神马文学网初中英语语法(2)主动和被动
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动词II
典型应用剖析
一、动词的被动语态
1．主动语态和被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。
例如：
We swept the floor.
我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）
The floor was swept.
地板被打扫过。（被动语态）
2．被动语态的构成
1）被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。
助动词be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。被动语态的肯定式的结构是：主语+be+过去分词（vt.）+（by+宾语）。
例如：
Apple trees aren't planted in the south.
苹果树不种在南方。
The building hasn't been completed.
这座建筑物没有竣工。
3）被动语态的一般疑问句
被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）？其答语用yes或no作简单回答。
例如：
Are they made in China? Yes, they are.
它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。
Was the museum built in 1993?
这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？
No, it was built in 1986.
不，它是在1986年建成的。
4）被动语态的特殊疑问句
被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt），其答语要作具体回答。
例如：
What is the machine used for?
这台机器用来作什么？
It is used for making paper.
它是用来造纸的。
Where were the car made?
这些小汽车是哪里制造的？
They were made in China.
它们是中国制造的。
5）被动语态的八种时态形式
被动语态的八种时态（以动词ask为例）：
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
将来时态
I am asked
He
She is asked
It
We
You are asked
They
I am being asked
He
She
It
We
You
They
I have been asked
He
She
It
We
You
They
I
We
He
She
It
You
They
I was asked
He
She was asked
It
We
You were asked
They
I was being asked
He
She
It
We
You
They
I had been asked
He
She
It
We
You
They
I
We
He
She
It
You
They
注意：
被动语态没有完成进行时态和将来进行时态。
初中阶段主要应掌握的被动语态的时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时和现在完成时。
3．什么时候使用被动语态
1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。
例如：
The meeting was held last week.
会议上周召开了。
English is taught in all middle schools.
所有中学都开设英语课。
2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。
例如：
Teapots are used for drinking.
茶壶是饮水用的。
Where's cotton produced?
棉花产于何地？
The bike was stolen yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午自行车被偷了。
4．主动语态变为被动语态的方法
1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。
2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。
3）将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。
例如：
People use radios for listening to the news.（主动）
→Radios are use for listening to the news by people.（被动）
I posted a letter last week.（主动）
→A letter was posted by me last week.（被动）
注意：
在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。
例如：We heard her sing an English song.（主动）
→She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动）
5．主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型
1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。
例如：The workers are building a ship.（主动语态）
→The ship is being built by the workers.（被动语态）
I have finished the exercises.（主动语态）
→The exercises have been finished by me.（被动语态）
2）谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。
例如：
I sent him a present. （主动语态）
→He was sent a present by me.（被动语态）
A present was sent to him by me.（被动语态）
注意：
a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask, answer, teach等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语。
例如：
He asked us a lot of questions.（主动语态）
→We were asked a lot of questions by him.
b)在主动句中有些动词，如build, buy, choose等变成被动句时，将直接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语。
例如：
My father bought me a new bike.（主动语态）
→The new bike was bought for me by my father.（被动语态）
3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。
例如：
宾语 宾补
He left the door open.（主动语态）
他让门开着。
→The door was left open by him.（被动语态）
门由他打开着。
4）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
例如：
We must take good care of our books.（主动语态）
→Our books must be taken good care of.（被动语态）
我们应该保管好我们的书本。
我们的书本应保管好。（被动）
5）谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.）
例如：
We must finish it at once. （主动语态）
我们必须马上做完这件事。
→It must be finished at once（被动语态）
这件事必须马上做完。
6）带有be going to结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。结构为：sth be going to be done。
例如：
I am going to close the door.（主动语态）
我将去关门。
→The door is going to be closed.（被动语态）
门将要关上。
6．被动语态中应注意的几个问题
1）在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：
a．have（有）以及和have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态
b．不及物动词没有动作的承受者，不能用被动语态。
c．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语。
d．主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不能变成被动句的主语。
3）注意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情况。
例如：
This kind of cloth washes very well.
这种布很禁洗。
The machine made in China sell well abroad.
中国制造的机器在国外畅销。
二、动词不定式
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常前面带有小品词to，动词不定式的基本形式由“to +动词原形”构成，有时也可以省略to。
不定式可以有自己的宾语或状语。带有宾语或状语的不定式叫不定式短语。
1．不定式在句子中的作用
1）作主语
例如：
To learn a a foreign language well is not easy.
学好一门外语不容易。
如果不定式（短语）过长，可用形式主语it，而将真正的主语不定式（短语）放在句末。
例如：
It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
2）作宾语
They all wanted to see you yesterday.
他们昨天都要来看你。
3）作表语
To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.
吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。
4）作宾语补足语
He wants you to call him back at eleven.
他要你在十一点给他回电话。
I helped him (to) find his things.
我帮他找到他的东西。（help后跟不定式作宾补，可省略to，也可以保留to）
注意：
在某些复合宾语中，由于谓语动词的要求，我们往往先用it代表示定式，作为形式宾语，而把真实宾语——不定式放在句子的后面。这类动词还有make, think等。
例如：
They found it important to get everything ready in time.
他们发现把一切事情及时准备好很重要。
5）作定语
作定语的不定式与经所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。
Do you have anything more to say?
你还有什么话要说吗？
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么值得发愁的。
6）作状语
The child is not old enough to go to school.
这个孩子还没到上学年龄。（结果状语）
They ran over to welcome us.
他们跑过来欢迎我们。（目的状语）
To hear the news, she cried.
听到这个消息后，她哭起来了。（原因状语）
7）有些动词，如want, like, wish, hope, try, ask, start, learn, agree, teach, decide, understand等，后面可以接连接代词或连接副词加不定式作宾语。
例如：
No one could tell me where to get the book.
没有人能告诉我哪里能找到这本书。
Show us what to do.
告诉我们应该做什么。
I don't know whether to answer his letter.
我不知道要不要给他回信。
3．不定式的时态和语态
不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式，主动式和被动式。见下表：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
1）不定式动作和谓语动作同时发生，这时不定式用进行式。
例如：
They are said to be building a house.
据说他们正在建房子。
2）不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，这时不定式用完成式。
例如：
I am goad to have seen your mother.
见到你的母亲我很高兴。
3）不定式有主动式和被动式。不定式的被动式可以用来：
a．作主语
It is happy for me to be asked to speak here.
被邀请在这里讲话我很高兴。
b．作宾语
She asked to do sent to work in the western part of the country.
她请求派她去西部地区工作。
c．作宾语补足语
He wanted the letter to be written at once.
他让马上把信写好。
d．作状语
She was too young to be given so much money.
她太小，不能把许多钱给她。
e．作定语
There are a lot of trees to be planted.
有很多树要种。
4．不定式的复合结构
不定式的复合结构由“for/of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”构成。其中名词（或代词宾格）表示不定式动作的执行者，是不定式的逻辑主语。
不定式的复合结构在句子中可以作用主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
例如：
It's very kind of you to help us.
非常感谢你帮助我们。（主语）
This is for you to decide.
这得由你来决定。（表语）
I think it necessary for us to study English hard.
我认为我们努力学英语是必要的。（宾语）
There are a lot of difficulties for them to overcome.
有许多困难要他们克服。（定语）
The text is too long for us to learn by heart.
课文太长，我们记不住。（状语）
三、随堂监测A组
单项选择：
1. The no. 12 bus __________ to the Town Hall and not to the station.
A. has come B. has been going C. goes D. is going
2. Don't use that pen. It __________ smoothly .
A. didn't write B. don't write C. doesn't write D. isn't write
3. If it __________, I won't go for a walk.
A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. rain
4. The child is playing while his mother __________ dinner.
A. cooked B. cooks C. was cooking D. is cooking
5. He __________ in a cotton factory these day.
A. is working B. works C. will be working D. has been working
6. Don't turn off the light I __________a report now.
A. have been reading B. read C. am reading D. have read
7. John __________ the first party in his life tomorrow night.
A. is given B. is giving C. has given D. has been giving
8. My uncle __________ to see me. He'll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
9. At this moment I __________ we have a good chance of victory.
A. feel B. am feeling C. felt D. am felt
10. My uncle never __________ a hat even in winter.
A. is wearing B. are being worn C. wore D. wears
11. By next December, I __________ fifty-five.
A. will have to be B. will have been C. will be being D. shall be
12. Look at these black clouds __________.
A. It'll rain B. It's going to rain C. It'll be raining D. It is to rain
13. Look out! That tree __________ fall down.
A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would
14. "Have you read the book I gave you?"
"No, but __________ going to read it soon."
A. I'd be B. I'll be C. I've been D. I'm
15. We __________ for Shanghai tonight.
A. are starting B. starts C. started D. have started
16. I think she __________ right now.
A. reading B. reads C. is reading D. read
17. Before long, he __________ all about the matter.
A. will have forgotten B. will forget C. forgets D. forgot
18. We don't go unless you __________ soon.
A. had come B. came C. has said D. has been saying
19. Do be quiet! I'm trying to hear what the man __________.
A. says B. is saying C. has said D. has been saying
20. Smith__________ his friends for money.
A. often ask B. is often asking C. often asks D. has been asked
21. Twelve inches __________ one foot.
A. make B. makes C. is making D. will make
22. While Connie __________ a baseball match, her sister is typewriting a letter in her office.
A. Has watched B. watches C. is watching D. has been watching
23. James Watt __________ the steam engine
A. was inventing B. invented C. had invented D. has invented
24. "The possibility of the flood was just reported over the radio."
"I know. I heard abut it. The river __________ the top of its bank."
A. got B. get C. gets D. has got
25. "Where's your uncle's home?" __________ in Boston in the past years.
A. He's lived B. He's living C. He lives D. He lived
26. I __________ him a lot during the past two weeks.
A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. am seeing
27. They can't leave until they __________ their work.
A. did B. are doing C. have done D. had done
28. Will you please lend me the book when you __________ it?
A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. finishing
29. Is that the first time you __________ Beijing?
A. have visited B. would visited C. visited D. have been visiting
30. She has worked in this factory __________.
A. after 1968 B. in 1968 C. since 1968 D. for 1968
31. __________ three years since i left school. Now I miss my classmate very much.
A. It was B. It have been C. It is D. It had been
32. My parents have lived here __________.
A. since 1952 B. for many years ago C. many yeas ago D. since 1952 ago
33. My parents have lived here __________.
A. It have been B. It is C. It was D. That is
34. So far, she __________ her holiday very much.
A. hasn't enjoyed B. didn't enjoy C. doesn't enjoy D. was not enjoy
35. "Your arm is bleeding ！" "Yes, I __________ it with a knife."
A. hurt B. was hurting C. have just hurt D. had hurt
36. His grandfather __________ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
37. My brother __________ the Youth League for two years.
A. has been in B. has entered C. has taken part D. has joined
38. They will be as tall as you soon, it they __________.
A. would help growing like that B. keep to grow like it
C. keep growing like that D. will keep growing like that
39. We used to go skiing in the Michigan every winter, but __________ for the past five seasons.
A. I don't go B. I haven't gone C. I'm not going D. I didn't go
40. "Have you read the book I gave you?"
