of the end of 2002, Total area of in-operation and resumed construction in dilapidated houses reconstruction project citywide reached 11.608 million square meters, among which 4.546 million square meters were of new commencement of operation and 3.322 million square meters were of floor space completed in 2002. During the process of the reconstruction, the municipal government attached great importance to the protection of culture relics and worked out the “ Opinions on Reinforcing the Protection of Courtyards in Dilapidated Houses Reconstruction”, studied and discussed “Opinions to Implement the Steady Advance in Renovation and Rebuilding of Houses in Conservation Areas of History and Culture in Old Area of Beijing” in order to balance the relationship between urban modernization and conservation of the historical city.
Environmental protection and control:Air pollution has been brought well under control. Since 1998, eight phases were formulated to implement some dozens of urgent measures to control the air pollution. As a result, density of major air pollutants has declined distinctly and air quality has improved obviously. In 2002, the number of days in which the air quality was at and better than Grade II reached 203 days, accounting for 55.6 percent of the total days in the year, above the goal of 55 percent set at the beginning of the year. The energy mix was further adjusted in Beijing. 1681 coal-fired boilers replaced clean energy resource in the urban and suburb areas of Beijing. A total of 1.8 billion cubic meters of natural gas was supplied, up by 12.5 percent over the previous year. The concentrated heating area increased by 8.00 million square meters in the year. The electricity-powered heating area increased by 4.00 million square meters. The pollution caused by motor vehicles was under further control. The number of buses driven by clean fuel increased to 1800. Ninety percent of motor vehicles passed the road inspection for tail gas. Pollution caused by dust nuisance was controlled strictly. A total of 3.97 million square meters and 1.30 million mu of uncovered land and seasonally uncovered farm land was controlled. Industrial pollution was controlled actively. Five cement mills and 20 lime burning plants were closed down or stopped production. 12 polluting enterprises within the Fourth Ring Road removed or stopped production.
New progress was made in urban afforestation. The construction of three green ecological barriers was promoted continuously. Large area of concentrated green land was built at 51 sites in the downtown area.  A total of 110 square kilometers of forest-isolated area was built for the city. 366 kilometers of green passage were completed for “five rivers and ten roads”. In the mountain area, 200,000 mu of artificial afforestation was completed. A total area of 40,000 mu was afforested in five sandstorm zones. 45.5 percent and 40.2 percent of the city was covered by forest and green land respectively, up by 6.2 6.8 percentage points higher than the previous year.
Integrated control on the urban environment was strengthened continuously. The comprehensive control project of North Ring River System started formally. The construction of sewage cutoff project for Qinghe River and Liangshuihe River was accelerated. The first-phase projects of Xiaojiahe River Sewage Disposal Plant and Qinghe River Sewage Disposal Plant were put into operation. The daily capacity of urban sewage disposal reached 1.50 million tons, up by 17 percent. The disposal rate of sewage reached 145 percent of expected goal in Beijing, 3 percentage points higher than the previous year. Household garbage separate collection pilots were established in 250 residential quarters in Beijing. The first-phase project of Gaoantun Garbage Sanitation Landfill Plant was put into use. All garbage from downtown area was cleared everyday and disposed harmlessly. In 2002, the rate of harmless disposal of urban garbage reached 86.5 percent,5 percentage points higher than the previous year.
Public transit: Urban public transit system improved gradually. By the end of 2002, a total of 15,000 transit vehicles were in operation in Beijing. A total of 65,000 taxis ran in Beijing. There were 582 lines for public buses and trolley buses. Passengers carried by urban public transit vehicles (excluding taxis) totaled 4.8 billion person-trips in the year, up by 6 percent over the previous year, of which, 4.32 billion person-trips were by buses and trolley buses, accounting for 90 percent; 480 million person-trips were by rail vehicles, accounting for 10 percent; and 600 million person-trips were by taxis.
Public utilities: Urban supply capacity of water, electricity, gas and heating increased by large margin. In 2002, 660 million tons of tap water was sold, including 560 million tons of domestic water. The daily supply capacity of tap water reached 3.71 million tons. In the year, 38.48 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity were consumed in Beijing area, an increase of 10.9 percent from that in the previous year. By the end of 2002, household users of natural gas reached 1.91 million in number, accounting for 57 percent of the total of gas users in Beijing. Concentrated heating by urban heating pipe network totaled an area of 69.15 million square meters.
Ⅲ. Major Sectors
Agriculture:The growth of agricultural sector was accelerated in restructuring. In 2002, the added value of agricultural sector was 9.55 billion yuan, up by 5 percent over the previous year, keeping a growth rate over 4 percent for the third consecutive year. The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 23.55 billion yuan, up 10 percent over the previous year, representing an increase of 0.3 percentage points. Of this total, the output value of farm production was 10.59 billion yuan, up by 6.8 percent; that of livestock-breeding sector, 12.96 billion yuan, up by 12.8 percent. The proportion of livestock-breeding was 55 percent in the agricultural sector, representing an year-on-year increase of 1.3 percentage points. The sown area of grain was decreased by 21 percent to 2.534 million mu. The proportion of the area of various cash crops and other crops to the cultivated land rose from 41.3 percent in 2001 to 45.4 percent. In 2002, the grain output totaled 823,000 tons, averaging 324.8kg per mu. The output of major agricultural products and by-products rose steadily. The output of meat, vegetable and milk was up by 12.7 percent, 4.1 percent and 28.4 percent respectively over the previous year.
Industry:The overall production of industrial sector kept continuous growth. In 2002, the added value of the industrial sector was 87.0 billion yuan, up by 7.9 percent over the previous year. The added value of the industrial sector accounted for 27.8 percent of Beijing’s GDP, contributing 23.2 percent to the economic growth of Beijing. In 2002, the added value of enterprises above designated size totaled 82.33 billion yuan, up by 8 percent; of the total, that of state-owned enterprises was 16.43 billion yuan, of stock-holding enterprises, 2.62 billion yuan, up by 9.5 percent and 29.1 percent respectively over the previous year. The added value of foreign businesses as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises was 33.62 billion yuan, down by 0.8 percent from the previous year.
In 2002, the added value of the high-tech sector stood at 25.16 billion yuan, down by 0.6 percent over the previous year. The added value of high-tech sector accounted for 28.9 percent of the total of industrial sector of Beijing.
The production and marketing situation was good. The operation of enterprises improved steadily. The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size was 98.2 percent，an decrease of 0.95 percentage points from the previous year. In 20002, the profits made by enterprises above the designated size that kept separate accounts reached 15.22 billion yuan, up 8.7 percent over the previous year. And taxes paid by such enterprises stood at 30.77 billion yuan, up 10.9 percent over the previous year. The overall economic efficiency index for industrial enterprises was 135.2 percent, 6.1 percentage points higher than the previous year. The profit rate on costs was 4.94 percent, an increase of 0.09 percentage points from the previous year. The overall labor productivity was 80554 yuan/person, up by 14.7 percent over the previous year.
Construction：The production of construction industry grew powerfully. Driven by the fixed assets investment especially by the housing construction, the output value of construction sector topped 100 billion yuan to 105.51 billion yuan, up by 18.8 percent over the previous year. The added value of construction enterprises was 24.44 billion yuan，up 12 percent year-on-year，5.8 percentage points higher than the previous year. The added value of the construction sector accounted for 7.8 percent of Beijing’s GDP, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the previous year. Labor productivity of construction enterprises increased continuously. The overall labor productivity was 117679 yuan per person, up by 11.1 percent over the previous year. Profits made by construction enterprises reached 2.1 billion yuan, up by 12.3 percent over the pervious year, with the per capita profits at 3688 yuan, an increase of 14 percent.
Posts and telecommunications：The postal and telecommunication sector grew steadily. In 2002, the added value of postal and telecom sector was 15.48 billion yuan, up by 7.9 percent over the previous year. The business transactions of postal and telecom services totaled 23.33 billion yuan in 2002，up by 17.1 percent over the previous year.
The past year saw both increase and decrease in the postal transaction. In 2002, 1.23 billion copies of newspaper were subscribed and sold，down by 8.9 percent over the previous year；52.63 million copies of magazines were subscribed and sold, down by 1.4 percent over the previous year. 9.71 million copies of EMS were received and sent，an year-on-year decline of 2 percent from the previous year. New postal transactions grew rapidly. In 2002, 280.44 million copies of commercial letters were produced, up by 48.3 percent over the previous year; by the end of 2002, the postal savings deposit registered 24.2 billion yuan, up 18.3 percent over the previous year.
