中国专有词汇的英语翻译

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中国专有词汇的英语翻译
1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
  八卦 trigram
  阴、阳 yin, yang
  道 Dao(cf. logo)
  江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
  e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
  道 Daoism(Taoism)
  上火 excessive internal heat
  儒学 Confucianism
  红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
  世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
  开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
  大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
  伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
  不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
  合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
  乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
  铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
  脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
  治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
  国庆节 National Day
  中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
  春节 Spring Festival
  元宵节 Lantern Festival
  儿童节 Children’s Day
  端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
  妇女节 Women’s Day
  泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
  教师节 Teachers’ Day
  五四青年节 Youth Day
3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
  馄饨 wonton
  锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
  花卷 steamed twisted rolls
  套餐 set meal
  盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
  米豆腐 rice tofu
  魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
  米粉 rice noodles
  冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
  火锅 chafing dish
  八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
  粉丝 glass noodles
  豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
  中国 电信 China Telecom
  中国 移动 China Mobile
  十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
  中国电脑联网 Chinanet
  三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
  希望工程 Project Hope
  京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
  扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
  菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
  温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
  安居工程 Economy Housing Project
  扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
  西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
  禅宗 Zen Buddhism
  禅 dhyana; dhgaya
  混沌 chaos
  道 Daosim, the way and its power
  四谛 Four Noble Truth
  八正道 Eightfold Path
  无常 anity
  五行说 Theory of Five Elements
  无我 anatman
  坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
  空 sunyata
  虚无 nothingness
  双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
  小品 witty skits
  相声 cross-talk
  噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
  夜猫子 night people; night-owls
  本命年 this animal year of sb.
  处世之道 philosophy of life
  姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
  还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
  大陆中国 Mainland China
  红宝书 little red book
  红色中国 socialist China
  四化 Four Modernizations
  终生职业 job-for-life
  铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
  大锅饭 communal pot
  关系户 closely-related units
  外出打工人员 migrant workers
  关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
  五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
  四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
  宣纸 rice paper
  衙门 yamen
  叩头 kowtow
  孔子Confucius
  牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
  武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
  功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
  中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
  中和 harmony (zhonghe)
  孝顺 to show filial obedience
  孝子 dutiful son
  家长 family head
  三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
  五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
  八股文 eight-legged essays
  多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
  养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
  基层监督 grass-roots supervision
  基础税率 base tariff level
  婚介所 matrimonial agency
  婚外恋 extramarital love
  婚纱摄影 bride photo
  黑心棉 shoddy cotton
  机器阅卷 machine scoring
  即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
  集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
  价格听证会 public price hearings
  甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
  家政服务 household management service
  加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
  假帐 accounting fraud
  叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
  矫情 use lame arguments
  渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
  借调 temporarily transfer
  扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
  扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption