史上最惊艳的自然摄影

The "Greatest Nature Photographs of All Time"

史上最惊艳的自然摄影

A polar bear dance, a doomed thresher shark, and a crowd of giant tortoises gathered at dawn in the Galapagos are just a few of the stunning images that have been selected as the Top 40 Nature Photographs of all time to celebrate the inaugural Green Auction on the 40th annual Earth Day this April 22, the International League of Conservation Photographers (ILCP) said this week.

据国际自然保护摄影是联盟这周宣布，《北极熊之舞》、《难逃一死的长尾鲨》、《黎明时分的巨型陆龟》，这些只是被选出的作为史上前40幅自然摄影作品中的一部分，这些作品都是为了庆祝在4.22第40届世界地球日举办的环保拍卖的开幕准备的。

Doomed by a gill net, a thresher shark in Mexico's Gulf of California is among an estimated 100 million sharks killed yearly for their fins. They add to the devastating global fish catch: nearly 100 million tons...

一只长尾鲨在墨西哥的加利福尼亚海湾掉进了刺网里，人们为了得到鱼翅，每年都有大约1亿只鲨鱼被捕杀。而且这么做也对全球的捕鱼业造成了毁灭性的损害，大概1亿吨鱼受此牵连。

The Top 40 collection, which represents a wide range of styles and genres and span over 100 years of the history of photography, were nominated and chosen by members of the ILCP, a fellowship of the world's top professional conservation photographers.

排名前40的这些照片是100多年的摄影历史以来各种流派和风格的代表，是由国际自然保护摄影是联盟提名和选送的，该联盟的成员都是世界顶级得职业环境保护摄影家。

"Many of the images, generously donated by the artists or their representatives, will be up for auction at the inaugural Christie's International "Green Auction: A Bid to Save the Earth" on April 22, with proceeds to be divided between four environmental organizations, which include: Conservation International (CI), Oceana, Natural Resources Defense Council and the Central Park Conservancy," ILCP said in a news statement.

国际自然保护摄影师联盟在一份新声明中指出：“其中的许多作品都是艺术家或者他们的代理们慷慨捐赠的，将要参加4.22克里斯蒂拍卖行的拍卖会开幕活动，暨环保拍卖：拯救地球的行动。拍卖募得的金额将会捐给一些环境保护组织，包括：国际环境保护组织、世界海洋保护组织、自然资源保护协会、中央公园保护组织等。”

A group of australian sea lions relax and frolic in a sea grass meadow near Little Hopkins Island, South Australia. "They are a curious species that nuzzle the lens and playfully pull on fin and mask straps. While I .was photographing them the leader of the group stood straight up and .looked around and then swam straight and fast for the beach with the entire group following. The sea was still and quiet and something told us that maybe we should leave too and we climbed into our boat just as .great white shark came into view. The Australian sea lion is one of the rarest and most endangered pinniped in the world."--David Doubilet

一群澳大利亚海狮在霍普金岛一片茂盛的海草水域休息玩耍。“它们是很好奇的物种，会用鼻子去蹭照相机镜头，用鱼鳍拨弄你的面镜带。当我拍它们的时候，这群海狮的头儿四周看了看，然后就带着整个队伍快速的笔直往沙滩游过去了。海面宁静而安详，似乎在说，你们也该离开，而我们也正如此，但是当我们准备回到船上的时候，看到了一只大白鲨。澳大利亚海狮是世界上最稀有也是濒临灭绝的棋类动物之一。”——David Doubilet

Assembled in an online gallery, the photographs include iconic images of nature in the 20th and 21st centuries, made by such photographic luminaries as famed black-and-white landscape artist Ansel Adams, National Geographic Magazine Editor-in-Chief Chris Johns, Pulitzer Prize-winning landscape photographer Jack Dykinga, and underwater documentarian Brian Skerry, ILCP said.

国际自然保护摄影是联盟说，这些作品都被收录在一个网上画廊里，其中包括20世纪和21世纪的一些自然景色拍摄作品，是由伟大杰出的摄影家、现已去世的Ansel Adams、《国家地理杂志》主编Chris Johns、普利策奖的风光摄影奖获得者Jack Dykinga和水下记录片制作人Brian Skerry一起创办的。

Morning Mist, Rock Island Bend, Franklin River, Southwest Tasmania, Australia. This iconic photograph was instrumental in allowing the rivers to run free. First published in The Australian newspaper prior to the 1983 Australian federal elections with the slogan, "Could you vote for a party that would destroy this?" There was public outrage. At 10.40 a.m. on 1st July, 1983, the High Court of Australia declared the Gordon Franklin dam illegal. The rivers still run free.

在澳大利亚清晨的薄雾中，从西南方塔斯马尼亚岛潺潺流过的富兰克林河在蜿蜒的洛克群岛中穿行，这张栩栩如生的照片中，河流自由流淌。这个作品最早发表于报纸《澳大利亚人》，而不是1983年时被澳大利亚联邦政府选为口号“你会为毁掉这么美的一切的党派投票吗”的配图，当时这引起了公愤。在1983.6.1，上午10点40分，澳大利亚高等法院终于宣判戈登-弗兰克林水坝是违法的，现在，富兰克林河依然自由的流淌着。

Polar Dance. "For centuries polar bears have gathered along the western shores of Hudson Bay [Canada] during late October and early November waiting for the bay to freeze. Here at Cape Churchill the land extends far out into the bay and is one of the first places the bay begins to freeze. When the ice grows solid, the polar bears move out onto the ice where they will spend the winter hunting for their main diet of ringed and bearded seals...The pregnant females leave the bay and head inland 35-40 miles. There they will dig dens, and the young will be born in December and January.

北极熊之舞

“几百年来，在10月末11月初的时候，北极熊都会聚集在加拿大哈得逊湾西岸等待海湾变成冰面。在Cape Churchill 的这里，陆地与海湾相连，是海湾最早结冰的地方之一。当冰面很坚固的时候，北极熊就开始在冰面上活动，这里，它们要花上一个冬天猎食它们的主食——肉一圈一圈的、长着胡子的海豹……怀孕的母北极熊会离开海湾，到内陆35-40英里的地方，在那里挖几个窝，她们的宝宝会在12月或者1月份出生。”

"Cape Churchill is the largest gathering of polar bears on earth. Here the relatively solitary bears come together and socialize waiting for the temperatures to drop and the ice to freeze. As the winter storm approached the cape, during near whiteout conditions, two adult polar bears test each other's strength in what is known as play fighting.

“Cape Churchill 是地球上最大的北极熊聚集地。在这里，形单影只的北极熊聚集到一起，一同等待气温下降，冰面坚固。随着暴风雪慢慢接近这片海角，在几乎白雪茫茫的环境中，两只成年北极熊开始用打闹比试起彼此的力气来。”

"From the time polar bears come out of their dens in March and April, cubs, like most animals, play-fight. Male polar bears continue to play-fight into adulthood. It not only keeps them fit and establishes a hierarchy, but to any viewer it is obviously something the bears enjoy.

“在北极熊宝宝3、4月份从窝里爬出来的时候开始，北极熊幼仔和其他大部分动物一样，都喜欢打打闹闹。公熊就算成年了还是会打斗。这不仅是他们适应和巩固自己等级的方法，同样也是大家看到的北极熊很喜欢做的事情。”

"Polar bears are my favorite mammal to photograph, and this image, titled "Polar Dance" with its almost human-like gestures of dance and the mood created by the blowing snow, is my most favorite image I've made."--Tom Mangelsen

“北极熊是我最喜欢拍的哺乳动物，而这张照片叫《北极熊之舞》，因为两只熊的动作很像人在跳舞的动作，而漫天飞雪更加渲染了情调，这也是我最喜欢的作品。”——Tom Mangelsen

More than one hundred photographers and editors associated with the ILCP were asked to submit nominations for images they considered to be "the best," in whatever way they chose to define it. The only restriction was an inability to self-nominate. They were encouraged, however, to consider factors such as aesthetics, uniqueness, historical and scientific significance, or contribution to conservation efforts.

100多名国际自然保护摄影师联盟的摄影师和编辑都要提交一份他们认为是“最好的”照片的提名名单。“他们可以以各种各样的定义来诠释'最好的'这三个字。唯一的限制是不能自荐。联盟鼓励他们从这几个方面考虑，美学、独特性、历史意义、科学意义，或者对环保的贡献。”

"It was no easy task, selecting just forty images from the incredible nominations submitted to us by some of the world's greatest nature photographers, but it was a tremendous honor for the ILCP to be asked to take the lead on this challenging project." said ILCP Executive Director Justin Black.

国际自然保护摄影师联盟主席Justin Black说：“这可不是件容易的事，从选送给我们的成千上万的世界最出色的自然摄影师的作品提名中只选出40幅，但是国际自然保护摄影是联盟能领衔完成这项极具挑战性的工程也是我们联盟极大的殊荣。”

"No doubt, there are other notable and worthy photographs that could have secured a spot in the Top 40 gallery," Black added, "but this diverse cross section clearly demonstrates the power of photographs to educate, enlighten, inspire, and stir us into action to protect our limited natural resources."