The communications sector grew soundly. Fixed telecommunication developed steadily. The total capacity for LAN exchangers reached 8.04 million gates in Beijing, up by 13.2 percent over the previous year. The number of fixed telephone users was 5.855 million in Beijing, up by 13.1 percent over the previous year. There were 51.6 lines of main toll route per 100 persons for public network fixed telephones, of which, there were 74.3 lines of main toll route per 100 persons for urban district telephone，and 16.8 lines of main toll route per 100 persons for rural district telephone. Mobile communication grew rapidly. By the end of 2002, mobile phone users numbered 9.40 million，up by 49 percent over the previous year. In Beijing, there were 82 mobile phones per 100 persons. Additionally, new telecom transactions including data communications, multi-media, Internet, phone information service and  mobile phone message expanded rapidly.
Traffic transport: The traffic transport industry grew steadily with active changing in the means of transportation. In 2002, the added value of the traffic transport sector was 7.81 billion yuan, up by 0.5 percent over the previous year.
Cargo transportation grew steadily. In 2002, total volume of cargo transportation was 307.908 million tons, up by 0.8 percent over the previous year; of this total, the cargo transportation by railways was 23.70 million tons, down by 5.4 percent; by highways, 283.75 million tons, up by 1.3 percent; and by airways, 458,000 tons, up by 21.5 percent.
Passenger transportation grew rapidly. In 2002, the volume of passenger transportation totaled 295.596 million person-trips, up by 31.6 percent over the previous year. Of this total, passengers carried by railways were 51.70 million person-trips，up by 8.8 percent；by highways, 231.123 million person-trips，up by 39 percent；and by civil aviation, 12.773 million person-trips，up by 17.2 percent.
Commerce：Multi forms of business promoted the prosperous commercial industry. In 2002, the added value of wholesale and retail trades as well as the catering industry totaled 25.07 billion yuan，up by 7.1 percent over the previous year. The gross sales of commodities reached 348.49 billion yuan by the efforts of large and medium-sized wholesale and retail enterprises，up by 5.5 percent. The overall value of purchased commodities reached 319.92 billion yuan，up by 5.5 percent over the previous year. The economic benefits of medium- and large-sized business enterprises improved slightly，with their sales reaching 308.59 billion yuan，up by 8.7 percent; and profits, 5.80 billion yuan，up by 32.9 percent. New forms of commercial business developed rapidly. By the end of 2002, the number of chain enterprises reached 139. Retail sales of the chain commerce reached 32.63 billion yuan，up by 31.2 percent, a growth rate higher than the average of the commercial sector of Beijing. The year 2002 also saw growth of logistic distribution centers, delivery centers and on-line shopping. By the end of 2002, more than 20 famous international retail enterprises including Carrefour, Wankelong and Pricesmart stepped into Beijing, promoting the transformation of commercial operation and management form of Beijing.
Banking and insurance：Thebanking and insurance industry grew steadily. The added value of banking and insurance services totaled 48.49 billion yuan in Beijing, up by 10.6 percent over the previous year.
Banking services further expanded. At the end of 2002, savings deposits in various forms in all banking institutions of Beijing totaled 1539.27 billion yuan, an increase of 316.13 billion yuan from the beginning of the year. The increased savings deposits was up 27.7 percent over the previous year；Of this total, the savings deposit of enterprises was 856.28 billion yuan, an increase of 185.79 billion yuan from the beginning of the year. The increment rose by 45.3 percent over the previous year; of residents, 438.97 billion yuan, an increase of 85.34 billion yuan from the beginning of the year. The increment rose by 39.2 percent over the previous year. The total value of loans rose by 172.44 billion yuan from the beginning of the year to 923.08 billion yuan, with the increment up by 44.4 percent from the previous year. Of this total, loans to enterprises rose by 129.34 billion yuan from the beginning of the year to 808.65 billion yuan, with the increment up by 52.6 percent from the previous year. And loans to consumers rose by 43.10 billion yuan from the beginning of the year to 116.23 billion yuan, with the increment up by 24.2 percent from the previous year. Cash receipts in financial institutions of Beijing totaled 1219.39 billion yuan in the year, and cash disbursement, 1211.17 billion yuan, with the net amount of currency withdrawn from circulation standing at 8.22 billion yuan.
