fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty用法辨析pp

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这几个词都可表示程度,用法区别如下:

    一、含义上的区别

  (1) fairly 语气最轻,尽管经常与褒义词连用,但由于语气较弱,往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏,通常译为“还算”、“相当”。比如要说某部电影 fairly good,指的可能是还勉强过得去,只是没有否定。

    此外,fairly adv.还可表示“公正地”,“按规矩地”;“光明正大地”

He told the facts fairly.他实事求是地叙述这些事实。

  (2) quite 语气稍重,意为“颇”或“相当”。要是说某一部电影quite good,那是说这部电影相当不错,虽不是最好,但至少值得看。

  (3) rather 或 pretty 在语气上又稍重一点,意为“十分”或“相当”   (pretty 不如 rather 正式)。要是说某一部电影 rather / pretty good,指的是这电影相当不错,语气比较重,意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料地好。

    两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用,表示一种愉快的心情,与贬义(包括不褒不贬)词连用,表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。如:

  •   a rather [pretty] good play 相当好的戏
  •   rather [pretty] poor work 相当差的工作

  (4) very 语气最强,意为“很”或“非常”。要是说某一部电影very good,这是说这部电影很不错,算得上是精品之作。

    这些词语气的轻重可大致描述为:

   (not) → fairly → quite → rather / pretty → very

 二、用法上的差别

  (1) 以上各词中,只有 rather 可以与比较级以及副词 too (太) 连用。如:

  1. It’s rather colder today. 今天冷多了。
  2. This one is rather too large. 这个稍大了一点。

   注:quite 有时也与比较级连用, 但通常只限于 quite better (身体好)这一表达中。

  (2) rather 和 quite 有时可直接修饰动词, 而其他几个副词一般不这样用。如:

  1. I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你 (的意见)。
  2. We rather like the book. 我们很喜欢这本书。
  3. I was quite busy last week.我上星期相当忙。
  4. She is quite pretty, but  unhealthy-looking.她颇有几分姿色,但看起来并不健康。
  5. She was quite behind the age.她完全落后于时代了。
  6. This is a quite comfortable house.这是所相当舒适的房子。

  (3) rather, quite 与“冠词+形容词+名词”连用时, 通常置于冠词之前,有时也可放在冠词之后。但遇此类似情况,very 或 fairly 则只能放在冠词之后(形容词之前)。如:

  1. It’s quite [rather] a good idea.
  2. It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。

    注:若此结构中没有形容词,则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前。如:

  1. It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。
  2. Our maths teacher is quite a character我们的数学老师真有点与众不同。
  3. He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。
  4. He was rather tired.他有些疲倦了。
  5. You have done rather well.你做得相当不错。

 (4)rather(常与than连用)更

  1. These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这双鞋不好看,但是舒服。
  2. American young people would rather get advice from strangers.美国的年轻人宁可从陌生人那里获取咨询。
  3. We would rather receive money than the usual gifts.我们宁可接受钱而不希望受到通常的礼物。
  4. We would rather rent the house than buy it outright. 我们宁可租这幢房子,也不愿直接买下它。
  5. I had rather be dead than be a slave. 我宁可死去,也不愿意当奴隶。
  6. He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction .他宁愿辞职也不愿意参加这样一种欺骗的交易。

  (5) 通常只用 quite修饰不可分级的形容词(如:right, wrong, ready, full, empty, perfect, impossible, alone, unique 等,此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”。如:

  1. You’re quite right (wrong). 你完全正确(错了)。
  2. That’s quite impossible. 那完全不可能。

  (6) fairly 语气最轻,尽管经常与褒义词连用,但由于语气较弱,往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏,通常译为“还算”、“相当”。比如要说某部电影 fairly good,指的可能是还勉强过得去,只是没有否定。

  1. She paints fairly well.她画得相当好。
  2. This bed is fairly soft.这个床还算软。
  3. The speaker seems to be fairly apprised of the situation in the Far East.报告人似乎对中东局势相当熟悉。
  4. She speaks Spanish fairly well.她的西班牙语说得相当好。
  5. I was fairly sure that I would go to the party.我很可能去参加晚会(fairly适当的程度)。
  6. He was fairly beside himself with joy. (fairly完全地;全然地)他欣喜若狂。
  7. befairly beside oneself简直疯了
  8. He was fairly beside himself with rage.他气得快疯了。
  9. He was fairly beside himself with joy.他欣喜若狂。