古希那

      The paper focuses its attention on the cultural effect upon the English learning and emphasizes the significance of an awareness of cultural difference in English learning. The western civilization is greatly influenced by Ancient Greek civilization, which helps the development of the western civilization. Christianity, on the other hand, nurtures and turns the western culture to flourish. Literature, as an artistic presentation of language, is subject to a particular culture. In order to narrow the cultura...             本文着重论述了文化因素对语言学习的影响和作用，强调了在外语教学中应注重文化差异的导入。古希腊文明是西方文明的源头，她深刻影响着西方文明的发展；基督教文化思想则哺育并深刻影响着西方文化的发展和繁荣。作为语言艺术的西方文学反映和代表着西方文化。因此，要奠定坚实的语言文化基础，我们就需要不断地了解和学习西方文化，就需要了解并熟悉西方文化的源头——古希腊文化传统和希伯来传统，引导学生广泛涉猎英美文学作品、英美报刊，了解西方文化并从中汲取有益的东西，使学生在掌握扎实的语言基础知识和技能的同时，多层面地审视西方社会生活，开阔视野，缩小中西文化间的巨大差异，领悟蕴藏在原文作品中的与本民族文化截然不同的文化因素，从而正确地理解和运用语言，提高自身的语言水平和文化修养 文摘来源          The necessity of the mention of Greek culture in speeches used by Mao Ze dong was to criticize the dogmatism in the Party.While in the extremely leftist period,the term was used to refer to the worshipping and having blind faith in foreign things.Nowadays,we use it to refer to worshipping the Western culture including the advanced culture of ancient Greece.As a historical and cultural phenomenon,the worship is long standing,wide spread and inevitable.This article illustrates why the ancient Greek culture...             毛泽东使用“言必称希腊”,是批评党内的教条主义 ;极左时期使用“言必称希腊”,是指崇洋媚外 ;现在我们使用“言必称希腊”,是指对西方包括古希腊先进文化的推崇。这种推崇 ,作为一种历史的和文化的现象 ,由来已久。本文探讨古希腊文化何以为人们言必称之 ,以及如何正确对待异域文化 文摘来源          Compared with the other nationalities,the ancient Greek focused the world's attenion for their splendid culture.The cultural characteristics are mainly reflected from the following aspects:the extending of human nature,the rising of reason,the encouragement of democracy,the promotion of opening situation,which have given the Greek culture great vitality and make it immortal.             与同时代的周边民族相比 ,古希腊人以其耀眼夺目的辉煌文化成就令世人瞩目。其文化特色主要体现在人性的舒展、理性的升华、民主的弘扬、开放的拓展四个方面 ,这种文化特色使古希腊文化至今依然散发着永恒的魅力 文摘来源          Ancient Greek music is generally characterized by single-instrument performance with unsystematic occasional accompaniment, on-the-spot improvisation with certain restrictions; co-occurrence of music, dance and poetry recitation. Ancient Rome inherited the Greek civilization and passed down many basic concepts in music to the following genetations.             一般来说 ,古希腊音乐有三种主要特征 :第一 ,基本上是单音音乐 ,偶尔有支声 ,但不系统 ;第二 ,受一定法则的限制 ,即兴创作即兴演唱 ,创演合一 ;第三 ,音乐、舞蹈、诗歌三位一体 ,特别是音乐、诗歌不分家。古罗马继承了古希腊文化 ,并留下了许多关于音乐的基本概念 文摘来源          The major characteristic of ancient Greek Polytheism is that many gods exist side by side and pluralistic beliefs,which created the ancient Greek cultural spirit of freedom,secularism and rationality.             古希腊宗教的主要特点是诸神并存 ,信仰多元。这一特点造就了自由、世俗和理性的古希腊文化精神。 文摘来源          Human nature has long been the focus of philosophists.Aristotle had made three statements on human nature:"Acquirement is human nature"puts emphasis on perceptual knowledge,representing the purest philosophy presents by the ancient Greek culture which is distinctive with its feature of"loving wisdom";"Man is a rational animal"focuese on perceptual knowledge,a grasping rationalism's pursuit of definition at the level of philosophical ontology;"Man is inborn a political animal"puts emphasis on social politics...             