（英语）商务书信用语

一. 商业书信常用开头语 Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
（1）特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
1. We are pleased to inform you that
2. We have pleasure in informing you that
3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of
4. We have the honour to inform you that (of)
5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that
6. We have to inform you that (of)
7. We have to advise you of (that)
8. We wish to inform you that (of)
9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of)
10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of)
11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice
12. Please allow us to call your attention to
13. Permit us to remind you that (of)
14. May we ask your attention to
15. We feel it our duty to inform you that (of)
（2）为(目的)奉告某某事项
1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of)
3. The object of the present is to report you that
4. The object of this letter is to tell you that
5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that
7. The present serves to acquaint you that
（3）惠请告知某某事项，等
1. Please inform me that (of)
2. Kindly inform me that (of)
3. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
4. Be so good as to inform me that (of)
5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of)
6. Oblige me by informing that (of)
7. I should be obliged if you would inform me that (of)
8. I should be glad if you would inform me that (of)
9. I should esteem it a favour if you would inform me that (of)
10. I will thank you to inform me that (of)
11. You will greatly oblige me by informing that (of)
12. We shall be obliged if you will inform us that (of)
13. We shall be pleased to have your information regarding (on, as to; about)
14. We shall deem it a favour if you will advise us of
15. We shall esteem it a high favour if you will inform us that (of)
（4）特确认，本公司某月某日函件等
1. We confirm our respects of the l0th May
2. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
3. We confirm our last letter of the l0th June
4. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
5. We confirm our respects of the l0th June
6. We confirm the remarks made in our respects of the l0th July
7. We confirm the particulars of our enquiry by telephone of this morning
8. In confirming our telegram of this morning, --
9. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
10. Confirming our last of the 10th June,---
（5）贵公司某月某日函电，敬悉等
l. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
2. We are pleased to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the lst June
3. We have to acknowhedge receipt of your favour of the 5th July
4. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
5. Your letter of April l0 gave me much pleasure
6. Your esteemed favour of 7th May was duly received by us
7. Your favour of the 5th June is duly to hand
8. Your favour of the l0th is to (at) hand
9. We are in due receipt of your favour dated the 7th June
10. We are in receipt of your letter of the 7th July
11. We are in possession of your letter of the 5th April
12. We have duly received your favour of the 5th March
13. Your letter of yesterday's date is duly to (at) hand
14. Your esteemed communication of yesterday's date is just to (at) hand
15. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
16. We are obliged for your letter of the 5th May
17. Many thanks for your latter of the 5th June
18. Very many thanks for your letter of May 5
19. In acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 5th June, ...
20. Your favour of the 5th May has just reached me
21. Your favour of the 5th May is duly received
22. Your favour of the 5th May is now before me
23. Your promised letter under date (of) the 5th June has just reached us
（6）特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等
1. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
2. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
3. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
4. We are in receipt of yours of the 5th June, in reply to which we are pleased to state that
5. In reply to yours of the l0th May, relative to..., I would say that
6. I am in receipt of your favour of the 7th May, and in response I inform you that (of)
7. In response to your letter of l0th May, I wish to say that
8. In answer to your favour of the 5th May regarding... I reply as follows:
9. Answering your letter of the 8th of February re..., I would say that
10. In reply to your letter of February 8th, I inform you that (of)
11. Replying to yours of the 8th of February regarding..., I would say that
12. Replying to your favour under date of February 8th re..., I say that
（7）非常遗憾，我们奉告您关于，等。
l. We regret to inform you that (of)
2. We are sorry to have to draw your attention to
3. We regret to have to say that
4. We regret to advise you that
5. We very much regret to announce you that
6. It is most regrettable that we have to inform you that (of)
7. It is with our greatest regret that we must inform you that (of)
8. To our greatest regret we must herewith inform you that (of)
9. It is a matter for regret that I have to inform you that (of)
10. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
11. It is with regret and reluctance that we have to inform you that (of)
12. It gives us a deep sorrow that we have to announce you that
13. It causes me much sorrow to have to say that
14. I feel sorry for having to announce you that
15. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
（8）当我们得悉……甚为遗憾等。
1. We are very sorry to hear (know) that
2. we are grieved to hear of (about)
