世界上设计最庄严的十大教堂（组图）

网上看到这篇文章中的照片和建筑非常漂亮，就转了。我很好心地，粗略地翻译了部分内容后发现很想睡觉了。所以，麻烦不懂英文的网友直接看图吧，麻烦懂英文的网友看文章底部链接的原文。如果有人能够继续好心地翻译好，就太激动人心了。
Las Lajas Cathedral

Las Lajas Cathedral (ImageCredit:Jungle_Boy [Flickr])

Las Lajas Cathedral, side view from the bottom (Image Credit:julkastro [Flickr])
 Las Lajas Cathedral [wiki]（圣母避难所）1916始建于哥伦比亚某处，源于当地的一个圣母显灵的传说。传说一位名叫 María Mueses de Quiñones 的印第安妇女背上背着她的聋哑女儿 Rosa 在 Las Lajas ("The Rocks")附近. 攀援疲倦了的 María坐在一块石头上休息。这时，她的女儿 Rosa 第一次开口话说，她说有什么幻影在洞口闪过。
稍后，一幅神秘的画像 在山洞壁上被发现。画的是圣母玛丽亚背抱着个宝宝。画像上的色彩不是一般颜料，象是源于岩石本身的色泽，深入岩石内几英尺。
无论这个传说是真是假，Las Lajas Cathedral 这座哥特式教堂无悔于这个传说。
Sagrada Familia 圣家教堂

La Sagrada Familia, always under construction (Image Credit:chrisjfry [Flickr])

A fantastic photo detailing the exterior of the La Sagrada Familia church
byChristopher Chan [Flickr]

La Sagrada at night (Image Credit:martinhughes81 [Flickr])
La Sagrada Familia [official site |wiki], 或隆尼亚“圣家族大教堂”是论坛尚未完工的罗马天主教教堂。它位于西班牙巴塞罗那。
The church’s design is rich with Christian symbolism, with façades featuring intricate details describing the birth, life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Perhaps the most awe inspiring is the eighteen towers representing the 12 Apostles, 4 Evangelists, the Virgin Mary, and a central tower - the tallest of them all - representing Christ.
The construction of the Sagrada Familia basilica started in 1882, directed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí, who devoted his life to it. When people said that the construction had taken a very long time, Gaudí replied that he was building the church for God, and that his client wasn’t in a hurry. He then became known as "God’s Architect."
In 1926, Gaudí got run over by a street car. Because of his raggedy attire and empty pockets, no one wanted to take him to the hospital. Eventually, he was taken to a pauper’s hospital where no one recognized him until his friends found him and tried to move him to another hospital. Gaudí refused, saying that he belonged with the poor, and died a few days later.
Because Gaudí refused to work with blue prints, preferring to use his imagination and memory instead, construction of La Sagrada Familia was halted after his death. Part of the church was even burnt during the Spanish Civil War. Construction of La Sagrada Familia was restarted afterwards and continues until today.
St. Basil’s Cathedral圣巴西勒大教堂

St. Basil’s Cathedral (Image Credit:kirkh [Flickr])

St. Basil’s Cathedral at night (Image Credit:rwike77 [Flickr])
As its name implies,St. Basil’s Cathedral [wiki] on the Red Square in Moscow, Russia, is named after Saint Basil (who is also known as Basil Fool for Christ). The story goes that in the 1500s, an apprentice shoemaker/serf named Basil stole from the rich to give to the poor. He also went naked, weighed himself with chains, and rebuked Ivan the Terrible for not paying attention in church. Most of the time, admonishing anyone with name "the Terrible" wasn’t such a good idea, but apparently Ivan had a soft spot for the holy fool (as Basil was also known) and ordered a church to be built in his name after Basil died.
St. Basil’s Cathedral, a Russian Orthodox church, sports a series of colorful bulbous domes that taper to a point, aptly named onion domes, that are part of Moscow’s Kremlin skyline (although the church is actually not part of the Kremlin).
Oh, and Ivan the Terrible lived up to his name after he supposedly blinded the architect who built the church so he would not be able to design something as beautiful afterwards.
Hagia Sophia 圣索非亚大教堂

Hagia Sophia (Image Credit:Sloppy Stephen [Flickr])

