有关介绍 rolleiflex 镜组

Modern Photography, May 1952, pg. 57-98 
The New Rollei 
How Good is the New $385 Model 2.8C Which Incorporates Suggestions Made by Photographers?...By Arthur Kramer 

"The New Lens" 

"The camera's most important feature is its new 80mm, air-spaced five-element f/2.8 Schneider Xenotar lens. The f/2.8 lens on a previous model was a four-element objective which often gave trouble when used wide open. The makers of the Rolleiflex claim this trouble has been eliminated in the Xenotar lens. Optical and practical tests (which we will get to later) indicated that this was true - at least on the cameras tested." 

"The Lens - How Good?" 

"Finally we get to the most important of all the improvements - the lens. This is not the first f/2.8 lens ever put on a 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 Rollei. Many photographers who have used or tested the previous f/2.8 model, which this new camera supersedes, felt that the definition was not up to their acceptable standards. Wide aperture lenses which must cover comparatively large film areas are often notoriously poor in edge definition at full aperture. Practically all Automatic Rolleiflexes have up to this time been supplied with four element Tessar or Xenar f/3.5 or Tessar f/2.8 lenses. The new Xenotar is a five-element lens of the air-spaced type. It was not until the advent of modern optical coatings that the full advantage of such a design could be exploited." 

"Bench Testing" 

"The camera was taken to a well-equipped optical laboratory and placed on an optical bench. The lens appeared to be free of astigmatism. It showed no shift of focus when stopped down. There seemed to be the faintest trace of flare at f/2.8 but this disappeared when the diaphragm was stopped down to about f/3, a definite improvement in this respect to what we had previously seen in other lenses of similar focal length and aperture." "The definition at the edges was far above that of the old four-element f/2.8. This individual Xenotar lens looked excellent in bench tests, but that did not guarantee excellent pictures. Only extensive tests on actual film could tell about that." 

"Practical Testing" 

" The camera was also checked for lens, film, and ground glass alignment. Then it was ready for the film tests. An f/3.5 Rollei of known image quality was used as a control unit The first test was made on a cross-lit brick wall A series of shots was taken at various distances and apertures with both cameras. Negatives were carefully enlarged to about 30x30 inches and examined over the entire field. Results showed that the Xenotar f/2.8 lens wide open was equal in most respects to the f/3.5 lens wide open. It did not noticeably lose definition when stopped down to f/22. A second Xenotar tested actually had better definition at f/2.8 than the older type lens had at f/3.5! The tests were repeated on various objects and at varied distances with the same result. The next test was of a more practical nature. Portraits of actor Jack Palance (!) were shot at full aperture with the camera at its closest distance, about three and one half feet (page 59). The inset on the enlargement shows the entire negative area. The 11x14 glossy prints were quite sharp, and had excellent image quality. Twenty rolls or film were used on a variety of subjects. Results were consistently good." 


(Imagine using a portrait of Jack Palance to test lens definition!) 


Modern Photography, May 1956, pg. 50-132 
Are the new Rolleis Really Better? 
(3.5G [E] and 75mm f/3.5 Xenotar) 

"Five or four element lens?" 

"Now lets take a look at that five element f/3.5 lens. It's no secret that there was a cry from professional photographers for a Rolleiflex with an f/2.8 lens and that these camera enthusiasts only got what they wanted when a five element optical system was developed." "With a maximum f/3.5 aperture in 75mm focal lengths, the story has been quite different. The four element Zeiss Tessar and Schneider Xenar 75mm f/3.5 lenses have long been standards of excellence for Rolleis and many other cameras. What more can the new Xenotar five element offer? For all but the most persnickety professional, a good Xenar or Tessar will do nicely. Testing the new Xenotar against a good example of a Schneider Xenar, the resulting picture definition with both lenses was almost identical. This is not to disparage the new Xenotar but rather point out that a good four element Xenar or Tessar can be a very good lens indeed. Perhaps the Xenotar proved a shade sharper in the corners at full aperture than the Xenar. However, in actual photographic practice we doubt that this difference would be perceptible. Xenar or Xenotar? They're both fine lenses." 



Modern Photography, (1957), pg. 82-106 
Great Cameras? Fact or Fiction 
Rolleis have always had a great reputation. Do they still deserve it? 

"Which Lens is Best? Four or Five Element, F/2.8 or F/3.5" 

"A. 80mm f/2.8 Zeiss Planar is a five-element alternative to the Xenotar (below) on the Rolleiflex 2.8E. Although the line-up of optical elements is rather different from the Xenotar, performance is similar. It produces excellent definition to the corners of the negative, even at full aperture." 

"B. 80mm f/2.8 Schneider Xenotar has five elements and can be had on the Rolleiflex 2.8E. In extensive tests with this lens Modern found it extremely sharp in overall definition. The five-element 80mm f/2.8 lenses are considerable improvements over the discontinued four-element 80mm f/2.8 Tessars once available on the Rolleiflex 2.8." 

"C. 75mm f/3.5 Zeiss Planar is a five element alternative to the Xenotar on the Rolleiflex 3.5. It shows excellent definition even at full aperture." 

"D. 75mm f/3.5 Schneider Xenotar with five elements has now completely replaced the four element Xenar on all Rolleiflexes. Differences in definition between the discontinued four-element Xenar and this five-element Xenotar at f/3.5 are almost impossible to see, even with great magnification of the negative corners. Definition, to say the least, is excellent in the 75mm f/3.5 Xenotar." 

"E. 75mm and 60mm Schneider Xenar are available on the Rolleicord Va and Rolleiflex 4x4 respectively. The Xenar design is of a traditional four-element Tessar-type construction. Performance at such moderate aperture (f/3.5) and focal length (75mm) is excellent compared with that of the 75mm f/3.5 five-element Xenotars and Planars."Modern Photography, October 1963, pg. 103 
Modern Tests 
4 Different Rolleis, 4 Different Lenses 


80mm f/2.8 Xenotar 

f/2.8 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 


80mm f/2.8 Planar 

f/2.8 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Good
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good
f/11 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) V.Good-Excellent
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) V.Good-Excellent
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 


75mm f/3.5 Xenotar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 


75mm f/3.5 Planar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 



Modern Photography, October 1963, pg. 103-122 
Modern Tests 
Mutar Means More Lenses for Rollei 


Carl Zeiss Rollei-Mutar 0.7X with 75mm f/3.5 Planar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 


Carl Zeiss Rollei-Mutar 1.5X with 75mm f/3.5 Planar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Good 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good Photo Buying Guide, 1968 
2 Different Rolleis, 2 Different Lenses 


80mm f/2.8 Planar 

f/2.8 (center sharpness) Acceptable (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Excellent 
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Excellent 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 


75mm f/3.5 Planar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Excellent (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 



Modern Photography 
Modern Tests 
Rolleicord Vb Can Doff Its New Hood 

75mm f/3.5 Xenar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Good (edge fall-off) Some 
f/4 (center sharpness) Good (edge fall-off) Some 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Good (edge fall-off) Little 
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge fall-off) Little 
f/11 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge fall-off) Slight 
f/16 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge fall-off) Slight 
f/22 (center sharpness) Good (edge fall-off) Slight 



Photo Buying Guide, 1968, p. 56 
(Rolleicord Vb Test) 

75mm f/3.5 Xenar 

f/3.5 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/4 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Acceptable 
f/5.6 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/8 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Good 
f/11 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/16 (center sharpness) Very Good (edge sharpness) Very Good 
f/22 (center sharpness) Good (edge sharpness) Very Good