stata的权重
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weight -- Weights
Remarks Most Stata commands can deal with weighted data. Stata allows four kinds
of weights: 1. fweights, or frequency weights, are weights that indicate the number
of duplicated observations. 2. pweights, or sampling weights, are weights that denote the inverse of
the probability that the observation is included because of the
sampling design. 3. aweights, or analytic weights, are weights that are inversely
proportional to the variance of an observation; i.e., the variance of
the jth observation is assumed to be sigma^2/w_j, where w_j are the
weights. Typically, the observations represent averages and the
weights are the number of elements that gave rise to the average.
For most Stata commands, the recorded scale of aweights is
irrelevant; Stata internally rescales them to sum to N, the number of
observations in your data, when it uses them. 4. iweights, or importance weights, are weights that indicate the
"importance" of the observation in some vague sense. iweights have
no formal statistical definition; any command that supports iweights
will define exactly how they are treated. Usually, they are intended
for use by programmers who want to produce a certain computation. The general syntax is command ... [weightword=exp] ... For example: . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [fweight=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [aweight=cellpop] . regress y x1 x2 x3 [pweight=1/prob] . scatter y x [aweight=y2], mfcolor(none) You type the square brackets. Stata allows abbreviations: fw for fweight, aw for aweight, and so on.
You could type . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [fw=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [aw=cellpop] . regress y x1 x2 x3 [pw=1/prob] . scatter y x [aw=y2], mfcolor(none) Also, each command has its own idea of the "natural" kind of weight. If
you type . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [w=cellpop] the command will tell you what kind of weight it is assuming and perform
the request as if you specified that kind of weight. There are synonyms for some of the weight types. fweight can also be
referred to as frequency (abbreviation freq). aweight can be referred to
as cellsize (abbreviation cell): . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [freq=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [cell=cellpop]
fweights Frequency fweights indicate replicated data. The weight tells the
command how many observations each observation really represents.
fweights allow data to be stored more parsimoniously. The weighting
variable contains positive integers. The result of the command is the
same as if you duplicated each observation however many times and then
ran the command unweighted.
pweights Sampling pweights indicate the inverse of the probability that this
observation was sampled. Commands that allow pweights typically provide
a cluster() option. These can be combined to produce estimates for
unstratified cluster-sampled data. If you must also deal with issues of
stratification, see [SVY] survey.
aweights Analytic aweights are typically appropriate when you are dealing with
data containing averages. For instance, you have average income and
average characteristics on a group of people. The weighting variable
contains the number of persons over which the average was calculated (or
a number proportional to that amount).
iweights This weight has no formal statistical definition and is a catch-all
category. The weight somehow reflects the importance of the observation
and any command that supports such weights will define exactly how such
weights are treated.
Remarks Most Stata commands can deal with weighted data. Stata allows four kinds
of weights: 1. fweights, or frequency weights, are weights that indicate the number
of duplicated observations. 2. pweights, or sampling weights, are weights that denote the inverse of
the probability that the observation is included because of the
sampling design. 3. aweights, or analytic weights, are weights that are inversely
proportional to the variance of an observation; i.e., the variance of
the jth observation is assumed to be sigma^2/w_j, where w_j are the
weights. Typically, the observations represent averages and the
weights are the number of elements that gave rise to the average.
For most Stata commands, the recorded scale of aweights is
irrelevant; Stata internally rescales them to sum to N, the number of
observations in your data, when it uses them. 4. iweights, or importance weights, are weights that indicate the
"importance" of the observation in some vague sense. iweights have
no formal statistical definition; any command that supports iweights
will define exactly how they are treated. Usually, they are intended
for use by programmers who want to produce a certain computation. The general syntax is command ... [weightword=exp] ... For example: . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [fweight=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [aweight=cellpop] . regress y x1 x2 x3 [pweight=1/prob] . scatter y x [aweight=y2], mfcolor(none) You type the square brackets. Stata allows abbreviations: fw for fweight, aw for aweight, and so on.
You could type . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [fw=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [aw=cellpop] . regress y x1 x2 x3 [pw=1/prob] . scatter y x [aw=y2], mfcolor(none) Also, each command has its own idea of the "natural" kind of weight. If
you type . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [w=cellpop] the command will tell you what kind of weight it is assuming and perform
the request as if you specified that kind of weight. There are synonyms for some of the weight types. fweight can also be
referred to as frequency (abbreviation freq). aweight can be referred to
as cellsize (abbreviation cell): . anova y x1 x2 x1*x2 [freq=pop] . regress avgy avgx1 avgx2 [cell=cellpop]
fweights Frequency fweights indicate replicated data. The weight tells the
command how many observations each observation really represents.
fweights allow data to be stored more parsimoniously. The weighting
variable contains positive integers. The result of the command is the
same as if you duplicated each observation however many times and then
ran the command unweighted.
pweights Sampling pweights indicate the inverse of the probability that this
observation was sampled. Commands that allow pweights typically provide
a cluster() option. These can be combined to produce estimates for
unstratified cluster-sampled data. If you must also deal with issues of
stratification, see [SVY] survey.
aweights Analytic aweights are typically appropriate when you are dealing with
data containing averages. For instance, you have average income and
average characteristics on a group of people. The weighting variable
contains the number of persons over which the average was calculated (or
a number proportional to that amount).
iweights This weight has no formal statistical definition and is a catch-all
category. The weight somehow reflects the importance of the observation
and any command that supports such weights will define exactly how such
weights are treated.