RSS 2.0 Specification参考手册
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RSS 2.0 Specification
Contents
What is RSS?Sample filesAbout this documentRequired channel elementsOptional channel elementsElements of- CommentsExtending RSSRoadmapLicense and authorship
What is RSS?
RSS Directory
About this website
Specifications
Feeds
Aggregators
Validators
Howtos/Articles
Tools
Utilities
RSS is a Web content syndication format.
Its name is an acronym for Really Simple Syndication.
RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0specification, as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website.
A summary ofRSS version history.
At the top level, a RSS document is a element, with a mandatory attribute called version, that specifies the version of RSS that the document conforms to. If it conforms to this specification, the version attribute must be 2.0.
Subordinate to the element is a single element, which contains information about the channel (metadata) and its contents.
Sample files
Here are sample files for: RSS0.91,0.92 and2.0.
Note that the sample files may point to documents and services that no longer exist. The 0.91 sample was created when the 0.91 docs were written. Maintaining a trail of samples seems like a good idea.
About this document
This document represents the status of RSS as of the Fall of 2002, version 2.0.1.
It incorporates all changes and additions, starting with the basic spec forRSS 0.91 (June 2000) and includes new features introduced inRSS 0.92 (December 2000) and RSS 0.94 (August 2002).
Change notes arehere.
First we document the required and optional sub-elements of; and then document the sub-elements of - . The final sections answer frequently asked questions, and provide a roadmap for future evolution, and guidelines for extending RSS.
Required channel elements
Here‘s a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description.
ElementDescriptionExample
titleThe name of the channel. It‘s how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website. GoUpstate.com News Headlines
linkThe URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel.http://www.goupstate.com/
description Phrase or sentence describing the channel.The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site.
Optional channel elements
Here‘s a list of optional channel elements.
ElementDescriptionExample
languageThe language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, ishere. You may also usevalues defined by the W3C.en-us
copyrightCopyright notice for content in the channel.Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal
managingEditorEmail address for person responsible for editorial content.geo@herald.com (George Matesky)
webMasterEmail address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel.betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey)
pubDateThe publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the New York Times publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That‘s when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification ofRFC 822, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred).Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT
lastBuildDateThe last time the content of the channel changed.Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT
categorySpecify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the- -levelcategory element. Moreinfo.
Newspapers
generatorA string indicating the program used to generate the channel.MightyInHouse Content System v2.3
docsA URL that points to the documentation for the format used in the RSS file. It‘s probably a pointer to this page. It‘s for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is.http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss
cloudAllows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More infohere.
ttlttl stands for time to live. It‘s a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More infohere.60
imageSpecifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More infohere.
ratingThePICS rating for the channel.
textInputSpecifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More infohere.
skipHoursA hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. More infohere.
skipDaysA hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. More infohere.
sub-element of
is an optional sub-element of , which contains three required and three optional sub-elements.
is the URL of a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that represents the channel.
describes the image, it‘s used in the ALT attribute of the HTML tag when the channel is rendered in HTML.
is the URL of the site, when the channel is rendered, the image is a link to the site. (Note, in practice the image and should have the same value as the channel‘s and .
Optional elements include and , numbers, indicating the width and height of the image in pixels. contains text that is included in the TITLE attribute of the link formed around the image in the HTML rendering.
Maximum value for width is 144, default value is 88.
Maximum value for height is 400, default value is 31.
sub-element of
is an optional sub-element of .
It specifies a web service that supports the rssCloud interface which can be implemented in HTTP-POST, XML-RPC or SOAP 1.1.
Its purpose is to allow processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds.
In this example, to request notification on the channel it appears in, you would send an XML-RPC message to rpc.sys.com on port 80, with a path of /RPC2. The procedure to call is myCloud.rssPleaseNotify.
A full explanation of this element and the rssCloud interface ishere.
sub-element of
is an optional sub-element of .
ttl stands for time to live. It‘s a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. This makes it possible for RSS sources to be managed by a file-sharing network such asGnutella.
Example:60
sub-element of
A channel may optionally contain a sub-element, which contains four required sub-elements.
-- The label of the Submit button in the text input area.
-- Explains the text input area.
-- The name of the text object in the text input area.
-- The URL of the CGI script that processes text input requests.
The purpose of the element is something of a mystery. You can use it to specify a search engine box. Or to allow a reader to provide feedback. Most aggregators ignore it.
Elements of
A channel may contain any number of- s. An item may represent a "story" -- much like a story in a newspaper or magazine; if so its description is a synopsis of the story, and the link points to the full story. An item may also be complete in itself, if so, the description contains the text (entity-encoded HTML is allowed; seeexamples), and the link and title may be omitted. All elements of an item are optional, however at least one of title or description must be present.
ElementDescriptionExample
titleThe title of the item.Venice Film Festival Tries to Quit Sinking
linkThe URL of the item.http://nytimes.com/2004/12/07FEST.html
description The item synopsis.Some of the most heated chatter at the Venice Film Festival this week was about the way that the arrival of the stars at the Palazzo del Cinema was being staged.
authorEmail address of the author of the item.More.
categoryIncludes the item in one or more categories.More.
commentsURL of a page for comments relating to the item.More.
enclosureDescribes a media object that is attached to the item.More.
guidA string that uniquely identifies the item.More.
pubDateIndicates when the item was published.More.
sourceThe RSS channel that the item came from.More.
