三个特殊关系代词

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 三个特殊关系代词的用法

  but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句  but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。  as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know.  than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。  在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组: 1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子: ① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子: ①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)