绝对经典：中国特有词汇的地道翻译

    绝对经典：中国特有词汇的地道翻译2009年09月28日 新浪教育 　　1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)　　八卦 trigram　　阴、阳 yin, yang　　道 Dao(cf. logo)　　江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)　　e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)　　道 Daoism(Taoism)　　上火 excessive internal heat　　儒学 Confucianism　　红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology　　世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia　　开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)　　大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done　　伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded　　不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …　　合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people　　乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge　　铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post　　脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty　　治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline　　2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)　　国庆节 National Day　　中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival　　春节 Spring Festival　　元宵节 Lantern Festival　　儿童节 Children’s Day　　端午节 Dragon Boat Festival　　妇女节 Women’s Day　　泼水节 Water-Splashing Day　　教师节 Teachers’ Day　　五四青年节 Youth Day　　3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)　　馄饨 wonton　　锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)　　花卷 steamed twisted rolls　　套餐 set meal　　盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away　　米豆腐 rice tofu　　魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu　　米粉 rice noodles　　冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc。)　　火锅 chafing dish　　八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding　　粉丝 glass noodles　　豆腐脑 jellied bean curd　　4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)　　十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan　　中国电脑联网 Chinanet　　三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project　　希望工程 Project Hope　　京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway　　扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project　　菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project　　温饱工程 Decent-Life Project　　安居工程 Economy Housing Project　　扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign　　西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 　5 、特有的一些汉语词汇　　禅宗 Zen Buddhism　　禅 dhyana; dhgaya　　混沌 chaos　　道 Daosim, the way and its power　　四谛 Four Noble Truth　　八正道 Eightfold Path　　无常 anity　　五行说 Theory of Five Elements　　无我 anatman　　坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation　　空 sunyata　　虚无 nothingness　　双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)　　小品 witty skits　　相声 cross-talk　　噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt　　夜猫子 night people; night-owls　　本命年 this animal year of sb。　　处世之道 philosophy of life　　姻缘 yinyuan (prefixed fate of marriage)　　还愿 redeem a wish (vows)　　6 、具有文化特色的现代表述　　大陆中国 Mainland China　　红宝书 little red book　　红色中国 socialist China　　四化 Four Modernizations　　终生职业 job-for-life　　铁饭碗 iron rice bowl　　大锅饭 communal pot　　关系户 closely-related units　　外出打工人员 migrant workers　　关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild　　五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals　　四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment　　7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)　　宣纸 rice paper　　衙门 yamen　　叩头 kowtow　　孔子Confucius　　牌楼 pailou；pai-loo　　武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)　　功夫 kungfu ；kung fu　　中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)　　中和 harmony (zhonghe)　　孝顺 to show filial obedience　　孝子 dutiful son　　家长 family head　　三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife　　五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity)， righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity　　八股文 eight-legged essays　　多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness　　养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age　　8、中国现代特色词汇翻译　　基层监督 grass-roots supervision　　基础税率 base tariff level　　婚介所 matrimonial agency　　婚外恋 extramarital love　　婚纱摄影 bride photo　　黑心棉 shoddy cotton　　机器阅卷 machine scoring　　即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery　　集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development　　价格听证会 public price hearings　　甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team　　家政服务 household management service　　加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion　　假帐 accounting fraud　　叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel　　矫情 use lame arguments　　渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence　　借调 temporarily transfer　　扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group。　　扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption