英国著名戏剧家和诗人——莎士比亚作品集（外国文学）

莎士比亚
（William Shakes beare 1564～1616）
Shakespeare "(William wear beare 1,564 ~ thousand six hundred) famous British playwright and poet. Born in Warwick county of Stratford a wealthy families, has been used in local grammar school. At the age of 13 brings about business, drop-out decline in 1586 for London. First in front of the theater for noble customers see horse, after gradually become the theatre drudgery, actors, playwright, and shareholders. In 1597 bought a house in the home, the final years of his life in the home for.
Shakespeare is a 16th century to the early 17th century Britain's most famous writer (Ben Jones said that he is "time spirit"), is a European Renaissance humanism literature originator. He has written 37 dramas, 154 first 14 lines poetry, two long poem and other poems. Long poem "Venus and adonis" (1592 ~ 1593) and the LuKeLi silk humiliated record "(1593 ~ 1594) were drawn from the Roman poet dimension Ovid Jill's writings, theme is a description love irresistible and condemning against" honor "concept of animal behavior. 14 lines poem (1598) is used more 1592 ~ of continuity of poems form and theme is friendship and love. Sing Its main achievement is drama, according to age, thought and artistic style of development, can be divided into the early, middle and late three periods.
Early (1590 ~ 1600) : this period of Elizabeth central sovereignty is still in the consolidated, royal with business owners and new noble temporary alliance is still in development, 1588 years beat Spain "Armada" after became exclamation. The author makes life is full of optimism, believe humanistic ideas can be realized. This written in the period of the historical dramas and comedy show a anacreontic, optimistic style. Historical dramas such as "Richard iii" (1592), "Henry iii" (159.9), condemning the feudal tyrant, sing psalms enlightened monarch, express the humanism of the feudal tyranny and feudal lords of enlightened political ideal. Comedy such as "the midsummer night's dream" (1596), the twelfth night "(16)," happy "(16O0) etc, depicting the gentle and beautiful, persistence brave woman, after another, and finally to receive love feudal block victory, express the humanistic sing praises to free love and feudal abstinence shackle of social life claims. Even this period written tragedy romeo and Juliet (1,595) also have many anacreontic optimistic factors.
Medium-term (1601 ~ 1607) : at this time British countryside "enclosure movement" are accelerating, royalty and bourgeoisie and new noble temporary alliance are collapsing, social contradictions deepening heavy knot, political and economic situation deteriorating, James I succeeded after profligacy and malfeasance, more make people's pain intensified and resist happened frequently. In this case, Shakespeare deeply humanistic ideals and the reality of contradiction increasingly intensified and creation style also from lively optimism to gloomy grief, its written tragedy is not on sing humanistic ideals, but focuses on expose critical social evils and the darkness. Masterpiece "Hamlet" (16O1) shows a progressive forces and cure to the forces of the dark greatly outnumbered soul-stirring struggle. Othello (1604) connect the scene break into bondage and feudal capitalist egoism conspiracy of youth men and women moving love tragedy. King Lear (1608) describing the feudal king putin-assertiveness in sincere and education under the hypocrisy of facts into a real and a sympathetic "person" process. Tragedy Macbeth (1608) is exposed to the person's destructive power ambitions corrosion poisonous effect. This written in the period of the comedy valentine ", "the tit for tat" and so on also with tragic color.
Advanced (1608 ~ 1612 years) : then James I dynasty more corrupt, social conflicts more acute. Shakespeare is deeply humanistic ideals shattered, but back hometown write romantic legend drama. Its creation style also subsequently performance for romantic KongHuan. Cymbeline (1,609) and the winter's tale (1610) write communicate the reunion of or smeared after righted, reconciliation. The tempest (use) write the duke of milan used magic to seek right of aspiring brother Antonio etc on the boat, and taken to the desert island forgave him, his brother also return the throne. A similar Hamlet in the political storm, become calm. Forgiveness omfluence
Marx said Shakespeare as "one of the greatest genius of mankind". Engels praised the work of realistic spirit and plot the vitality and richness. Shakespeare's works almost been translated into world in different languages. 1919 years have been introduced into China, is now in Chinese the complete works of Shakespeare ".













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