RSS 2.0 Specification
Contents
What is RSS?Sample filesAbout this documentRequired channel elementsOptional channel elementsElements of
What is RSS?
RSS Directory
About this website
Specifications
Feeds
Aggregators
Validators
Howtos/Articles
Tools
Utilities
RSS is a Web content syndication format.
Its name is an acronym for Really Simple Syndication.
RSS is a dialect of XML. All RSS files must conform to the XML 1.0specification, as published on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website.
A summary ofRSS version history.
At the top level, a RSS document is a
Subordinate to the
Sample files
Here are sample files for: RSS0.91,0.92 and2.0.
Note that the sample files may point to documents and services that no longer exist. The 0.91 sample was created when the 0.91 docs were written. Maintaining a trail of samples seems like a good idea.
About this document
This document represents the status of RSS as of the Fall of 2002, version 2.0.1.
It incorporates all changes and additions, starting with the basic spec forRSS 0.91 (June 2000) and includes new features introduced inRSS 0.92 (December 2000) and RSS 0.94 (August 2002).
Change notes arehere.
First we document the required and optional sub-elements of
Required channel elements
Here‘s a list of the required channel elements, each with a brief description, an example, and where available, a pointer to a more complete description.
ElementDescriptionExample
titleThe name of the channel. It‘s how people refer to your service. If you have an HTML website that contains the same information as your RSS file, the title of your channel should be the same as the title of your website. GoUpstate.com News Headlines
linkThe URL to the HTML website corresponding to the channel.http://www.goupstate.com/
description Phrase or sentence describing the channel.The latest news from GoUpstate.com, a Spartanburg Herald-Journal Web site.
Optional channel elements
Here‘s a list of optional channel elements.
ElementDescriptionExample
languageThe language the channel is written in. This allows aggregators to group all Italian language sites, for example, on a single page. A list of allowable values for this element, as provided by Netscape, ishere. You may also usevalues defined by the W3C.en-us
copyrightCopyright notice for content in the channel.Copyright 2002, Spartanburg Herald-Journal
managingEditorEmail address for person responsible for editorial content.geo@herald.com (George Matesky)
webMasterEmail address for person responsible for technical issues relating to channel.betty@herald.com (Betty Guernsey)
pubDateThe publication date for the content in the channel. For example, the New York Times publishes on a daily basis, the publication date flips once every 24 hours. That‘s when the pubDate of the channel changes. All date-times in RSS conform to the Date and Time Specification ofRFC 822, with the exception that the year may be expressed with two characters or four characters (four preferred).Sat, 07 Sep 2002 00:00:01 GMT
lastBuildDateThe last time the content of the channel changed.Sat, 07 Sep 2002 09:42:31 GMT
categorySpecify one or more categories that the channel belongs to. Follows the same rules as the
generatorA string indicating the program used to generate the channel.MightyInHouse Content System v2.3
docsA URL that points to the documentation for the format used in the RSS file. It‘s probably a pointer to this page. It‘s for people who might stumble across an RSS file on a Web server 25 years from now and wonder what it is.http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss
cloudAllows processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds. More infohere.
ttlttl stands for time to live. It‘s a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. More infohere.
imageSpecifies a GIF, JPEG or PNG image that can be displayed with the channel. More infohere.
ratingThePICS rating for the channel.
textInputSpecifies a text input box that can be displayed with the channel. More infohere.
skipHoursA hint for aggregators telling them which hours they can skip. More infohere.
skipDaysA hint for aggregators telling them which days they can skip. More infohere.
is the URL of the site, when the channel is rendered, the image is a link to the site. (Note, in practice the image
Optional elements include
Maximum value for width is 144, default value is 88.
Maximum value for height is 400, default value is 31.
It specifies a web service that supports the rssCloud interface which can be implemented in HTTP-POST, XML-RPC or SOAP 1.1.
Its purpose is to allow processes to register with a cloud to be notified of updates to the channel, implementing a lightweight publish-subscribe protocol for RSS feeds.
In this example, to request notification on the channel it appears in, you would send an XML-RPC message to rpc.sys.com on port 80, with a path of /RPC2. The procedure to call is myCloud.rssPleaseNotify.
A full explanation of this element and the rssCloud interface ishere.
ttl stands for time to live. It‘s a number of minutes that indicates how long a channel can be cached before refreshing from the source. This makes it possible for RSS sources to be managed by a file-sharing network such asGnutella.
Example:
A channel may optionally contain a
-- The URL of the CGI script that processes text input requests.
The purpose of the
Elements of
A channel may contain any number of
ElementDescriptionExample
titleThe title of the item.Venice Film Festival Tries to Quit Sinking
linkThe URL of the item.http://nytimes.com/2004/12/07FEST.html
description The item synopsis.Some of the most heated chatter at the Venice Film Festival this week was about the way that the arrival of the stars at the Palazzo del Cinema was being staged.
authorEmail address of the author of the item.More.
categoryIncludes the item in one or more categories.More.
commentsURL of a page for comments relating to the item.More.
enclosureDescribes a media object that is attached to the item.More.
guidA string that uniquely identifies the item.More.
pubDateIndicates when the item was published.More.
sourceThe RSS channel that the item came from.More.
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