"No, But __________ going to read it soon."
A. I'd be B. I'll be C. I've been D. I'm
41. I will come when I __________ free.
A. will be B. shall be C. was D. am
42. When I arrived in Birmingham the sun __________.
A. has been shining B. shone C. has shone D. was shining
43. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he __________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. has been coming D. comes
44. "I heard you talking to somebody just now." "Oh, I __________ to myself."
A. have only talked B. only talk
C. was only talking D. have only been talking
45. The teacher __________ it was important to know English grammar.
A. had always been saying B. was always saying
C. had always had said D. was always said
46. As he __________ I couldn't ask him anything.
A. will already left B. have already left
C. had already left D. already leaves
47. By the end of last term, We __________ 2, 500 words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. has been learned D. learned
48. When we got to the airport, we found that the plane __________.
A. had already taken off B. already took off
C. was already taken off D. was already taking off
49. As soon as John's mother __________ out, he stole some food.
A. goes B. had gone C. was going D. were going
50. The singer had lived in California before he __________ university.
A. had been sent B. had been sending C. was sending D. was sent
51. The singer had lived in California before he __________ university.
A. would return B. had return C. will return D. should return
52. It was December 20. In five days it would be Christmas Day. The Lord Mayor , together with overseas students, __________ to celebrate it .
A. was going B. will go C. is going D. went
53. When I reached the station, the train __________ already __________.
A. had ... left B. were ... leaving C. was ... left D. had ....been left
54. While I __________ my breakfast the morning post came.
A. had had B. had been having C. was having D. have had
55. By eleven o'clock yesterday, we __________ at the airport.
A. had arrived B. have arrived C. shall arrive D. arrive
56. I was hungry. I __________ nothing all day.
A. ate B. had eaten C. had been eating D. have eaten
57. "My father will be here tomorrow." —"Oh, I thought that he __________ today."
A. was coming B. is coming C. will come D. comes
58. I thought that honesty __________ the best policy.
A. was B. is C. were D. been
59. When I was at middle school, I knew that William Shakespeare ____________ in 1564.
A. was born B. had been born C. is born D. has born
60. He is so rich that be __________ to work.
A. hasn't been B. haven't C. doesn't have D. isn't being
四、随堂监测B组
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1. Li Ping often __________ (read) English in the morning.
2. __________ he __________ (clean) the windows once a week.
3. The workers __________ (have) sports on the playground now.
4. How long __________ you __________ (stay) there the day before yesterday.
5. Who __________ (listen) to the music?
6. When I __________ (be) a middle school student, I often __________ (sing).
7. His parents __________(go) to the Great Wall tomorrow morning.
8. __________ they __________ (study) Japanese next term?
9. What time __________ you __________ (do) your homework everyday.
10. Look! The students __________ (clean) the classroom.
11. What __________ your after __________ (do) yesterday? —He __________ (write) two letters.
12. There __________ (be) a football match on TV this evening.
13. My father __________ (leave) for Japan tomorrow morning.
14. Tom __________ (not listen) to the radio every morning.
15. __________ (be) there any hospitals here twenty years ago?
16. I __________ (come) to see you again before long.
17. __________ there __________ (be) an English evening next Saturday?
18. __________ your uncle __________ (have) a meeting last Friday?
19. What __________ the young Pioneers __________ (do) on the hill now?
20. They __________ (not go) fishing on Sunday.
21. How many classes __________ you __________ (have) every day.
22. It's seven in the evening, Tom's family __________ (watch) TV.
23. He __________ (join) the army in 1985. He __________ (be) still in the army how.
24. I __________ (visit) my friend next Sunday.
25. If it snows tomorrow, we __________ (play) with snow.
26. I __________ (make) a lot of mistakes in my test yesterday.
27. __________ it __________ (snow) outside now? —No, it __________.
28. Where __________ they __________ (live)? They __________ (live) in Shanghai.
29. If it __________ (rain) this morning, we won't go shopping.
30. Listen! Who _________（sing）in the next room?
31. The teacher _________（not teach）us a Chinese song，he ________（teach）us an English song two days ago.
32. If I am free this evening，I ________（help）you with your maths.
33. ________you ________（be）there tomorrow? No，I ________.
34. Where _________（be）your parents last year? They ________（be）in Xi'an.
35. Why _______ they _______（go）to the library after school yesterday? Because they _________（want）to borrow some books.
36. What _______ you _______（do）these days?
37. Don't make a noise. Grandma _________（sleep）.
38. Sometimes he _________（help）his mother with the housework.
39. Please write to us as soon as you _________（get）there.
40. We ________（show）the foreign friends around Beijing when they get here.
41. We'll wait till you _______（make）up your mind.
42. They ______ just _______（talk）about you.
43. Where _____he ______（be）? He _________（be）to the bank.
44. ______ you______（visit）the Science Museum? ---Yes，I________.
45. ______she ______（tell）you the good news? ---No，she _______.
46. How long _______ your mother _______（teach）English in this school? ---For ten years.
47. We _______ already _______（draw）five pictures.
48. My grandson ______________（be）ill for a week.
49. ________ the train _________（arrive）?---No，not yet.
50. Our physics teacher ____________________（not come）to work today，because he is ill.
51. My brother _________（make）so many American friends since he went there two years ago.
52. She _______（work）in a factory for three years before she went to college.
53. Mr. Brown _______________（live）in London for ten years by the end of last month.
54. How many English words _________ you _________（learn）by the end of last term?
55. ______ they _______（pick）all the apples before the farmer got there?
56. I didn't return the book to the library，because I _________（not finish）reading it.
57. The boy said that he ___________（not break）the window.
58. Jack said that he ___________ (not go) over his lessons yet.
59. John told me that he ___________ (fly) to Japan next Wednesday.
60. Did she say when she ___________ (be) back tomorrow?
61. The head master said he ___________ (meet) some foreigners at the station soon.
62. I wondered if our team ___________ (win) this evening.
63. He said he ___________ (not make) the same mistakes again.
63. He said he ___________ (not make) the same mistakes again.
64. We ___________ (have) a meeting at that time.
65. Tom ___________ (not have) breakfast yesterday morning.
66. Did he know he ___________ (have) an English lest the next day?
67. ___________ your father ___________ (go) to work by bike every day?
68. Mr Wang ___________ (teach) us maths since 1990
69. They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it ___________ (not rain) next Sunday.
70. When I got home my grandmother ___________（make）cakes
71. I ___________ (give) the note to him as soon as school is over.
72. The English song ___________ (teach) now over the radio.
73. English ___________ (speak) all over the world.
74. The Great Green Wall must ___________ (build) in the world.
75. Can the report ___________ （write）in English?
76. The mountain will ___________ (cover) with the trees in a few years.
77. The young trees must ___________ (tie) to the stick to keep it straight.
78. So far, many man-made satellites have ___________ (send) up into space.
79. English ___________ (speak) in Canada.
80. Tennis ___________ (invent) a hundred years ago.
81. It ___________ (snow) hard now. We'd better ___________ (not go) home right now.
82. These exercises must ___________ (do) by yourself.
83. Our teacher told us time ___________ (be) life.
84. We ___________ (not see) each other since he ___________ (leave) here.
85. ___________you ever ___________（ride） a horse before?
86. Miss Green ___________（be） in China for 6 years.
87. We ___________ never ___________ (be) to Hawaii.
88. You'd better try to give up ___________ (smoke). It's too bad to your health.
89. Who is doing well in ___________ (describe) things?
90. Have you finished ___________ (read) the book?
91. Have you saw someone ___________ (ski) before?
92. Can a shark stop ___________ (swim)? —No, It can't
93. You'd better try ___________ (do) it by yourself.
94. The students kept ___________（talk）about the football match.
95. I had a computer lessons first. Then I went on ___________ (have) tennis lessons.
96. He hopes ___________ (see) the famous football player as soon as possible.
97. The boy kept ___________ (ask) strange questions to his teacher, it made the teacher unhappy.
98. Edison enjoyed ___________ (try) his new ideas.
99. He asked me ___________ (speak) loudly.
100. Students must study hard ___________ (make) our country strong.
101. The policeman made him ___________ (stand) in the rain for half an hour.
102. Would you like something nice ___________ (eat)
103. I can't decide which sweater ___________ (choose)
104. He hasn't decided whether choose (tell) the truth.
105. He told me where ___________ (buy) a computer.
106. Will you please ___________ (not talk) in the reading room.
107. I have a lot of work ___________ (do).
108. Why not ___________ (come) a little earlier?
109. I'm sorry ___________ (hear) that.
110. When did you finish ___________ (pack) ?
111. ___________ (talk) with her is a great pleasure.
112. English is not so easy ___________ (learn) well.
113. When makes him ___________ (think) I am a scientist.
114. I forgot ___________ (bring) my textbook with me.
115. Last night I heard Mike ___________ (cry) in the room.
116. My idea is ___________ (have) a meeting at once.
117. At night, the robot watched him ___________ (sleep). It knew everything about Mr. Mott.
118. In the country, he can hear birds ___________ (sing) and sheep ___________ (bleat)
119. My job is ___________ (feed) the animals.
120. In about 600 years, we will hardly have enough space ___________ (stand) in on the earth.
121. Forest help to keep water from ___________ (run) away.
122. He printer is used for ___________ (print) documents.
123. He is busy ___________ (write) his composition.
124. The film is worth ___________ (see).
125. They prefer to ___________(stay) at home rather than ___________ (play) basketball.
126. Your opinion is worth ___________ (consider).
127. Ed starts ___________ (carry) the bag, but trips over his shoes.
128. We are going to have lots of fun ___________ (hike) and ___________ (eat) a new kind fruit.
129. Are you good at ___________ (read) maps?
130. Mary heard her father ___________ (say) he would set off the next week.
131. Do you enjoy ___________ (live) here?
132. My father likes ___________ (read) newspaper in the evening.
133. There is nothing ___________ (worry) about.
134. A computer tells the robot what ___________ (do).
135. He always tells us how ___________ (learn) English well.
136. It took me about an hour ___________ (go) to work by bus.
137. The box is too heavy ___________ (carry).
138. Cody is a good dog. He likes ___________ (follow) people.
139. They want ___________ (take) some fruit with them.
140. My father often tells me ___________ (not swim) in the river because it's over 4 metres deep.
141. Ann had no time ___________ (open) these presents.
142. Let the boy ___________ (do) it by himself.
143. When I saw him, he was busy ___________ (read) a new
从属连词 状语从句
重点知识归纳及讲解
（一）从属连词
从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。
1．引导状语从句的从属连词有：
1）when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引导时间状语从句。
2）because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。
3）if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。
4）though, although引导让步状语从句。
5）so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。
6）so that引导目的状语从句。
7）as?as?；than等引导比较状语从句。
2．常用从属连词的辨析
1）when, as, while
when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。
用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：As I looked, someone came near.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。）
while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。）
2）till和until
till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。
例如：
She won't go away till you promise to help her.