Simply a gorgeous night photo of Hagia Sophia (Image Credit:Qaoz [Flickr])
从技术上说，Hagia Sophia 圣索菲亚大教堂[wiki] (Greek for the Church of the Holy Wisdom of God)已经不再是一个教堂，而是位于伊斯坦布尔的博物馆。 最初，他是作为早期基督教教堂，后来在东正教君士坦丁堡被重建。在1453年落入士耳其人之手便被作为清真寺，最终它成了博物馆。
Hagia Sophia as we know it today was completed by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in 537. When completed, the temple was so large and richly decorated that Justinian proclaimed "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!". It remained the largest church for one thousand years after it was completed.
Hagia Sophia is one of the greatest surviving examples of Byzantine architecture, with a large central dome and interior intricately decorated with mosaics, marbles, and stone inlays. The dome, often referred to as the vault of heaven, was a new architectural feature at the time, necessitating the invention of a new pillar support system.
Today, the restoration of Hagia Sophia is a delicate balance of restoring Christian iconographic mosaics under historic Islamic art, which would have to be destroyed to reveal the work underneath.
St. Peter's Basilica 圣彼得大教堂

St. Peter’s Basilica (Image Credit:dionc [Flickr])

St. Peter’s Basilica at night (Image Credit:MichaelTurk [Flickr])

Cupola or dome of St. Peter’s Basilica (Image Credit:robert_562 [Flickr])

Ornately detailed interior of the St. Peter’s Basilica (Image Credit:scot2342 [Flickr])
世界上最大的宗教建筑，更不用说是基督教的中心。我猜想，为圣徒彼得在梵蒂冈建造的这个墓地是这个迷你国家中最大的教堂。 它确实是巨大的：教堂占地5.7亩(2.3公顷)，能同时容纳60,000人。
Before St. Peter’s Basilica as we know it was built, there was already a church there built in 324 C.E. by Emperor Constantine, the first Christian emperor of Rome. That church lasted for about 1,200 years until the crumbling structure was torn down to build the modern-day basilica. St. Peter’s Basilica was built by the who’s who of the Renaissance era: Michelangelo designed the dome, Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the main square, and Donato Bramante was the first architect of the church.
Notre Dame巴黎圣母院

Notre Dame HDR (Image Credit:Delox - :: SK :: EU :: [Flickr])

Notre Dame at night (Image Credit:Atoma [wiki])

Interior HDR of Notre Dame (Image Credit:mircea tudorache [Flickr]). [Update 5/9/07: Oops, not Notre Dame de Paris. It’s Notre Dame in Montreal. Still, I left it up because it is quite a beautiful photo.]

Another interior picture of Notre Dame (Image Credit:eugene [Flickr])

South Rose Window of Notre Dame (Image Credit:robert_562 [Flickr])
Notre Dame de Paris [wiki] or simply Notre Dame is the quintessential example of Gothic Architecture. Construction of the church started in 1163, when Bishop Maurice de Sully decided to build a cathedral befitting his status as the bishop of Paris. Notre Dame was completed some 200 years later - one of the first European cathedrals to be built on a truly monumental scale.
A particularly striking feature of Notre Dame are its Rose Windows - massive (at the time they were the largest windows in the world) circular stained glass windows that depict scenes from the bible.
Legend has it that when Notre Dame’s bell "Emmanuel" was recast in the 1600s, women threw their gold jewelry into the molten metal to give the bell its unique ring.
At the end of the 18th century, during the French Revolution, the church was ransacked, its treasures plundered and many of the statues of saints were beheaded. Notre Dame was dedicated to the Cult of Reason and then the Cult of the Supreme Being - for a while, it was even used as a barn!
In 1831, Notre Dame was made famous by Victor Hugo, who wrote "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," about Quasimodo, a hunchback bell ringer who fell in love with the Gypsy Esmeralda. The popularity of the book spurred a gothic revival in France and helped the restoration of the cathedral back to its original splendor.
Hallgrímskirkja 雷克雅未克大教堂

Hallgrímskirkja (Image Credit:Andreas Tille [wiki])
Hallgrímskirkja [wiki] 雷克雅未克大教堂(Icelandic for the Church of Hallgrímur), 冰岛最高的建筑物，以 Hallgrímur Pétursson，一位17世纪的诗人和牧师的名字命名的。
这座教堂设计的与众不同（也有人认为它象某种粗鲁的手势）之处在于，它模拟火山喷发后形成的尖顶。.
雷克雅未克大教堂位于雷克雅未克市中心的山丘上,建于1930年,是该市的地标性建筑。而教堂前的西格松雕像是为纪念冰岛独立之父西格松(Eiriksson)而建。
The iconic building looks like it belongs in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings. Indeed, many aspects of Tolkien’s work was inspired by Norse mythologies and many of the fictional names in the book are Norse in origin, although there is no reference that Hallgrímskirkja served as a model any of the towers in the book.
Jubilee Church罗马千禧教堂