The insurance market grew rapidly. Insurance premiums totaled 22.68 billion yuan, up by 60.9 percent over the previous year. Of this total, property insurance premiums were 4.42 billion yuan, up by 15.6 percent; and life insurance premiums, 18.26 billion yuan, up by 77.8 percent.
The stock market developed steadily. In 2002, the transaction value of various securities on the stock market totaled 1333.12 billion yuan, up by 5.8 percent over the previous year; of this total, transaction value of stocks was 455.35 billion yuan, down by 14.7 percent over the previous year. By the end of 2002, there were 68 listed enterprises issuing A shares in Beijing, of which 6 enterprises were listed in the same year. Capital raised from stock market totaled 15.217 billion yuan.
Real estate：The real estate sector saw sound development. In 2002, the added value of real estate sector totaled 12.98 billion yuan, up by 16.7 percent over the previous year. The added value of real estate sector shared 6.8 percent of that of tertiary industry and 4.1 percent of Beijing’s GDP. Investment in real estate development was 98.94 billion yuan, up by 26.2 percent over the previous year. Investment in real estate accounted for 54.5 percent in the total investment of Beijing. Constructed floor space of marketable housing in the whole year totaled 75.108 million square meters in Beijing; completed floor space of marketable housing was 23.844 million square meters, and sold floor space, 17.083 million square meters, up by 125.9 percent, 139.7 percent and 141.8 percent respectively over the previous year. Sales of marketable housing totaled 81.38 billion yuan in the year, up by 33.4 percent over the previous year.
The hotspot of real estate development was on marketable housing. In 2002, the investment in marketable housing totaled 58.67 billion yuan, up by 26.4 percent over the previous year, accounting for 59.3 percent of the real estate investment. Floor space of started or re-started commercial housing totaled 53.976 million square meters, up by 24.1 percent over the previous year; and floor space of completed commercial housing was 19.262 square meters, up by 38.2 percent.
Ⅳ. Foreign Trade
Imports & exports：Total volume of imports and exports expanded continuously. According to the customs, total value of imports and exports of Beijing reached US$ 52.51 billion in the year, up by 2.0 percent. Of this total, the value of imports was US$39.89 billion; of exports, US$12.61 billion, up by 0.4 percent and 7.2 percent respectively over the previous year. Local enterprises made US$ 14.04 billion in total in import and export volume，4.8 percent increase over the previous year；of which import volume reached US$ 8.14 billion,95.5 percent compared with that of the same period of the previous year. the export volume of local enterprises was US$5.9 billion，up by 21.1 percent. In terms of the imports and exports structure, the growth of exports was faster than that of imports, with the trade gap narrowed a little. Among the local exported products, the mix of exported products improved continuously. Exports of electromechanical products had a slightly rising share. The value of electromechanical exports was US$3.74 billion, up by 28.5 percent, representing a share of 63.5 percent in the local export volume, 4 percentage points higher than that in the previous year.
Foreign contracted projects and labor service cooperation:  Foreign services and trade grew steadily. In 2002, foreign contracted projects and labor service cooperation contracts involved US$279 million, with the business turnover at US$232 million. By the end of 2002, there were 2134 Chinese workers working abroad.
Tourism： Overseas tourists to Beijing increased continuously. In 2002, Beijing received 3.104 million overseas tourists, topping 3.00 million, up by 8.6 percent over the previous year. The foreign exchange incomes from tourism totaled US$3.1 billion, up 5.1 percent over the previous year. Domestic tourism grew soundly. In the year, Beijing received 115 million domestic tourists, up by 5 percent over the previous year, bringing an income of 93.0 billion yuan, up by 5 percent over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 622 specially designated hotels for tourists including 572 star-level ones, with 103,000 guest rooms available, an increase of 10,000 in number from that at the end of 2001. 61.7 percent of hotel rooms were rented.
Utilization of foreign capitals:Utilization of foreign capitals made a new progress. The city approved 1370 foreign-invested projects in the year, with the contracted foreign capitals amounting to US$2.81 billion, up 19.4 percent and 3.6 percent respectively over the previous year. Actual foreign capitals attracted totaled US$5.1 billion, including direct investment US$1.79 billion by foreign investors, up by 27.2 percent and 1.4 percent respectively. Foreign capitals were invested more properly. Foreign capitals invested in the tertiary industry shared 61.3 percent. Investment from multinationals indicated a better tendency. Among 500 global multinationals, some 160 have invested at Beijing.