3. We are indeed sorry to hear that
4' We very much regret to hear that
5. We regret to hear of (that)
6. It is with great regret that we just learn that
7. Much to our regret we have heard that
8. We regret to receive your information re
9. We regret that we have been informed that (of)
10. To our deep regret we were informed that (of)
（9）我们对于您某月某日来函的询价，深表谢意等。
1. We thank you very much for your inquiry of the l0th of May
2. I thank you for your inquiry of the 10th May
3. We are very much obliged by your enquiry dated the 10th May
4. We are indebted to your inquiry under date (of) the 10th May for
5. I thank you for your inquiry of July 10
6. Thanks for your kind enquiry of May 5
（10）兹函附某某，请查收，等。
1. Enclosed please find
2. Enclosed we hand you
3. We enclose herewith
4. Herewith we have the pleasure to hand you
5. We have pleasure in enclosing herewith
6. We take the liberty to enclose herein
7. We are pleased to enclose herewith
8. We are pleased to hand you enclosed
（11）遵照某月某日来函指示，等。
1. In accordance with the instructions given (contained) in your favour of the 10th May
2. According to the directions contained in yours of the 6th May
3. According to the instructions given in your letter under date of the 10th of last month
4. In conformity with (to) your instructions of the l0th ult.
5. Pursuant to your instructions of May 10
（12）关于详情，下次叙述，等。
1. I will write you particulars in my next.
2. Particulars will be related in the following.
3. I will relate further details in the following.
4. I will inform you more fully in my next.
5. I will go (enter) into further details in my next.
（13）如下列所记，如附件所述，等。
1. As stated below,
2. Annexed hereto,
3. Attached you will find...
4. As shown on the next page
5. As indicated overleaf（下页，背面）
6. As at foot hereof,
7. Sent with this,
8. As the drawings attached,
9. As shown in the enclosed documents,
10. As already mentioned,
11. As particularized on the attached sheet,
12. As detailed in the previous letter,
（14）因电文不太明确……，等。
1. Your telegram just received is quite unintelligible.
2. Please repeat your wire on receipt of this, stating your meaning more clearly.
3. Your telegram is not clear; explain the third and fourth words.
4. Your telegram is unintelligible; repeat more fully in plain language.
5. Your cable is not clear, repeat, using the codes agreed upon (on).
6. We cannot understand your telegram; state the code used and which edition.
7. Your telegram is not signed with cipher as agreed on; confirm if correct.
8. We cannot trace the code you used; please repeat the telegram in plain words.
9. Your telegram is too short to be understood. Please repeat it more fully.
l0. The telegram was vague (pointless), and they requested them to explain in plain words.
二. 商业英文书信常用结束语Closing Phrases & Sentences Generally Used in Business Letters
（1）我们盼望于近日内接获回信，等。
1. We hope to receive your favour at an early date.
2. We hope to be favoured with a reply with the least delay.
3. We await a good news with patience.
4. We hope to receive a favourable reply per return mail.
5. We await the pleasure of receiving a favourable reply at an early date.
6. We await the favour of your early (prompt) reply.
7. A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
8. We trust you will favour us with an early (prompt) reply.
9. We trust that you will reply us immediately.
10. We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
11. Will your please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
12. Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do.
13. We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
14. We are awaiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.
15. We thank you for the anticipated favour of your early reply.
16. We should appreciate an early reply.
17. We thank you in anticipation of your usual courteous prompt attention.
18. We thank you now for the courtesy of your early attention.
19. We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
20. Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
21. Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
22. Please send your reply by messenger.
23. Please reply immediately.
24. Please favour us with your reply as early as possible.
25. Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
26. May we remind you that we are still awaiting your early reply.
27. May we request the favour of your early reply?
28. A prompt reply would help us greatly.
29. A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
30. Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
31. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
32. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
33. We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
34. As the matter is urgent, an early reply will oblige.
35. We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
（2）回信请用电报，等。
1. We await your reply by telegraph.
2. Please wire reply to our telegram of this morning.
3. We are anxiously awaiting your reply by telegram.
4. Please arrange for your telegraphic reply, or long distance call, to reach us before noon on Monday.
5. Cable reply immediately, using Western Union Code.
6. Please acknowledge by wire the receipt of these instructions.
7. Please do not fail to telegraph your reply immediately on receipt of this letter.
8. Please telegraph your decision without delay as we have offers awaiting.
9. Please telegraph reply immediately, our offices will be open until 9 p.m.
10. Oblige us by replying by telegram before noon tomorrow, as we have another offer.
11. Inform us by telegram of your lowest quotations.
12. Wire me at the Grand Hotel. Yokohama, before noon.
13. Wire in time for us to write you in reply by 7 p.m. mail.
14. Telegraph me from Osaka before noon stating your telephone numbers.
15. Kindly reply me by wire (telegraphically).
16. We should be pleased to have you telegraphically reply us.
（3）关于某某事项，谨表谢意，等。
1. Please accept our thanks in advance for your usual kind attention.
2. Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken.