直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。
Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened.
直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。
3）since
since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。
例如：
Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school.
从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。
（二）状语从句
修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。
例如：
He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.（修饰动词go）
昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。
We must study so well as our teacher hoped.（修饰副词well）
我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。
Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）
露茜比吉姆年轻。
状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。
状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。
1）时间状语从句
时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等连词引导。
例如：
I went to bed after the TV play was ever.
电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。
Could you look after her while we're away?
我们不在时你能照顾她吗？
She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.
自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。
Wait until I come back.
请你等到我回来。
注意：
如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。
例如：
I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就将写信给你。
It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。
2）原因状语从句
原因状语从句由because, as, since等连词引导。
例如：
He sold the car because it was too small.
他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。
Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。
As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.
由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。
注意：
a）because, as, since, for的用法辨析
because, as, since, for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。
例如：
Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.
他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。
as, since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。
例如：
As it is raining, let's stay as home.
因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。
for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。
例如：
I'll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.
我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。
b）because of也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。
例如：
I stayed at home because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好我留在家里。
3）比较状语从句
比较状语从句由than或as来引导。
例如：
I feel better now than (I was) before.
我现在觉得比以前好了。
He writes as well as you (do).
他写得和你一样好。
This problem is more difficult than that one (is).
这道题比那道题难。
4）条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless（= if not）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。
例如：
I shall go if he asks me.
如果他请我，我就去。
I shan't go unless he asks me.
除非他请我，否则我是不去的。
I shall go, whether he asks me or not.
不管他请不请我，我都要去。
Come with me if you have time.
如果你有时间请跟我来。
I want to watch a basketball match if I'm well tonight.
如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。
由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。
例如：
Run faster and you'll catch up with him.
跑快点儿你就会赶上他。
=If you run faster, you'll catch up with him.
如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。
5）结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so that, so… that引导。
例如：
He has lost his bike so that he can't come to school on time.（结果状语）
他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。
Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.（结果状语）
你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。
注意：
由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too…to（太…而不能）来替换。
例如：
She was so angry that she could not say a word.
=She was too angry to say a word.
她气得说不出话来。
6）让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、even though（即使）引导。
例如：
Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。
He went on working though it was very late.
虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。
注意：
1．汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。
例如：
“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。
Though I like looking after my sister's baby, she doesn't let me do it.
I like looking after my sister's baby, but she doesn't let me do it.
=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。
例如：
Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.
虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。
三、随堂监测A组
I. 用when, before, after, until, as soon as, if, as, because, though, than, since, so…that填空:
1. I haven’t heard from him _______ he left home.
2. He was _______ tired _______ he couldn’t go on working.
3. I was cooking ______ she knocked at the door.
4. He didn’t go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
5. The soldiers set off to the front ______ they received the officer’s order.
6. She went to bed _______ the TV play was over.
7. I won’t believe it _______ I hear with my own ears.
8. We should strike _______ the iron is hot.
9. Take the medicine _______ you go to bed.
10. They couldn’t send their children to school _______ life was very hard in those days.
11. _______ this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
12. We’re leaving for Shenzhen _______ it is fine today.
13. I knew nothing about it _______ he told me.
14. The singer was _______ pleased _______ he couldn’t say a word.
15. Please work harder _______ all of you can pass the final exam.
16. Army and people are as inseparable (不可分的) _______ fish and water.
17. The harvest of this year is much better ______ that of last year.
18. _______ the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to understand.
II. 用适当的连词完成改写后的句子,使其与第一个句子意思相同或相近:
1. We can’t finish the work in time without your help.
We can’t finish the work in time _______ you don’t help me.
2. Now shop blowing, and the glass will be clear again.
_______ you now stop blowing, the glass will be clear again.
3. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for the film.
Let’s hurry, ______ we’ll be late for the film.
4. The girl is too young to go to school.
The girl is ______ young ______ she can’t go to school.
5. Jenny got up even earlier the next morning in order to get to school on time.
Jenny got up even earlier the next morning _______ she could get to school on time.
6. Jack hasn’t seen the new film. I haven’t seen it, either.
______ Jack ______ I have seen the new film.
7. Wei Hua is a League member. Han Meimei is a League member, too.
______ Wei Hua ______ Han Meimei are League members.
8. The little boy speaks English very well. He speaks Russian very well, too.
The little boy speaks ______ English ______ Russian very well.
9. Xiao Ming was born in 1988. Wang Lin was born in 1988, too.
Xiao Ming is just as old ______ Wang Lin.
10. Miss Gao is very kind. All the students like her.
Miss Gao is ______ kind ______ all the students like her.
四、随堂监测B组
III. 单项选择:
1. We were getting ready to go out ______ it began to rain.
A. where B. when C. since D. if
2. We love spring ______ there’re beautiful flowers everywhere.
A. but B. if C. though D. because
3. The work was _______ difficult _______ it took us quite a long time to do it.
A. such, that B. so, that C. too, that D. too, to
4. I’ll tell him to give you a call ______ he comes back.
A. because B. since C. as soon as D. but
5. --- Why did Li Lei use a pencil? --- _______ his pen was broken.
A. Because B. When C. Until D. If
6. I think Chinese is more popular ______ any other subject.
A. than B. for C. as D. then
7. What do I have to do ______ I want to be thinner?
A. if B. because C. since D. for
8. I won’t turn off the light ______ you’ve finished reading.
A. when B. after C. as soon as D. until
9. I’ll study English and other objects _______ I can.
A. so hard as B. as hard as C. so hardly as D. as hardly as
10. Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground.
A. they B. so they C. but they D. and they
11. You should finish your exercises ______ you go to bed.
A. after B. before C. because D. if
12. --- Are we going to West Hill Farm by bike?
--- No. By bus, _______ it is quite far from here.
A. if B. when C. though D. because
13. Mr. Read has taught in that small town ______ he left Canada in 1988.
A. when B. after C. for D. since
14. I’m ______ busy getting ready for Christmas _______ I have no time to write to you.
A. not, until B. too, to C. so, that D. neither, nor
15. You’ll do better in English ______ you work harder.
A. or B. than C. if D. before
16. Tom didn’t go to school yesterday ______ he was ill.
A. but B. until C. if D. because
17. Li Hua ______ in the factory since she left school ten years ago.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
18. --- I’m going to Hangzhou for a holiday this weekend.
--- ________ you are there, can you buy me some green tea?
A. Because B. If C. While D. After
19. What shall we do ______ it rains tomorrow?
A. so B. if C. but D. because
20. If you ______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _______ to work on the farm with us.
A. see, goes B. will see, goes C. will see, will go D. see, will go
21. The room is ______ dirty ______ we don’t want to stay here.
A. so, that B. such, that C. either, or D. as, as
22.
23. They will have a sports meeting if it ______ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain B. will rain C. doesn’t rain D. rains
24. My parents will go out for an outing with me if they ______ free next Sunday.
A. will be B. are C. have D. will have
25. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
26. Could you ring me up as soon as he ______?
A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive
27.
28. Kate ______ to bed until her father returned yesterday evening.
A. won’t go B. doesn’t go C. went D. didn’t go
29. If the child _______, please telephone the police.
A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found
30. If you ______ here tomorrow, I’ll be delighted.
A. comes B. will come C. came D. come
宾语从句
重点知识归纳及讲解
<一>概述
1．在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。
例如：
He said that he knew you.
他说他认识你。
He asked me why I had come here.
他问我为什么来这里。
I asked him what he wanted.
我问他要什么。
Could you tell me if/whether they are all League members?
你是否能告诉我他们都是团员吗？
I’m interested in what he has said.
我对他说的话很感兴趣。
2．宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。
例如：
He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor.
他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。
I’ll tell you what I am doing (did/shall do).
或将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。
如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。在这种复合句中，宾语从句的时态可以有：
1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。
例如：
I thought he was old.
我认为他老了。
He wanted to know who she was waiting for.
他想知道她在等谁。
2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。
例如：
He said that he finished reading the book.
他说他看完了这本书。
3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。
例如：
She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.
她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。
I wasn’t sure if it would rain.
我没有把握是否会下雨。
4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。
例如：
The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.
老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。
<二>初中阶段学习的宾语从句
在带宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句前面一般要有连词（有的可省略）引导。由that引出的宾语从句相当于陈述句；由whether/if引出的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句；由连接代词或连接副词引出的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。但应该注意的是它们的语序都是陈述句语序。主句是陈述句时，句末不用问号。
1．由从属述连词that 引导的宾语从句。在口语和新正式文体中常省略that。
例如：
He said(that) he would be back.
他说他将回来。
We knew (that) he had made a mistake.
我们知道他犯了一个错误。
在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
I am sure that I have posted the letter.
我的确把那封信寄了。
I am afraid that you are right.
恐怕你是对的。
2．由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，
例如：
Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test?
你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？
Do you know whose child he is?
你知道他是谁的孩子吗？
I can’t find out why the machine doesn’t work well.
我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。
Do you remember what the teacher said at the class meeting yesterday.
你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗？
Could you tell me how long it will take me to get to the hospital from here?
你能告诉我从这里到医院需要多长时间吗？
I want to know which medicine he has taken.
我要知道他服了哪种药。
Please tell me who called me just now.
请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。
I don’t know whom they are speaking to.
我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。
He asked me where they were born.
他问我他们出生在哪里。
Do you remember how much you paid for the coat?
你记得你买这件外衣付了多少钱吗？
3．由从属连词whether 或if引导的宾语从句，在口语中常用if。
例如：
I don’t know whether/ if this bike is hers.
我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。
Can you tell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990?
你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？
<三>宾语从句应掌握的要点
1．在三种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。
2．在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。
1）当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。
2）当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。
3）从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。
4）在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think you are right.
我认为你不对。
I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.
我相信她不会参加英语晚会。
三、随堂监测A组
I. 选择填空:
1. Did you hear ______?
A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say
2. Can you tell me ________?
A. which class you are in B. which class are you in
C. you are in which class D. are you in which class
3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.
A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station
4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?
A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went
5. Tom asked me ________.
A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was
C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was
6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?
A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station
C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is
7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.
A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live
8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.
A. where does he live B. where he lives
C. where is he living D. he lives there
9. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.
A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said
10. Have you decided ______ for London?
A. when will you leave B. when you will leave
C. when are you going D. when you are going
11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?
A. where do we show B. where shall we show
C. where did we show D. where we shall show
12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.
A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry
13. Do you know _______?
A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it
14. Do you know _______?
A. whose book is this B. whose book this is
C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is
15. I don’t know ______ now.
A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat
16. Does he know ______?
A. what’s your name B. what name is your
C. what your is name D. what your name is
17. Do you know ______?
A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on
C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on
18. Can you tell me where _______?
A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is
19. He hasn’t decided _______.
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi
C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi
20. Can you see ________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
C. what does he read D. he reads what
四、随堂监测B组
中考题集：
1. --- When are the Shutes leaving for New York?
---Pardon?
--- I asked _______.
A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York
C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York
2. Could you tell me ______? I have something interesting to tell him.
A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is
C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to
3. --- Could you tell me _______?
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
4. I want to know _______.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
5. He asked me ________.
A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have
C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me
6. Do you still remember ______ at the meeting?
A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said
7. --- Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please?
--- Go straight and take the second turning on the left.
A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
8. Mike, go and see who ______ football on the playground.
A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing
9. The woman still doesn’t know what ______ in her hometown while she was away.
A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened
10. --- Can I help you? --- Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it
11. --- I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. --- Really? Do you know ______?
A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach
C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach
12. He asked his teacher _______.
A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. how would the scientists find out the result D. where could he find the library
13. Do you know ______ over there?
A. what happens B. what was happened
C. what is happening D. what did happen
14. --- Do you know ______ we will arrive at your hometown? --- This afternoon.
A. when B. why C. if D. where
15. Could you tell me ______ to Mount Putuo tomorrow?
A. how you will go B. how will you go
C. how you have gone D. how have you gone
16. Could you tell me ______?
A. which room he lives B. which room he lived
C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in
17. --- Do you know ______ he is? --- He says “1.75 metres”, but I’m not sure.
A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall
18. She said she _______ me five letters in one month.
A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote
19. Can you tell me ______ she is waiting for?
A. why B. whose C. whom D. which
20. I don’t know ______ he still lives here.
A. where B. what C. when D. whether
21. --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said, David? --- Yes, mum.
A. what B. that C. why D. if
22. I’d like to know ______.
A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher education
C. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our English evening
23. Could you tell me _______?
A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for
C. where the bus station is D. why were you late
24. --- Do you know _______? I’m going to see him. --- Sorry, I don’t know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
25. He asked me ______.
A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held
26. She wanted to know _____ her mother liked the present.
A. which B. that C. if D. what
27. Could you tell me _______?
A. who is she B. where’s the nearest fast restaurant
C. if he will come tomorrow D. which way is to the underground station
28. Do you know if ______ back next week? If he ______ back, please let me know.
A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes
C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
29. --- Can you tell me why ______? --- Because I want to help the people there.
A. do you go to Tibet B. did you go to Tibet
C. are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet
30. --- Where does he come from? --- Pardon? --- I asked where ______.
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
31. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
32. Lily likes _____.
A. what her twin sister like B. what her twin sister does
C. what is her twin sister like D. what does her twin sister do
33. --- Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the plane?
--- Certainly. Go straight along here.
A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can
34. Do you know what time _______?
A. does the train leave B. leaves the train
C. the train leave D. the train leaves
35. --- I don’t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us?
--- He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
语法练习答案
名词
A组
I. 1. houses 2. villages 3. maps 4. oranges 5. bags 6. exercises 7. brushes
8. families 9. buses 10. cities 11. boxes 12. babies 13. classes 14. factories
15. glasses 16. dictionaries 17. watches 18. women 19. matches 20. men 21. wishes
22. Germans 23. tomatoes 24. policemen 25. kilos 26. humans 27. potatoes
28. Chinese 29. shelves 30. Japanese 31. leaves 32. Americans 33. lives
34. teeth 35. wives 36. feet 37. knives 38. sheep 39. halves 40. children
II. 1. a group of children 2. two boxes of apples 3. three baskets of vegetables
4. nine pieces of bread 5. ten glasses of milk 6. five pieces of meat
7. many kinds of plants 8. a pair of glasses 9. two pieces of ice
10. three pieces of paper 11. four bottles of orange juice 12. five cups of tea
13. six bowls of rice 14. seven bags of rice 15. eight pieces of wood
16. nine pieces of medal
III. 1. worker 2. teacher 3. singer 4. illness 5. fighter 6. invention/inventor
7. waiter 8. wool 9. winner 10. thanks 11. foreigner 12. cloud
13. runner 14. dirt 15. visitor 16. fun 17. wood 18. medicine 19. operation
20. heat 21. invitation 22. worry 23. builder/building 24. pleasant 25. help
26. safety 27. death 28. danger 29. drawing 30. noise
B组
IV. 1—5 AABDB 6—10 CCADB 11—15 CCBAB 16—20 DBDDA
21—25 CBBCA 26—30 BCCBA 31—35 CADCD 36—40 DCBCD
V. 1—5 BACAA 6—10 ABADC 11—15 ACDBA
冠词
A组
I. 1. an, a 2. the, / 3. A, a 4. the, /, a 5. a 6. a 7. /, an
8. an, the 9. a, the, The 10. the, the, the, the 11. The, the 12. the, the, the
13. The , the 14. The 15. a, the 16. the 17. the, the 18. /, /, /
19. The, the 20. /, the
II. 1—5 ACAAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 BABBA 16—20 AABCB
B组
III. 1—5 DCDAC 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 CACAB 16—20 DCBBA
21—25 CBBBC 26—28 DCD
代词
A组
I.
1—5 CDCAC 6—10 DABDD 11—15 ACCAB 16—20 ABCAA
21—25 CCDDC 26—30 BAABC 31—35 BBBCA 36—40 ADDBC
B组
II.
1—5 BCDDB 6—10 DCADB 11—15 BDBBB 16—20 DBADA
21—25 BCCBA 26—30 BCCAD
数词
五、参考答案
I. 1. first 2. second 3. third 4. fifth 5. eighth 6. ninth
7. twelfth 8. twentieth 9. thirty-first 10. forty-fourth 11. fifty-seventh
II. 1. Lesson 12 / the Twelfth Lesson 2. Room 304 3. half an hour
4. three times a day 5. page 25 6. 1990s / the nineties of the twentieth century
7. the No.4 bus 8. The No.15 Middle School 9. the 21st century
10. two and a half kilos / two kilos and a half 11. a quarter to three 12. Book Two
13. in his fifties 14. Class Eight, Grade Two 15. ten forty-five 16. Unit 15
17. Lesson 13, Book 3 18. a third / one third 19. three hundred dollars
20. March 22nd, 1994
III. 1—5 CDADD 6—10 ADABC 11—15 BBACC
IV. 1—5 CCCCB 6—10 ABBBD 11—15 CBDCC 16—20 DBABA
动词（I）
五、参考答案
A组
I．1-5C D A A A 6-10D C D B B
11-15A D C C D 16-20 C D C B C
21-25 C C D D D 26-30 C B B C B
31-36C C A C B C
B组
II．1. visited 2. has made 3. is going 4. sleeps
5. in raining 6. does 7. is leaving 8. arrived
9. were talking 10. have learned 11. had, started 12. works
13. is blowing 14. haven't finished 158. must be sent
16. had planted 17. was playing 18. see 19. has gone
20. Do, get 21. had been on 22. travels 23. has, learned
24. moves 25. would give 26. will plant/are going to plant
27. don't shout 28. could work 29. wouldn't sing
30. leaves 31. are planting 32. didn't give
33. were playing 34. would clean 35. have
36. joined 37. comes 38. thinks 39. is visiting
40. will be 41. has been 42. had begun
43. will come 44. is 45. took 46. has gone
47. do 48. doesn't rain, will plant
49. had finished 50. are swimming 51. attacked 52. practices
动词II
五、参考答案
A组
1—5 C C A D A 6—10 C B B A D
11—15 D B A D A 16—20 C B D B C
21—25 B C B D A 26—30 B C B C C
31—35 C A B A C 36—40 C A C B D
41—45 D D B C B 46—50 C A A B D
51—55 A A A C A 56—60 B A B A C
B组
1. reads 2. Does, clean 3. are having 4. did, stay 5. is listening
6. was, sang 7. will go 8. Will, study 9. do, do 10. are cleaning
11. did, do, wrote 12. will be 13. is leaving 14. doesn't listen
15. Were 16. will come / is coming 17. Will, be 18. Did, have
19. are, doing 20. don't go 21. do, have 22. are watching 23. joined, is
24. will visit 25. will play 26. made 27. Is, snowing 28. do, live, live
29. rains 30. is singing 31. hasn't taught 32. will help 33. Will, be
34. were, were 35. did, go 36. are, doing 37. is sleeping
38. helps 39. get 40. will show 41. make 42. have talked
43. has, been 44. Have, visited, have 45. Has, told, hasn't
46. have, drawn 48. has been 49. Has, arrived 50. hasn't come
51. has made 52. had worked 53. had lived 54. had, learned 55. Had picked
56. hadn't finished 57. hadn't 58. hadn't gone 59. would fly
60. would be 61. would meet 62. would win 63. wouldn't make
64. were having 65. didn't have 66. would have 67. Does, go 68. has taught
69. doesn't rain 70. was making 71. will give 72. will give
73. is spoken 74. be built 75. be written 76. be covered
77. be tied 78. been sent 79. is spoken 80. was invented 81. is snowing, not go
82. be done 83. is 84. haven't seen, left 85. Have, ridden
86. has been 87. have, been 88. smoking 89. describing
90. reading 91. ski 92. swimming 93. to do 94. talking
95. to have 96. to see 97. asking 98. trying 99. to speak
100. to make 101. stand 102 to eat 103. to choose
104. to tell 105. to buy 106. not talk 107. to do
108. come 109. to hear 110. packing 111. Talking
112. to learn 113. think 114. to bring 115. cry
116. to have 117. sleep 118. singing 119. to feed
120. to stand 121. running 122. printing 123. writing
124. seeing 125. stay, play 126. considering 127. to carry
128. hiking, eating 129. reading 130. saying 131. living
132. reading 133. to worry 134. to do 135. to learn
136. to go 137. to carry 138. following 139. to take
140. not to swim 141. to open 142. do 143. reading
从属连词 状语从句
A组 I. 1. since 2. so, that 3. when 4. until 5. as soon as 6. after 7. until 8. while 9. before 10. because 11. Since 12. if 13. until 14. so, that 15. so, that 16. as 17. than 18. Though
II. 1. if 2. If 3. or 4. so, that 5. so that 6. Neither, nor 7. Both, and 8. both, and 9. as 10. so, that
B组 III. 1—5 ACCDA 6—10 BBBDB 11—15 BDDCC 16—20 DCCBD 21—25 ACCBC 26—30 CBDBD
宾语从句
I. 1—5 BADDB 6—10 DCBAB 11—15 DAABC 16—20 DBBAA
II. 1—5 DBADD 6—10 BDABC 11—15 CACAA 16—20 DDCCD
21—25 ADCCC 26—30 CCCDB 31—35 ABBDA