Development Zones: Development zones became the hotspot of Beijing’s economic growth. By the end of 2002, the total number of enterprises landed in various development zones accumulated to 17592, of which 16309 have been put into production. In 2002, the total income of various development zones was 302.09 billion yuan, up by 20.9 percent over the previous year; the total output value created by them was 168.93 billion yuan, up 25.0 percent (at current price) over the previous year; the profits was 11.93 billion yuan, up by 32.9 percent; and the paid fees and taxes, 14.4 billion yuan, up 23.9 percent. The fixed assets investment by development zones of Beijing totaled 11.21 billion yuan, up 21.1 percent. More than 40 corporations among the world top 500 have established R&D and production bases in the development zones of Beijing.
“One zone and five parks” of Zhongguancun kept rapid growth. The number of high-tech enterprises in the Zone and Parks totaled 11340, whose revenues totaling 242.0 billion yuan, up by 20.1 percent over the previous year; added value at 53.7 billion yuan, up by 17 percent over the previous year (at current price), accounting for 17.2 percent of Beijing’s GDP; fees and taxes paid, 11.0 billion yuan, up by 23 percent.
Ⅴ. Social Undertakings
Science and Technology:Investment in science and technology increased continuously. In 2002, expenditures input in scientific and technological activities of Beijing amounted to 37.0 billion yuan, up 7.8 percent over the previous year. Of which, the R&D expenditure was 18.0 billion yuan, up by 5.1 percent.
Research institutions and teams were stable. By the end of 2002, there were 3350 enterprises and institutions in Beijing engaged in scientific and technological activities, including360research academies and institutes；a total of 250,000 people were engaged in scientific and technological activities in Beijing, including 197,000 scientists and engineers(meaning people who have received at least university education or have medium-grade and senior professional titles), who accounted for 78.8 percent of the scientific and technological people.
The construction of pioneer and innovation system made progress. By the end of 2002, there were 53 “incubators”, ranking first in China. Enterprises under incubation approximated to 1150 in number. The service standard was improved with the transformation of scientific and technological achievements accelerated. In the year, 27038 technical contracts were registered, with a contractual transaction value of 22.11 billion yuan, including 18.10 billion yuan of technical turnovers, keeping a leading position in China. In recent years, Beijing absorbed local technical commodities and those spreading to every area in China, each of whose amount and number accounting for 50 percent respectively. The technology market kept sustainable and stable growth.
The construction of four bases sped up. Preliminary scale took shape in the construction of four bases including the Software Industry Base, North Microelectronics Base, Biologic & Medical Base and the New Materials Base. By the end of 2002, the number of recognized software enterprises topped 1000. Registered software products accumulated to3605. About 70 percent of autonomous software products in China were developed in Beijing. Biomedical manufacturers were well developed in size and scope, mainly concentrated in Zhongguancun Development Zones. The added value of biomedical and new medical industry was 1.64 billion yuan, up by 24.4 percent. Seven enterprises in the field of new materials went to public. In the field of microelectronics, a group of products with autonomous intellectual property were developed, including “Xingguang I”, “Xingguang II” and “China Chip”.
Education: Education of Beijing grew vigorously with the investment in education rising steadily. In 2002, the financial input into education was 31.92 billion yuan, including 9.466 billion yuan from financial budget.
All levels and kinds of education grew fully. Reform on the entrance examination for college (EEC) made progress. Pilots for the reform of spring enrollment was carried out smoothly. Reform of “3+X” subjects for EEC was implemented smoothly and steadily. Reform of socialization of colleges and universities logistics was pushed forward stably. Significant progress was made in the construction of boarding houses for college students. In 2002, the completed floor space of student boarding houses totaled 530,000 square meters, with 40,000 students lodging in. Teachers’ buildings in the East Part of Wangjing Garden were completed and put into use. By the end of 2002, there were 62 general universities and 38 universities for adults in Beijing. 46 general universities and 124 research institutions offered postgraduate programs. General universities and colleges as well as adult universities continuously increased the number of new entrants to 254,600 in 2002. 74 percent of the EEC candidates were matriculated. The gross rate of higher education enrollment for population in the group of 18-22 reached 46 percent, ranking first in China.