3. We are obliged to you for your kind attention in this matter.
4. We are greatly obliged for your trial order just received.
5. We wish to assure you of your appreciation of your courtesy in this matter.
6. We thank you for your order just received.
7. We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter.
8. We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair.
9. Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us.
10. We are very sensible of your friendly services on our behalf, for which please accept our sincere thanks.
（4）请原谅我的回信延迟……，等。
1. Please excuse my late reply to your very friendly letter of March 1.
2. I hope you will forgive me for not having written you for so long.
3. I hope you will excuse me for not having replied to you until today.
4. I humbly apologize you for my delay in answering to your kind letter of May 5.
5. I have to (must) apologize you for not answering your letter in time.
6. I must ask you to kindly accept our excuses, late as they are.
（5）我们对您的关照，谨致谢意，等。
1. We request you to accept our warmest thanks for the anticipated favour.
2. We thank you in advance for the anticipated favour.
（6）我们时刻不忘尽我们所能，为您服务，等。
1. We assure you of our best services at all times.
2. We shall spare no efforts in endeavouring to be of services to you.
3. We shall be pleased to be of service to you at all times.
（7）请原谅给您添了麻烦，等。
1. We hope you will pardon us for troubling you.
2. We regret the trouble we are causing you.
3. I regret the trouble it caused you.
4. We trust you will excuse us for this inconvenience.
5. We wish to crave your kind forbearance for this trouble.
6. We solicit your forbearance for such an annoyance.
7. We trust you will overlook this botheration, which we exceedingly regret.
8. Kindly excuse me for troubling you in this matter.
（8）请宽恕某某事项，等。
1. Please excuse this clerical error.
2. We tender you our apology for the inconvenience this error may have caused you.
3. We request you to accept our regret for the error of our clerk.
4. We greatly regret that we have caused you such a inconvenience.
5. We wish to express our regret for the annoyance this mistake has caused you.
6. We frankly admit we were at fault and we are anxious to repair the consequences.
（9）请多加关照，等。
1. We solicit a continuance of your valued favour.
2. We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.
3. We hope we may receive your further favour.
4. We hope to receive a continuance of your kind patronage.
5. We request you to favour us with a continuance of your kind support.
6. We solicit a continuance of your kind patronage.
（10）如有机会，我们必会报答您，等。
1. It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur.
2. We wish to reciprocate the goodwill.
3. We shall on a similar occasion be pleased to reciprocate.
4. We hope to be able to reciprocate your good offices on a similar occasion.
5. We are always ready to render you such or similar services.
6. We shall at all times be willing to reciprocate such or similar favour.
7. We shall be happy to have an opportunity of reciprocating to you on a similar occasion.
（11）今天我已经讲完应报告事项，等。
1. With nothing further to add today.
2. With nothing more for today.
3. Without anything further for the present.
4. With nothing further for the present.
5. Without anything more to communicate for today.
6. Without more to write you by this mail.
7. Without further to advise you today.
8. We have no more (nothing further) to tell (inform) you today. 



三. 商业英文书信中所使用的词语Words, Phrases & Clauses Used in Business Letters
（1）贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour; Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
（2）本信，本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
（3）前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects（自己的信）; The last favour（来信）
（4）次函
The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.
（5）贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday's date; Your letter dated yesterday.
（6）贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram（从国外）; Your coded wire（密码电报）; Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
（7）贵方电话
Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Your telephone call; Your ring.
（8）通知
(Noun)
Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message.
(Verb)（通知，告知）
To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice（预告）; To break a news to（通知坏消息）; To announce（宣布）.
（9）回信
(Noun)
An answer; A reply; A response.
(Verb)
To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one's answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one's letter.
（特此回信）
Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to.
（等候回信）
To await an answer; To wait for an answer.