人的本质问题 ,自古以来一直是哲学家们所关注的焦点问题。亚里士多德对人的本质曾下过三个论断 :“求知是人的本性”侧重于感性认知的角度 ,它代表着以“爱智慧”为显著特征的古希腊文化所体现出来的最为纯正的哲学精神 ;“人是理性的动物”侧重于感性认知的角度 ,它把理性主义对事物确定性的追寻提高到了哲学本体论的高度加以把握 ,把古希腊哲学对人的本质的研究推向了最高峰 ;“人是天生的政治动物”侧重于社会政治的角度 ,在人类历史上第一次较为素朴地揭示了人的社会属性 ,是人的自我认识史上一次重大的飞跃。亚里士多德的这些思想在今天看来 ,仍然是十分深刻并且富有相当的现实意义和启示意义的 文摘来源          The old Hebrew culture and the old Greek culture are two sources of Europe literature. They form the Christian culture in constant conflict and merger. The christian culture made the reason and human consiciousness develop to the highest, so the religious human consciousness was born. This kind of human consciousness and the secular human consciousness in old Greek culture, they both have multitudinous reflection in later writer's creative thoughts and literary figure, or simple,or deepgoing. In this articl...             古希伯来文化和古希腊文化是欧洲文学的两个源流，他们在不断的冲突融合中形成了基督教文化。基督教文化将希伯来文化中的理性人本意识发挥到了极致，宗教人本意识诞生了。这种人本意识与古希腊文化中蕴含的世俗人本意识一起，在后世作家的创作思想和文学形象中有众多体现，或浅显或深隐。本文旨在通过分析小仲马笔下的悲剧人物马格丽特在不同生活状态下原欲和理性的 巨大作用，来表现人物在摆脱了原始欲望后理性的正确性，进而寻求一条自然欲求和社会道德律令能实现暂时和谐统一的中庸之路。 文摘来源          A logic system bears the characters of its own, of which some are in common with and some are particular to the others for they came out from different historical and cultural backgrounds. A comparative study of two logic systems should base on the analysis of their historical background and the interpretation of their cultural host; (2) The Mohist logic depend on Pre Qin culture of China and Aristotelean logic was embedded in Hellenism of Hellenistic Age; (3) In view of these two logic systems being the ...             基于不同历史文化背景而形成的不同逻辑传统 ,既有共同性 ,又有特殊性。因此 ,两种逻辑的比较研究只有建基于历史分析与文化诠释之上 ,才能对它们的异同作出合理的分析与说明。墨家逻辑依托于先秦文化 ,亚里士多德逻辑依托于古希腊文化。两种文化有不同的特征和需求。不同文化的特征和需求 ,产生了两种不同的逻辑。两种逻辑的差异主要表现为 :目的与任务不同 ,逻辑特征不同 ,主导的推理类型不同 ,推理成分的分析不同 ,后续发展状况不同。 文摘来源          The process of China accepting the Olympic is also a process of communication and colliding between Eastern culture and Western culture. It is meaningful that discussing the Western culture and its meaning which display in Olympic. This paper elaborated cultural origin of sport and Ancient Greece, cultural quintessence of Olympic Games, privilege spirit of Olympic Games, life spirit of sport and the relationship between sport and social moral. In the final, the idea why we applied the Olympic Games and the ...             中国接受奥林匹克的过程也是一个中西方文化交流、碰撞的过程。因此 ,探讨奥林匹克为代表的西方文化及其内涵是很有意义的。文章在阐述了体育与古希腊的文化渊源、奥运会的文化精髓、奥运会的法权精神、体育的人生精神、体育与社会道德的关系之后 ,对我们的申奥理念以及奥运文化规划的实施进行了分析和讨论。 文摘来源          This essay discusses the works of I.A. Richards (1893-1979), one of the founders and leading practitioners of the New Criticism,in the theory and practice of translation. Beginning with his book Mencius on the Mind (1932), which resulted from his initial stay in Chinaas Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University, Richards approached the problem of translation in conjunction with his theory of multipledefinition and the plurality of meaning in language. His later works in conjunction with his teaching in th...             本文讨论了新批评代表人物和在翻译理论与实践中都有建树的理查兹的著作。《孟子论心智》(1932)是他在清华大学任客座教授时的产物,在这本书中,理查兹探讨了与他的多重定义之理论及语言的多重意义相关的翻译问题。他后期的著述则与他在哈佛大学从事普通教育相关,那时他所关注的是古希腊文化的主要文本,即荷马的《伊利亚特》和柏拉图的《理想国》。他用简单的英文对这两部著述的翻译意在使普通读者能读懂。最后,作者论证道,理查兹后期作为一位诗人还改编了圣经的约伯书,从而形成了他通过戏剧表演来达到一种文化中介的实践。