口译词汇之经济金融词汇

不景气 slump （衰退 recession）

二板市场 the second board market

中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market

首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)

市场资本总额 market capitalization

法人股 institutional shares

内部股（非上市招股） private company shares

牛市 bull market

法律风险 legal risk

风险管理 risk management

坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards

六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)

信用风险 credit risk

供给学派 supply-side economist

第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)

第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)

第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)

主要经济指标 major economic indicators

国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）

国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

宏观经济 macro economy

互助基金 mutual fund

扩大内需 expand domestic demand

改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs

鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption

长期国债 long-term treasury bonds

支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds

财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt

按原口径计算 calculate on the base line

按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price

按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price

列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget

结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account

开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business

出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods

保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade

分期付款 pay by installment

保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings

抵押贷款 collateralised loans

住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan

货币主义者 monetarist

计划经济 planned economy

指令性计划 mandatory plan

技术密集型 technology intensive

大规模生产 mass production

经济林 cash tree

跟踪审计 follow-up auditing

流动性风险 liquidity risk

操作风险 operational risk

内部审计 internal audit

抛售 bear sales

配套政策 supporting policies

中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）

四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks

中国银行 Bank of china

中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and

中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China

中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China

招商银行 China Merchants Bank

疲软股票 soft stock

配股 allotment of shares

实际增长率 growth rate in real terms

年均增长率 average growth rate per annum

投资回报率 rate of return on investment

外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value

实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place

消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)

零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）

生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost

生活费用 income available for living expenses

扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis

居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient

基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）

片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy

通货膨胀 inflation

实体经济 the real economy

经济规律 laws of economics

市场调节 market regulation

优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources

规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale

劳动密集型 labor intensive

市场风险 market risk

收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy

适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy

信用紧缩 credit crunch

加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.

合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.

保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets

启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector

适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products

国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises

私营企业 private businesses

民营企业 privately-run businesses

中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises

三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)

存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation

吸收游资 absorb idle fund

经常性贷款 commercial lending

经常性支出 operating expenses

再贷款 re-lending; subloan

支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market

改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.

进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market

增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing

完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets

中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)

深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange

上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange

综合指数 composite index

纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation

主板市场 the main board

通货紧缩 deflation

中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries

与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy

中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.

适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.

经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.

一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.

立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play

扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization

瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints

放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)

深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform

配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms

配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of

提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns

讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect

加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes

债转股 debt-to-equity swap

头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position)

朝阳产业 sunrise industry

招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project

充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy

实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy

向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.

再注资 recapitalization

放松银根 to ease monetary policy

信息经济 IT economy

外向型经济 export-oriented economy

信息时代 information age

全球化 globalization （全球性globality）

信誉风险 reputational risk

风险评级 risk rating

到期不还贷 default on a loan

资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent

亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)

投资（贷款）组合 investment (loan) portfolio

外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves

中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China

储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply

国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,

国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks

少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions

不良贷款 non-performing loans

防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks

提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities

监事会 supervisory board

实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards

五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach

金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies

分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets

分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale

规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions

政策性银行 state policy-related bank

国家发展银行 State Development Bank

知识经济 knowledge-based economy

网络经济 Internet-based networked economy

指导性计划 guidance plan

社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy

社会市场经济（德国） social market economy

新经济（美国） new economy

中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China

中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.

中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank

中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank

汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)

金融监管 financial supervision

中国人民银行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China

商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks

保险法 Law of Insurance

证券法 Law of Securities

巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles

监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism

风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention

事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision

account number 帐目编号

depositor 存户

pay-in slip 存款单

a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机

to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据

private deposits 私人存款

certificate of deposit 存单

deposit book, passbook 存折

credit card 信用卡

principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支

to counter sign 双签

to endorse 背书

endorser 背书人

to cash 兑现

to honor a check 兑付

to dishonor a check 拒付

to suspend payment 止付

check 支票

check book 支票本

order check 记名支票

bearer check 不记名支票

crossed check 横线支票

blank check 空白支票

rubber check 空头支票

check stub, counterfoil 票根

cash check 现金支票

traveler's check 旅行支票

check for transfer 转帐支票

outstanding check 未付支票

canceled check 已付支票

forged check 伪支票

Bandar's note 庄票，银票

banker 银行家

president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行

Chase Bank 大通银行

National City Bank of New York 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行

Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行

bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行

commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行

member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行

discount bank 贴现银行

exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行

advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行

negotiation bank 议付银行

confirming bank 保兑银行

paying bank 付款银行

associate banker of collection 代收银行

consigned banker of collection 委托银行

clearing bank 清算银行

local bank 本地银行

domestic bank 国内银行

overseas bank 国外银行

unincorporated bank 钱庄

branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行

trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司

unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部

credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）

neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所

credit union 合作银行

credit bureau 商业兴信所

self-service bank 无人银行

land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行

bank of communications 交通银行

mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行

mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行

industrial bank 实业银行

home loan bank 家宅贷款银行

reserve bank 准备银行

chartered bank 特许银行

corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行

investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行

joint venture bank 合资银行

money shop, native bank 钱庄

credit cooperatives 信用社

clearing house 票据交换所

public accounting 公共会计

business accounting 商业会计

cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计

computerized accounting 电脑化会计

general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐

cash book 现金出纳帐

cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐

bad debts 坏帐

investment 投资

surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期

economic boom 经济繁荣

economic recession 经济衰退

economic depression 经济萧条

economic crisis 经济危机

economic recovery 经济复苏

inflation 通货膨胀

deflation 通货收缩

devaluation 货币贬值

revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支

favorable balance 顺差

adverse balance 逆差

hard currency 硬通货

soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度

the purchasing power of money 货币购买力

money in circulation 货币流通量

note issue 纸币发行量

national budget 国家预算

national gross product 国民生产总值

public bond 公债

stock, share 股票

debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券

debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇

indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇

cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备

foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动

foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机

discount 贴现

discount rate, bank rate 贴现率

gold reserve 黄金储备

money (financial) market 金融市场

stock exchange 股票交易所

broker 经纪人

commission 佣金

bookkeeping 簿记

bookkeeper 簿记员

an application form 申请单

bank statement 对帐单

letter of credit 信用证

strong room, vault 保险库

equitable tax system 等价税则

specimen signature 签字式样

banking hours, business hours 营业时间

share, equity, stock 股票、股权

negotiable share 可流通股份

treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券

closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金

open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金

market capitalization 市值

mark-to-market 逐日盯市

clearing and settlement 清算/结算

put / call option 看跌/看涨期权

rights issue/offering 配股

ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证

GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证

institutional investor 机构投资者

proprietary trading 自营

market manipulation 市场操纵

IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行

securities 证券

premium 溢价

share capital 股本

composite index 综合指数

capital market 资本市场

liquidity 流通性

highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构

subscribe 申购

underwriter承销商

road show 路演

primary market 一级市场

information disclosure 信息披露

blue chips 蓝筹股

gilt-edged bond 金边债券

rating agency 评级机构

credit trading 信用交易

open/close a position 建/平仓

bond, debenture, debts 债券

convertible bond 可转换债券

corporate bond 企业债券

fund manager 基金经理/管理公司

fund custodian bank 基金托管银行

p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率

payment versus delivery 银券交付

commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品

margins, collateral 保证金

bonus share 红股

dividend 红利/股息

retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户

broker/dealer 券商

insider trading/dealing 内幕交易

prospectus招股说明书

merger and acquisition收购兼并

warrant 认股权证

raised capital/proceeds 筹资

component index 成份指数

turnover rate 换手率

monetary market 货币市场

hedge fund 对冲基金

self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织

issuer 发行人

intermediary 中介机构

secondary listing 第二上市

secondary market 二级市场

controlling shareholder 控股股东

red chips红筹股

junk bond 立即债券

securities loan 融券

financing 融资