（收到回信）
To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
（10）收讫，收到
(Noun)
Receipt（收到）; A receipt（收据）; A receiver（领取人，取款人）; A recipient（收款人）
(Verb)
To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt（开出收据）; To acknowledge receipt（告知收讫）.
（11）确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of（为确认...,为证实...）; A letter of confirmation（确认函或确认书）
（12）高兴，愉快，欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
（13）随函附件
Enclose; Inclose.
（14）迅速，立刻
Urgently; Promptly; Immediately; With all speed; At once; With dispatch; With all despatch; With the quickest possible despatch; With the least possible delay; As soon as possible; As quickly as possible; As promptly as possible; At one's earliest convenience; At the earliest possible moment; At an early date; Without delay; Without loss of time; Immediately on receipt of this letter; By express messenger; By Special messenger; By special delivery; By express letter.
（15）回信
By return; By return of post; By return of mail; By return of air-mail.
（16）依照
According to; Agreeably to; Conformably to; pursuant to; In accordance with; In conformity with (to); In obedience to; In deference to; In compliance with; In agreement with; In pursuance of.
（17）就……，关于
About; Regarding; Concerning; As to; As regards; With regard to; In regard to;(of); Respecting; Relative to; Anent; In connection with; Referring to; With reference to; In reference to; Re.
（18）期满到期及应付之款
To be due; To fall due (become) due（日期将到）; Duly（正时，及时）；In due Course （依照顺序）.
(19)（每个，按照，通过）
Per(=by, through) rail.(post,mail,steamer)（通过铁路，邮政，轮船）
Per pro.= by proxy （由代理）
Per annum （=yearly，每年）
Per mensem (=monthly,每月)
Per diem [daiem] (=daily,每日)
Per man, per capital (=per head,依照人数，每一人）
Per piece （每一个，每一件）
（20）表示抱歉（冒昧做了某事）
To take the liberty of doing something; To take the liberty to do something; To take the liberty in doing something.
（21）甚感遗憾，请包涵
To regret; To be sorry; To be chagrined; To be mortified; To be vexed; To regret to say; To be sorry to say; To one's regret; To feel a great regret for; To express regret; To be regretted; To be a matter for regret; To be regrettable; To be deplorable.
（22）（我们）对于……甚感荣幸
To have the honour of doing (being); To have the honour to do (be); To do one (oneself) the honour of doing (being); To esteem (regard) it as a high honour to do (be); To appreciate the honour to do (be); To feel honoured to do (be); To owe one a debt of honour to do (be); To be honoured with doing (being) something; To honour one with doing (being) something.
（23）请
Please; Kindly; be good enough; Be kind enough; Have the kindness.
（24）感谢，衷心感谢等
To thank; To be (feel) thankful; To be (feel) grateful; To be obliged; To be indebted; To esteem (it) a favour (privilege); To give (tender, return) one's thanks; To express one's gratitude (appreciation); To tender one's sincere thanks for; To be overwhelmed with gratitude.
（25）请照顾等
(Noun)（请吩咐）
Command; Order; Service
(Verb)（服务）
To command; To order; To serve; To be at one's service; To render service to one; To do one a service; To be of service to one.


表示天气情况的常用英语词语fine / clear / good / nice weather 好天气sunny / fine day 晴天
bad weather 坏天气 shower 阵雨
rain下雨 snow 下雪
light rain 小雨 moderate rain 中雨
storm 暴风雨 light air 微风
heavy wind 大风 mist薄雾
thick fog 浓雾 sleet 雨夹雪
lightning 闪电 cloudy then rainy 阴转雨
cloudy then sunny 阴转晴 sunny then cloudy 晴转阴

NBA 各种投篮方式
(slam) dunk：(强力)灌篮
bank shot：擦板球
double pump：拉杆式投篮(verb)
fade-away shot：后仰式跳投
hook shot：钩射投篮
jump shot：跳投
layup：带球上篮
perimeter shot：中距离投篮
set shot：立定投篮
three-point shot：三分球

成对的英语短语
aches and pains痛苦 affable and kind和善
ancient and modern古今 arts and science文理
bag and baggage提包和行李 black and white黑白
bucket and spade 桶和锹 brothers and sisters兄妹
bow and arrow弓和箭， bread and butter面包和黄油
crack and roar咆哮 cup and saucer杯子碟子
drunk and sober酒汉与清醒者 fair and square公正
far and away远离 far and near远近
fire and sword火与箭 first and foremost首先
first and last先后 fish and chips炸鱼和薯条
free and easy轻松自在 friend and foe朋友和敌人
forward and backward 前后 fun and pleasure娱乐
wife and children妻子和儿童 good or ill好歹(善恶)
great and small大小 hale and hearty健壮
ham and egg火腿鸡蛋 hammer and sickle锤子与镰刀
hand an foot手脚 head and shoulder头与肩
heart and soul心灵 heaven and earth天地
heavy and light重轻 high and low高低
hill and dale山谷 home and abroad 国内外
horse and cart马车 house and home家居
hue and cry喊叫 husband and wife夫妻
hustle and bustle熙熙攘攘， ifs and buts假设和转折
in and out进出 whole and all全体
import and export进出口 internal and external内外
judge and jury法官与陪审团, king and queen国王与皇后
ladies and gentlemen女士与先生 knife and pork刀叉
kith and kin亲戚 land and sea陆海
law and order治安 lean and lanky瘦长
leaps and bounds跳跃 light and shade光阴
long and short长短 lord and lady贵族与小姐
male and female男女 man and beast人与兽
man and woman男女 meek and mild温和
sweet and sour糖醋 more or less或多或少
mother and child母子 null and void无效
odds and ends零碎 officers and soldiers官与兵
old and trial久经考验 Oxford and Cambridge牛津剑桥
out and away出走 past and present过去与现在
weight and measures重量与尺寸 pick and choose选择
pots and pans坛坛罐罐 puffing and blowing吐烟吹气气
profit and loss盈亏 pros and cons正反
rack and ruin损坏 right and wrong正误
rough and tumble杂乱 rules and regulations规章制度
true or false真假 safe and sound安全
short and sweet少而精 skin and bone皮包骨
slow and sure慢而准 sooner and later早晚
sports and games运动与游戏 stocks and shares股票
stuff and nonsense胡说八道 tea and coffee清茶和咖啡
then and there当时当地 thick and thin厚薄
this and that这那 thunder and light雷电
time and tide岁月 to and fro来回
town and country乡村 twists and turns曲折
up and down上下 ups and downs盛衰
vice and virtue罪恶与美德 ways and means方法
wear and tear磨损 wind and weather风与天
come and go 来去 poems and essays 诗文
2. 同汉语的位置不相同的短语
back and forth前后 bed and breakfast食宿
cap and gown(coat)衣帽 fire and water水火
flesh and blood骨肉 heat and cold冷热
heavy and light轻重 iron and steel钢铁
land and water水陆 love and money金钱与爱情
might and main主力 night and day白昼
north and south南北 off and on开关
old and grey苍老 old and new新旧
one and only唯一 pen and paper纸和笔
rain or shine阴晴 rich and poor,穷富
right and left左右 sword and shield剑与盾
twos and threes三三两两 you and I你我
young and old老少 pin and needle针毯
part and parcel重要部分 give and take合作与让步
mock and satire 讽刺嘲笑 rain and wind 风雨

1、倍数增加的译法
英语中说“增加了多少倍”，都是连基数也包括在内的，是表示增加后的结果；而在汉语里所谓“增加了多少倍”，则只表示纯粹增加的数量。所以英语里凡是表示倍数增加的句型，汉译时都可译成“是……的几倍”，或“比……增加(n-1)倍”。为了便于查阅，现将英语中表示倍数增加的一些表达法及其译法归纳如下：
例如：
a The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.(各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。)
b The output of color television receivers increased by a factor of 3 last year.(去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加了二倍。)
应当指出，有些书认为by后面的倍数是净增加的倍数，汉译时应译为"净增加多少倍的 "，而不该减一倍。本人认为这种译法未必妥当，因为"by n times"的意思是"用n数乘"。如15 increased by 5 times是15×5 = 75之意，75与15相比显然是增加了四倍，而不是五倍。
2、倍数比较的译法
(1)"n times + larger than + 被比较对象"，表示其大小“为……的n倍”，或"的 比……大n-1倍"。例如：This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one. (这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。) 这是因为英语在倍数比较的表达上，其传统习惯是larger than等于as large as，因此汉译时不能只从字面上理解，将其译为"比……大n倍"，而应将其译为"是……的n的 倍"，或"比……大n-1倍"。
(2)“n times + as + 原级 + as + 被比较对象”，表示“是……的n倍”。例如：Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum. (铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。)
3、倍数减少的译法
英语中一切表示倍数减少的句型，汉译时都要把它换成分数，而不能按照字面意义将其译成减少了多少倍。因为汉语是不用这种表达方式的，所以应当把它译成减少了几分之几，或减少到几分之几。我们所说的增减多少，指的都是差额，差额应当是以原来的数量为标准，而不能以减少后的数量作标准。英语表示倍数减少时第一种表达方式为：“…… + 减少意义的谓语 + by a factor o的 f n或by n times”。这种表达法的意思是“成n倍地减少”，即减少前的数量为减少后的数。
(1)The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period (by) ten times. (自动装配线能够缩短装配期十分之九。)
(2) This metal is three times as light as that one. (这种金属比那种金属轻三分之二)第二种表达方式为“n times + 减少意义的比较级”。
部分否定的汉译
在英语的否定结构中，由于习惯用法问题，其中部分否定句所表示的意思是不能按字的 面顺序译成汉语的，因此，翻译时要特别注意。 英语中含有全体意义的代词和副词如all every both always altogether entirely等统称为总括词。它们用于否定结构时不是表示全部否定，而只表示其中的一部分被否定。因此，汉译时不能译作“一切……都不”，而应译为“并非一切……都是的”，或“一切……不都是”。例如：
(1)All of the heat supplied to the engine is not converted into useful work的 .(并非供给热机的所有热量都被转变为有用的功。错译：所有供给热机的热量都没有被转变为有用的功。)
(2)Every one cannot do these tests.(并非人人都能做这些试验。错译：每个人都的 不能做这些试验。)
(3)Both instruments are not precise.(两台仪器并不都是精密的。错译：两台仪器都不是精密的。)
(4)This plant does not always make such machine tools.(这个工厂并不总是制造这样的机床。错译：这个工厂总是不制造这样的机床。) 但是当（这些总括词 + 肯定式谓语 + 含否定意义的单词……）时，则是表示全部否。例如：
(1)All germs are invisible to the naked eye. (一切细菌都是肉眼看不见的。)
(2) Every design made by her is impossible of execution. (她所做的一切设计都是不能执行的。)
(3) Both data are incomplete.(两个数据都不完整。)
(4)In practice, error sometimes always seems unavoidable.(在实践中，差错有时似乎总是不可避免的。)
定语从句的汉译
1、只要是比较短的，或者虽然较长，但汉译后放在被修饰语之前仍然很通顺，一般的就放在被修饰语之前，这种译法叫做逆序合译法。例如：
(1)The speed of wave is the distance it advances per unit time. (波速是波在单位时间内前进的距离)。
(2)The light wave that has bounced off the reflecting surface is called the reflected ray(从反射表面跳回的光波称为反射线。)
(3)stainless steel, hick is very popular for its resistance to rusting, contains large percentage of chromium.(具有突出防锈性能的不锈钢含铬的百分比很高。)
2、定语从句较长，或者虽然不长，但汉译时放在被修饰语之前实在不通顺的就后置，作为词组或分句。这种译法叫做顺序分译法。例如：
(1)Each kind of atom seems to have a definite number of"hands"that it can use to hold on to others.
每一种原子似乎都有一定数目的“手”，用来抓牢其它原子。(顺序分译法)每一种原子似乎都有一定数目用于抓牢其它原子的手。(逆序合译法)这句限制性定语从句虽然不长，但用顺序分译法译出的译文要比用逆序合译法更为通顺。
(2)Let AB in the figure above represent an inclined plane the surface of which is smooth and unbending.
设上图中AB代表一个倾斜平面，其表面光滑不弯。(顺序分译法)
设上图中AB代表一个其表面为光滑不弯的倾斜平面。(逆序合译法)上面两种译法，看来也是用顺序分译法比用逆序合译法更为通顺 简明。
3、定语从句较长，与主句关联又不紧密，汉译时就作为独立句放在主句之后。这种译法仍然是顺序分译法。例如：
(1)Such a slow compression carries the gas through a series of states. each of which is very nearly an equilibrium state and it is called a quasi-static or a" nearly static" process.
这样的缓慢压缩能使这种气体经历一系列的状态，但各状态都很接近于平衡状态，所以叫做准静态过程，或"近似稳定"过程。
(2)Friction wears away metal in the moving parts, which shortens their working life.
运动部件间的摩擦力使金属磨损，这就缩短了运动部件的使用寿命。
4、There + be句型中的限制性定语从句汉译时往往可以把主句中的主语和定语从句溶合一起，译成一个独立的句子。这种译法叫做溶合法，也叫拆译法。例如：
(1)There are bacteria that help plants grow, others that get rid of dead animals and plants by making them decay, and some that live in soil and make it better for growing crops.
有些细菌能帮助植物生长，另一些细菌则通过腐蚀来消除死去的动物和植物，还有一些细菌则生活在土壤里，使土壤变得对种植庄稼更有好处。
(2)There is a one-seated which you could learn to drive in fifty minutes.
有一种单座式汽车，五十分钟就能让你学会驾驶。
1．她是个天生爱哭的人。
She’s a natural crier.
2．李明是个败家子。
Liming is the black sheep of his family.
3．他真是个不知羞耻的家伙。
He’s really a law-down dirty shame.
4．他可是个乐天派，整天无忧无虑的。
He’s good-time Charlie, feeling no worries and anxieties.
5．论开车技术，小李和小王那真是不分上下。
In the skills of driving, Xiao li and Xiao Wang are neck and neck.
6．他已绞尽了脑汁。
He had racked his brain.
7．他可是个有头脑的人。
He’s a brain.
8．李明很能干。
Li Ming has a lot on the ball.
9．你刚才提到的那个作家只不过是个有名无实的人。
The man you’ve just mentioned is but a poor apology for a writer.
10．他真的太没骨气了。
He really has no guts.
11．昙花一现
a flash in the pan
12．他对保险业务一窍不通。
He doesn’t know beans about insurance business at all.
13．她很勇敢，但终因寡不敌众，被那帮人打晕过去。
The girl was brave enough, but as being outnumbered, she was finally knocked into the middle of next week by the gang.
14．他喜欢单枪匹马地去干。
He always likes to play a lone hand.
15．他一开始就出师不利。
He got off on the wrong foot when he started doing it.
16．你还嫩点儿。
You’re still wet behind the ears.
17．她的饭量特别小。
She eats like a bird.
18．那个孩子的嘴特别硬。
That boy never says uncle.
19．我们队占上风。
Our team gained the upper hand.
20．你中圈套了。
You rose to the bait.
21．你骗不了我。
I’m from missouri.
22．见机行事
play to the score.
23．肯定有人唆使他去干那件事。
There must be someone who had put him up to that. (正式：唆使＝instigate)
24．他不是不愿意帮助你，而是他心有余而力不足。
it's not that he doesn't like to help, but that the spirit is willing , but the flesh is week。
25．事到如今，我们也只好听其自然了。
With things as such, we'll have to let things slide.
26．这几天不知是什么事把我搞得心烦意乱的。
I don't know what has set my nerves on edge these days.
27．让过去的事过去吧，我们还是好朋友。
Lit bygones be bygones. We are still friends.
28．昨天晚上好险哪。 老板同一个女职员在办公室动手动脚的，差一点儿让他的妻子给撞上。
The boss had narrow squeak last night in his office，his spooning with a girl clerk was almost found out by his wife.
29．这场旱灾是百年不遇的。
This draught occurs once in a blue moon.
30．算了吧。
Is call it quits.
31．她的嘴很紧。
She’s tight-mouthed.
32．别跟我瞎吹了，我又不是不了解你底细。
No big talk with me. I have your number.
33．玲玲是她爷爷的掌上明珠。
Ling ling is the apple of her grandpa's eye.
34．杰克体形匀称，个头儿适中，一双大眼睛炯炯有神 ，成了许多女孩子追求的目标。
Jack, with a body well-proportioned, about the middling, a pair of intense big eyes, has become the target of many pretty girls.
35．从人口数量方面讲，印度仅次于中国。
Talking about the size of population, India is next only to china.
36．我可不愿意白吃白喝别人。
I wouldn't freeload.
37．对牛弹琴
Casting pearls before swine.
38．我不知道。那只是我瞎猜的。
I didn't know. I was only a shot in the dark.
39．他们开车到外面兜风去了。
They drove the car and went out for a spin.
40．你为什么总拿别人开心？
Why should you always like to rib others?