Fundamental education of Beijing came out top in China. The enrollment rate of school-age children has kept at 99.9 percent all the time. The gross enrollment rate of junior middle school students kept at 100 percent. General senior middle schools, especially high-quality ones increased the number of new entrants. New entrants of general senior middle schools numbered 85000. The enrollment rate of senior middle school students exceeded 95 percent.
Vocational and adult education grew rapidly. Over the past five years, 30 percent of citizens and more than 50 percent of employees of Beijing received different forms of education and training. More than 5.00 million person-times training were offered. Vocational and adult education grew rapidly, offering 408,100 graduates in five years. At present, 8 community institutes have been established in Beijing. Community education centers and citizen schools have been founded at more than 80 percent of streets in downtown and suburb areas of Beijing. Community education has stepped into a phase of fully advance.
The informatization degree of education was enhanced obviously. The long-distance teaching service of Beijing Education Information Network has spread to 10 exurb areas of Beijing. The “School-School Net” project, an important part of “Digital Beijing” Project, developed smoothly. By the end of 2002, there were 400 primary schools and 46 colleges provided with campus network. Each student in key colleges spent more than 300 hours on Internet averagely. More than 90 percent students logged on the Internet.
Culture: Culture and art was flourishing and proactive. In 2002, a total of 13,000-plus performances were offered in major theatres of Beijing. 131 groups of exchange programs were introduced from overseas, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan into Beijing. There were 201 sets and 3000 times of foreign-related showings. Community culture, corporate culture, campus culture and household culture develop prosperously. Urban and rural people had a rich and colorful leisure-time cultural living. By the end of 2002, there were 20 cultural centers at district- and county-levels. Every street as well as every village and town were provided with fundamental cultural facilities (culture stations) basically, with a total floor space of 182,000 square meters. 972 cultural squares were built, with a total floor space of 4.54 million square meters and a total investment of 1.46 billion yuan. The grass-root literature and art force grew stronger and stronger, with grass-root cultural staffs, cultural volunteers and amateur art backbones as the highlight. There were 124,000 grass-root art staffs. The amateur literature and art creation of masses got more prosperous. A group of excellent programs and works were created. A total of 31 works and 270-plus amateur art backbones won awards in different kinds of national literature and art contests including the “Qunxing Award” Contest.
The scale of public library undertaking was expanded continuously. A public library system has been established in Beijing, with the National Library, Capital Libray, Beijing Juveniles & Children’s Library as the head, the libraries at district-level as the center and the libraries at town and street cultural centers as the base. By the end of 2002, there were 26 public libraries in Beijing, including 5 libraries for juveniles and children. There were five libraries with a building area exceeding 10,000 square meters and a per capita number of collected books of 2.8 copies. Five community libraries were founded in Beijing, becoming the first group of community libraries in Beijing.
By the end of 2002, there were 213 film show units of different kinds and 64 cinemas in Beijing. There were 17 TV channels at Beijing TV Station. The rate of coverage of broadcast television was 99.9 percent. The broadcasting time of radio and TV programs ranked first in China. Upon restructuring and reconstruction, the publishing industry was increasingly intensive. At the end of the year, 244 categories of newspapers were published in Beijing, with a total impression of 6.74 billion copies, up by 0.4 percent and down by 2.8 percent respectively from the previous year. 2378 categories of magazines were published in the year, with a total impression of 820 million copies, up by 0.2 percent and 1.3 percent respectively as compared with that of the previous year. 81782 categories of books were published in Beijing, with a total impression of 1.26 billion copies, up by 27.9 percent and 22.6 percent respectively from that of the previous year.
Noticeable achievements were made in the protection of cultural relics. In the year, a group of projects demonstrating the style and feature of the long-history capital were opened to the public, including Ming Dynasty Great Wall Ruins Park and Changpuhe River Park. At the end of 2002, there were 60 State-level units for protection of cultural relics and 262 local-level units for protection of cultural relics in Beijing. There were 25 blocks for historical cultural protection. More special funds were invested from the municipal revenues into the protection of cultural relics. By the end of 2002, the investment totaled 330 million yuan. Museums open to the public amounted to 118. Except for regular exhibitions, there were also more than 200 temporary exhibitions, itinerant exhibitions and external exhibitions each year, attracting 18 million visitors.