“毫无疑问，还有很多负有盛名的照片可以入围这40幅的行列，但是这次筛选的目的是为了选出有足够影响力教育、启蒙、鼓舞、激励我们保护我们有限的自然资源的照片。”

African elephants at twilight, Chobe National Park, Botswana.."During the year I spent living in the Okavango Delta of Botswana, I worked at night for periods of time, waking up at sunset to follow animals through the hours of darkness. I often started the evening at a favorite water hole where I hunkered down by the edge and made myself a fixture in the landscape. Elephants moved around me in the waning light like shadowy forms.

博茨瓦纳丘比国家公园暮色中的非洲象

“在我住在博茨瓦纳奥卡万戈三角洲的几年间，有一段时间是在夜间工作的，日落而出，在漫漫黑夜中追随动物的足迹。我夜晚的开始通常都是蹲在我最喜欢的一个小池塘边，安装我的摄影设备。昏暗的月光下，非洲象就在我周围走动，就像朦胧的幻影。”

"One evening a herd of bulls gathered across the water from me, rising above their reflections under an October moon, in a primeval scene of ancient Africa...The existence of huge free-roaming herds of elephants in Botswana is a symbol for both the nature of this landscape and for the human decisions that must be made about the fate of wild places and wildlife both here and elsewhere on Earth. How we balance those interests will be the legacy of our time, the path we leave on the land. "--Frans Lanting

“有一天晚上，一群公牛聚集在我所在的池塘对面，在十月的月光下，在一片宁静原始的非洲草原……博茨瓦纳能看到这么一大群闲庭信步的大象，是草原本性的象征，也是人类对于野生动物的生存环境和世界各地的野生动物抉择的象征。怎样平衡个中利益是我们要去做的，也是我们将要留给后人思考的。”——Frans Lanting

Water lilies, Okavango Delta, Botswana. "One of the greatest challenges in photography to me is to define a personal point of view. During my work in Botswana's Okavango Delta, I looked for ways to capture the essence of this great wetland and my own response to the wonder of it.

睡莲 奥卡万戈三角洲 博茨瓦纳

“摄影过程中我所遇到的最大的挑战之一就是对自己的观点做一个定位。在奥卡万戈三角洲工作的这段时间里，我用各种各样的方法来抓拍这片湿地中的精髓，以及我自己对这片奇观的感受。”

"The Okavango covers thousands of square miles, but it is really just a thin sheet of water stretched across the sands of the Kalahari. The delta's water lilies drew me in because they symbolize life made possible by water in this dry land. I photographed lilies covering lakes and giving shelter to an array of animal life, but I was searching for something more lyrical. One day I looked down in a clear lagoon and noticed how a patch of lilies was anchored in desert sand. An idea took hold. I plunged into the swamp...Actually, I slipped in. Quietly. Crocodiles abound here.

“奥卡万戈三角洲方圆几千平方英里，但是在广袤的卡拉哈里沙漠，这简直是杯水车薪。这幅睡莲之所以这么吸引我是因为它象征着在这片干涸的土地上，只要有水，就会有生命。虽然我已经拍过生长在其他地域水中的睡莲，它们是很多动物的庇护所，但是我还在寻找一些更富有内涵的东西。一天，当我向一片泻湖下看去时，我看到了一些深深扎根于这片沙漠的睡莲。这是灵感突然闪现，我一跃跳进沼泽……当然，事实上我是一点点、很当心的滑进去的，因为那里的鳄鱼实在很多。”

"While an assistant stood guard in a small boat, I sank to the bottom with a camera encased in a bubble-shaped underwater housing. I held my breath on each dive, which allowed for less than a minute at the bottom. It took many attempts and the better part of a day for the image to become refined.

“我的一个助理站在小船旁边给我望风，而我就用一个泡泡一样的水下防护罩把相机包了起来，然后带着它一起潜到湖底。每次我都屏住呼吸潜下去，这样我在水下能呆的时间连一分钟都不到。我试了很多次，又花了很多时间来挑选照片。”

"I was intrigued by the sinuous curves of the lily stems. In an interesting reversal of the maxim about magic light peaking around sunrise and sunset, underwater photography conditions get better towards high noon, when light penetrates farther into the depths. By the time I had figured out solutions to the technical problems of this shot, the midday sun backlit the lily pads suspended at the water's surface

“我被睡莲的茎那变幻莫测的蜿蜒所深深吸引，当光直射进水底，水下拍摄条件在艳阳当空时达到了最好的情况。当我想到怎么解决拍摄这张照片的难题时，正午的太阳刚好给悬浮在水面上的睡莲打上了背景灯光。”

"From the bottom of the swamp I saw that the lilies told a larger story, about the anomaly of water in the desert. In one sense the margin for life was exactly the distance from the lilies above my head to my toes buried in the sand. But my perspective was of the exuberance, not the limits, of life. The water was only a few feet deep, but the lilies reached for the sky."--Frans Lanting

“在沼泽的时候，我亲眼目睹了睡莲的故事，这是有关在这片沙漠里的水中反常的事。在某种程度上来说，生命力就是从我的头到我现在沙子里的脚这么高的睡莲。但是我认为，生命力更是它不局限于所在的环境而表现出的丰富多彩。水只有几尺深，但是这些睡莲的精神却堪比天高。——Frans Lanting”

Giant tortoises in pond, Alcedo Volcano, Galapagos Islands. "The Galápagos Islands provide a window on time. In a geologic sense, the islands are young, yet they appear ancient. The largest animals native to this archipelago are giant tortoises, which can live for more than a century. These are the creatures that provided Darwin with the flash of imagination that led to his theory of evolution.

池塘里的巨型陆龟 Alcedo 火山 加拉巴哥群岛

“加拉巴哥群岛从地理学的角度上说，这个岛是年轻的，但是它看上去却那么有历史的沧桑感。这片群岛上最大的动物莫过于巨型陆龟了，他们的寿命呦100多年。这也是让达尔文灵光一现，想到了进化论的生物。”

"Immutable as the tortoises seem, they were utterly vulnerable to the buccaneers and whalers who took them by the thousands in the last two centuries. But one population eluded them. Inside the Alcedo volcano on Isabela Island, an earlier era lingers. This caldera is sealed off from the outside world by steep lava slopes that rise to 3,860 feet on the equator.

“巨型陆龟似乎一直在那里一动不动，他们极易被海盗和捕鲸者攻击，过去的两个世纪里，它们已经被杀害了很多。但是有一些却活了下来，他们住在 Alcedo 火山的一个岛中，因为火山岩浆喷发而与外界与世隔绝，喷出的岩浆凝固后变成了陡峭的岩壁，而且足有3860尺高。”

"It was not until 1965 that an Ecuadorian biologist found a way down inside and discovered a world where giant tortoises roamed in primordial abundance. This group had presumably never seen humans...They hadn't seen many more when I entered the time capsule of the caldera.

“直到1965年，厄瓜多尔的一位生物学家才找到了一条通往这座火山下面的路，随即发现了另一番世界，在这里，一群原始的巨型陆龟安详的踱步，这些陆龟大概从来没有见过人类……当我来到这座火山的时候，它们见过的人也屈指可数。”

"For one memorable week, I lived among the tortoises of Alcedo. Photography one morning was one of those precious experiences where I could be part of a scene rather than a distant observer. The tortoises were resting in a pond as soft mist mingled with sulfur steam from nearby fumaroles and dust from an erupting volcano to the west, and I was able to create an image that evokes the era when reptiles dominated life on land."--Frans Lanting.

“在这值得纪念的一个星期中，我跟 Alcedo 的陆龟们住在一起。早上在这里拍照是我最珍贵的经历之一，这让我觉得我也是这篇自然景观中的一部分，而不是一个远途而来的探索者。这些陆龟趴在池塘里休息，池塘里弥漫着带有附近火山喷口散发出的硫磺味道的蒸汽，而我也可以想象得到开创了爬行动物住在陆地的新纪元的形象。——Frans Lanting”

ILCP President and photographer Cristina Mittermeier said, "One of the brightest contributions of photography to the preservation of special landscapes and creatures around the world is that images are able to shed light on some of the darkest, most remote corners of our planet. I've seen first-hand how photographs like these arrest the eye, invite reflection, provoke emotion, and become a shared experience that gifts us with a larger vision of the world."

国际自然保护摄影师联盟主席兼摄影师Cristina Mittermeier说：“摄影对自然景观和动物保护保护所做的最伟大的贡献，就是可以让这些动物的形象照亮世界上最阴暗、最遥远的角落。我曾经亲眼见过摄影师们是何等热爱这些生物捕获他们的眼球、引起心灵的共鸣、爆发出激昂的情感，然后将这份经历与地球上更多的人一同分享。”

Petrified sand dunes and reflection, Paria Canyon, Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness, Arizona..Pulitzer-prize winning photojournalist and landscape photographer Jack Dykinga made this photograph as part of a campaign to create National Monuments in both the Paria Canyon and Escalante Canyon drainages. He had tried on six separate occasions to make this image following seasonal rains, dissatisfied each time with the quality of the reflections in the standing water.

