宾语从句降解

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【复习目标】

▲掌握宾语从句的语序。▲掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。

▲掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。

【课前准备】要求学生回顾宾语从句的概念及其用法,并用各种引导词各造一个句子。

【知识要点】

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。

2.引导宾语从句的词有:

连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if, whether,如:

He knows that Jim will work hard.

连接代词who, whom, which等,如:

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

连接副词when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 

3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,

不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动

词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如:

He asked who could answer the question.

My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。

7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如:

I don't think he looks like his father, does he?

8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内,

不用连词联接;间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接。

(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如:

He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如:

He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如:

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。