Richard Meier’s Jubilee Church (Image Credit:alaninabox [Flickr])

Back view of the church (Image Credit:alaninabox[Flickr])
You can’t miss the distinctive curved walls ofThe Jubilee Church [wiki] in Tor Tre Teste, Rome. It was designed in 1996 by architect Richard Meier, who said that the modern-styled church is the "the crown jewel of the Vicariato di Roma’s (Archdiocese of Rome) Millennium project." And right he was!
The curved walls not only serve the engineering purpose of minimizing thermal peak loads in the interior space, they are also a religious methapor:
Three circles of equal radius generate the profiles of the three shells that, together with the spine-wall, make up the body of the nave. While the three shells discretely imply the Holy Trinity, the reflecting pool symbolizes water in the ritual of Baptism.
Notre Dame du Haut 廊香教堂

Notre Dame du Haut or Ronchamp (Image Credit:jimgrant [Flickr])
这是座模仿猫王 Elvis的发型建造的教堂。The pilgrimate chapel is located in Ronchamp, France. Indeed, it is more famous than the little town that most people simply call the structure itself Ronchamp.
The cleverness of unusual design of the billowing concrete roof is apparent when it rains: water pours off the slanted roof onto a fountain, creating a dramatic waterfall.
Although quite different from his usual design, Notre Dame du Haut is considered one of Le Corbusier’s finest work.
The Crystal Cathedral水晶大教堂

Crystal Cathedral (Image Credit:richmanwisco [Flickr])

Interior of the Crystal Cathedral, notice the giant organ (Image Credit:Wikipedia)

Another view of the interior (Image Credit:Savannah Grandfather [Flickr])
The Crystal Cathedral [official site |wiki] is neither made of crystal nor is it a cathedral. Nevertheless, the Christian megachurch in the city of Orange Garden Grove, California, is one amazing church.
Built by "The Hour of Power" televangelist Rev. Dr. Robert H. Schuller (who started out with a "drive-in" church located in an actual, old drive-in movie theater!) and his wife Arvella, and designed by architect Philip Johnson, the church is made almost entirely out glass with a web-like framework of steel.
From the outside, the Crystal Cathedral is shaped like a giant four-pointed crystal star, with the main "cathedral" rising 12 stories above the ground, featuring a mirror-like exterior composed of some 12,000 panes of glass. The view is even more amazing from the interior, where the transparent glass lets in the surrounding view, sunlight and the sky.
The Crystal Cathedral also has one of the largest pipe organs in the world, called the Hazel Wright Pipe Organ, with 5 consoles controlling 270 ranks, 31 digital ranks, and more than 16,000 pipes!
Bonus: Darth Vader Grotesque
Waaaay up near the top of the tower of the Washington National Cathedral, there is a carved grotesque (a structural element to deflect rainwater from the building, similar to a gargoyle) shaped like …Darth Vader!
How did the Star Wars villain get there? Turns out in the 1980s, the Cathedral sponsored a sculpture design competition for children. Four winning designs were chosen: a raccoon, a girl with pigtails and braces, a man with large teeth and an umbrella, and lastly, Darth Vader.
If you must know, the Darth sculpture was proposed by Christopher Rader of Kearney, Nebraska.
Bonus: The Abston Church of Christ   abston基督教

Amy Hughes’LEGO Church
计算机程序员 Amy Hughes built a fantastically detailed 7 feet by 5 1/2 feet by 30 inches miniature church out of LEGO, called theAbston Church of Christ.
Why Abston? That’s because LEGO is made out of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). It took her over a year to build the church.
Bonus: The Dog Chapel狗礼拜堂

Stephen Huneck’sDog Chapel, complete with statue of a man walking his dog
当他被狗和深爱他的妻子从被医生认为会夺走他生命的疾病中恢复后，艺术家Stephen Huneck 决定为人类最忠实的朋友建造一个礼拜堂。
Huneck 把dog chapel 建造在他位于Vermont的St. Johnsbury农场山顶上。 礼拜堂中，有四个饰有狗雕刻图形的椅子，梦幻的狗狗彩绘玻璃，和其它狗狗艺术品。
转自：http://www.neatorama.com/2007/05/07/10-divinely-designed-churches/