Public Health: The public health undertakings grew rapidly with the service system improved gradually and medical force strengthened continuously. The number of health technicians was stable. The number of hospital ward beds grew at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent. There were 6.31 ward beds and 4.46 doctors for each 1000 persons in Beijing. Hardware facilities in hospital were close to the international level gradually. 100 percent of hospitals were provided with ordinary medical equipment.
Infections became less harmful distinctly. The major health index for residents met the advanced international standard. The full-course inoculation rate of four vaccines for schemed immunity was 99 percent over. Relative diseases under schemed immunity were controlled at relatively low level. There have been no poliomyelitis cases for 18 consecutive years. The per capita life expectancy was close to 76 in Beijing.
The social medical security system took shape basically. In 2002, the reform on the urban medical insurance system was initiated duly. The reform will be carried out to 5.96 million urban staff and workers. The year 2002 was the second year for reform of urban medical insurance system. At the end of 2002, the actual number of people participating in the medical insurance program reached 3.25 million, accounting for 55 percent of the total number of urban employees approximately. The community health service system was improved continuously. 94.6 percent of the scheduled community health service stations were founded. And 89.4 percent of community health service stations were accepted. Health resources were further integrated and optimized. A point-point cooperation relationship was established between 32 large comprehensive hospitals and 113 community health service centers. Diagnoses may be transferred mutually.
Sports:  Mass sports grew vigorously. In 2002, 5.4379 million people in Beijing frequently took part in physical exercise, accounting for 41.83 percent of the total permanent resident population of Beijing. More than 95 percent of the students in primary schools, middle schools as well as colleges and universities reached the standards of physical training. There were nearly 3000 sites for morning and evening exercises of national fit-keeping activities. Construction of supporting projects for the National Fit-Keeping Project was strengthened. In 2002, supporting projects including 1200 “Household Projects”, 39 “Standard Projects” and 6 “Municipal Projects” were built, with a total area of 861,000 square meters and a total investment of 180 million yuan, including 45.00 million yuan from the public welfare funds of Beijing sport lottery.
The level of athletic sports improved steadily. At the end of the year, there were 791 excellent athletes in Beijing. In 2002, 37 international and domestic games were held in Beijing, involving 106 items and times. 21 city-level athletic games (of Olympic Games) were held, involving 49 items and times. 28 mass games were held in Beijing, involving 49 items and times. Athletes won a total of 110 medals in international and national matches, including 45 gold medals and 36 silver medals. At the Pusan Asian Games, 52 athletes and 17 coaches from Beijing were involved in China delegation and participated 24 games. Of them, 12 athletes won 20 gold medals, 8 silver medals and 5 copper medals in 7 games. The number of gold medals won by Beijing athletes in the Asian games achieved a historic breakthrough.
VI. Population, Employment and People’s Living
Population:The aggregate population of Beijing was controlled. The number of permanent residents in Beijing increased slowly. By the end of 2002, permanent residents (who having been in Beijing for more than half a year) totaled 14.232 million, an increase of 399,000 in number or 1.5 percent as compared with that in the previous year. Beijing’s birthrate was 6.6 per mill, an increase of 0.5 permillage points from the previous year. The death rate was 5.7 per mill, an increase of 0.4 permillage points from the previous year. And the natural population growth rate was 0.9 per mill, an increase of 0.1 permillage points. According to the statistics from Public Security department, the population through household register was 11.363 million, rising by 1.2 percent over the end of the previous year.
Employment and Social Security:  Employment channel were explored actively in Beijing. The social security system was improved gradually. According to the labor department, the number of unemployed people in Beijing totaled 60,200 by the end of 2002. The registered rate of unemployment was 1.35 percent, within the scheduled rate of 2 percent. The Reemployment Service Center that had been of service for five years completed its mission. The basic living of laid-off workers could be insured through unemployment insurance system. A basic living security system was established in Beijing preliminarily for laid-off workers, integrating the basic living security system for laid-off workers and the living security system for urban residents with the retirement, unemployment and medical insurances.
Resident income:The per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 12463.92 yuan, up by 13.5 percent over the previous year, a real increase of 15.5 percent allowing for the price changes. The annual per capita living expenses of urban residents in Beijing reached 10285.83 yuan, up 15.3 percent over the previous year, a real increase of 17.4 percent if eliminating the price factor. The Engel coefficient of urban residents was 33.8 percent, down by 2.7 percentage points from the previous year. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 5880 yuan annually, up by 11.5 percent over the previous year, a real growth of 12.3 percent if eliminating the price factor. The annual per capita living expenses of rural residents reached 4206 yuan, up by 8.6 percent over the previous year.
Housing of residents: The living environment improved significantly. In 2002, a total floor space of 21.896 million square meters of housing was completed in Beijing, up by 21.3 percent, including 3.164 million square meters of economic and suitable houses. The per capita usable floor space of houses for Beijing’s urban residents rose from 17.62 square meters in 2001 to 18.2 square meters, an increase of 0.58 square meters. The per capita floor space of living houses for rural residents was 32.6 square meters, 1.6 square meters more than that in the previous year.
Annex 1  Notes:
1.  All figures in the Communique are preliminary statistics.
2.  Figures in value terms on added value quoted in the Communique are at current prices, whereas growth rates are calculated at comparable prices unless otherwise indicated.
3.  The resident propensity to consume average means the proportion of living expenses of residents to the disposable income.
4.  Labor productivity is calculated by added value at current price.
5.  The retail sales of consumer goods do not include the sales of resident houses.
6.  Engel coefficient refers to the proportion of residents’ food expenses to the living expenses.
Annex 2   Statistical Statements of the Economic Development 2002
Name of Index                                  Unit                                      2002         2002 as %
of 2001
Retail sales of consumer goods            Billion yuan           174.48       109.5
Foodstuff                                            Billion yuan            46.99       102.2
Clothing                                              Billion yuan            19.13        99.1
Daily use commodities                         Billion yuan           101.59       121.8
Output of Major Agricultural Products And Byproducts
Grain
10,000 tons
82.3
78.5
Vegetable
Ditto
545.6
104.1
Meat
Ditto
73.5
112.7
Fresh eggs
Ditto
16.9
108.3
Milk
Ditto
55.1
128.4
Aquatic products
Ditto
7.4
100.0
Pigs slaughtered
10,000 heads
474.7
104.8
Output of Major Industrial Products
Rolled steel
10,000 tons
750
Electricity generated
100m kwhs
142
Heat supplied
10,000m kjs
2961
LPG
10,000 tons
42
Fertilizer
10,000 tons
1.0
Cement
10,000 tons
884
Ethylene
10,000 tons
90.4
Automobile
10,000 Nos.
24.3
Color teletron
10,000 pieces
751.3
Display
10,000 sets
311
Mobile telecom equipment
10,000 sets (channels )
58.2
Micro computer
10,000 sets
415.7
Mobile telephone
10,000 sets
2280.1
Program-controlled exchanger
10,000 lines
2017.7
Potable spirit
10,000 tons
138.7
Dairy products
Tons
13869
Total volume of transportation by various means (Beijing area)
Volume of cargo transportation
10,000 tons
30790.8
Railway
Ditto
2370
Highway
Ditto
28375
Airway
Ditto
45.8
Volume of passenger transportation
10,000 person-trips
29559.6
Railway
Ditto
5170
Highway
Ditto
23112.3
Civil aviation
Ditto
1277.3
2002 as % of 2001
Consumer price index (the previous year=100)                   98.2
Foodstuffs
98.0
Tobacco, wine & daily-use articles
100.6
Clothing
95.9
Household equipment, articles & servicing
97.0
Health-care & personal commodities
100.2
Traffic & telecom
99.5
Entertainment, educational, cultural commodities & service
99.5
Housing
101.9
Name of Index                                  Unit                                      2002         2002 as %
of 2001
Durable consumer goods held by urban households
(per hundred households)
Air conditioner
Sets
106.5
118.7
Shower heater
Nos.
83.5
106.9
Color TV
Sets
148.4
99.7
Refrigerator
Sets
101.6
95.3
Washer
Sets
98.6
96.5
Personal computer
Sets
55.5
122.5
Microwave oven
Sets
73.1
108.1
Kitchen ventilator
Sets
78.5
111.5
Electric cooker
Sets
98.1
85.9