震撼的山丘和它的倒影 帕利亚峡谷 Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness 亚利桑那州

新闻记者及风光摄影普利策奖的获奖人，摄影师Jack Dykinga拍摄了这张照片也是作为希望帕利亚峡谷和艾斯卡兰特峡谷都能开设自然保护区的一部分努力。为了这张照片的效果，Jack Dykinga 已经在6个不同的时间试着拍摄季雨到来时的影像，但是每次对水中的倒影却都不甚满意。

His final effort paid off after driving south from Salt Lake City and arriving near Paria Canyon around midnight. Dykinga camped at the mouth of one of the side canyons and began hiking in around 3:30 a.m. in order to arrive on location in time for dawn and calm water.

在深夜驱车前往盐湖城，来到帕利亚峡谷附近之后，他的最后一次努力终于成功了。Jack Dykinga 在峡谷一侧的入口处安营扎寨，在凌晨3点30分左右的时候开始弃车从步，就是为了在黎明时能准时赶到目的地，拍到这宁静的水面。

The first-of-its-kind charity auction of some of the greatest nature photographs will take place on April 22, 2010 to coincide with the 40th anniversary of Earth Day and will be held at Christie's, Rockefeller Center, New York and carried live globally via Christie's LIVE on www.christies.com, ILCP said.

"The evening sale is slated to be a star-studded event with top celebrities serving on the Green Auction Host Committee that includes: Leonardo DiCaprio, Harrison Ford, Tobey Maguire, Franois-Henri Pinault, Salma Hayek, Bob Fisher, Candice Bergen, Ed Norton, Evelyn Lauder, Alec Baldwin, Zaha Hadid, Brooke Shields, and Matt Lauer.

国际自然保护摄影师联盟说，这种拍卖世界顶级摄影作品的慈善拍卖会将于2010.4.22举行，也是为了与第40个世界地球日同日举办，届时，此次拍卖会将在纽约洛克菲勒中心的克里斯蒂拍卖行举行，并且通过克里斯蒂拍卖行的网站www.christies.com向全球同步直播。

“这次的夜场拍卖会星光熠熠，由超级明星来担任环保拍卖的主持人和委员会，这些明星包括：莱昂纳多-迪卡普里奥，哈里森-福特，托比-马奎尔，皮诺德，萨尔玛-海耶克，鲍勃-费舍尔，甘蒂斯-伯根，爱德华-诺顿，伊芙琳-劳德尔，亚力克-鲍德温，扎哈-哈迪德，波姬-小丝和马特-劳尔。”

Seeing Double. July 2006, northern tip of Baffin Island. Its image mirrored in icy water, a polar bear travels submerged--a tactic often used to surprise prey. Scientists fear global warming could drive bears to extinction sometime this century.

孪生北极熊 2006.6月 巴芬岛北部

这幅照片中一只北极熊在冰水中就像在照镜子，它在水中潜泳——这是北极熊惯常使用的捕食技巧。科学家担心气候变暖会让北极熊在本世纪就灭亡。

Split Rock and Cloud, Eastern Sierra, California, 1976 Galen Rowell (1940-2002) was a master of incorporating fleeting qualities of natural light in compelling compositions. He saw this splendidly illuminated cirrus cloud floating quickly on the wind while climbing one evening in the Buttermilk region of California's Eastern Sierra Nevada.

卷云 东塞拉山 加利福尼亚 1976

Galen Rowell（1942-2002）是一位自合成快速移动影像及然光和并处理方面极为有造诣的大师。当他一天晚上在加利福尼亚州塞拉山 Buttermilk地区攀岩的时候，他看到壮观的卷云在风的吹动下迅速移动，美轮美奂。

Rather than simply capturing an image of the cloud out of context with the place, Galen wished to incorporate a sense of the boulder-strewn granite landscape around him. He imagined a composition that paired the cloud with a strongly graphic silhouette, and traversed the rugged landscape to find a foreground subject in a suitable position to photograph against the sky while the cloud passed overhead. He waited only thirty seconds after setting up his tripod-mounted Nikon before the cloud floated through the perfect position.

他没有断章取义的仅仅拍摄卷云，而是想将云和花岗石融为一体，他幻想着一张照片，可以讲卷云和坚毅的石头的轮廓合成在一起，然后他就穿过崎岖的山路，群找到了一个当卷云掠过时可以将二者结合的合适的位置。仅仅在三脚架放好后30秒，云彩就来到了这个绝妙的角度。

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