The next big one?全球多国出现猪流感疫情

导读：4月27日，墨西哥卫生部门公布的最新数据显示，墨西哥因猪流感(swine flu)病毒死亡人数达149人，全国有1995人入院治疗，目前已有1000多人痊愈出院。 此外，加拿大、英国等多国均已确认有猪流感感染病例或者疑似病例。目前死亡人数继续攀升，世界各地政府都处于高度戒备状态应对猪流感。世界卫生组织就这起国际突发公共卫生事件发表宣言，呼吁世界各地监视猪流感病毒的蔓延。
The next big one?
全球多国出现猪流感疫情
FROM 21st century
PUBLISHED: 2009-05-19
http://www.i21st.cn/story/502.html
问题1：什么是猪流感？
Q1. What is swine influenza?
猪流感是一种发生在猪身上的高度传染性急性呼吸道疾病，由A型流感病毒引起。
Swine influenza (swine flu) is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract in pigs caused by type A influenza virus.
猪的死亡率较低，且通常能在7至10天内痊愈。
The mortality rate is low in pigs and recovery usually occurs within 7-10 days.
迄今为止，在猪身上共发现3种A型流感病毒的子类型：H1N1, H1N2 和 H3N2。
So far three influenza type A virus subtypes: H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 have been found in pigs.
问题2：猪流感能传染人类么？
Q2. Can swine influenza infect humans?
是的。自20世纪50年代以来，就已经检测到有人类感染猪流感，患者通常和猪有直接的接触（例如：猪场工人等）。
Yes. Human infections with swine influenza have been detected occasionally since the late 1950s usually in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. people working in pig farms, etc.).
据悉，自1958年来，欧洲共计有17个病例。
In Europe, since 1958 a total of 17 cases have been reported.
1976年，在美国新泽西州的迪克斯堡军营的新兵中也有人感染猪流感。
In the US, an outbreak of swine influenza virus infections in humans was detected in recruits in a military camp in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976.
当时，人们猜测这与猪有关，但没有最终发现（证据）。
A link to pigs was presumed but never discovered.
后来，疫情开始在人与人之间广泛传播，结果导致200多人感染，12人住院，1人死亡。
Instead there was extensive human to human transmission, with over 200 infections resulting in 12 hospitalisations and one death.
问题3：人类感染猪流感后有哪些症状？
Q3. What are the symptoms of swine influenza in humans?
人类感染猪流感后的症状通常与患流行性感冒症状相似，包括突然高烧、呼吸系统症状，还可能伴随腹泻症状。
Symptoms of swine influenza in humans are usually similar to regular human seasonal influenza symptoms, involving fever of sudden onset and respiratory symptoms, diarrhoea might also occur.
问题4：人类是怎么被传染的？
Q4. How do humans get infected?
通常，猪流感最可能通过与猪直接接触或近距离接触而传染。
Most commonly, swine influenza is transmitted through direct contact or close proximity with pigs.
其次，人与人之间的传播在过去也有报道，但实属罕见。
Secondary cases following human to human transmission have been reported in the past but they are very rare.
这种病毒不会因为食用猪肉及猪肉产品而传播。
This virus is not transmitted from eating pork or pork products.
问题5：有治疗猪流感的疫苗么？
Q5. Is there a vaccine against swine influenza?
有。现在有防止猪感染猪流感的疫苗，但是目前还没有疫苗让人类免受猪流感的侵害。
Yes, there is a vaccine available for pigs against swine influenza, but there is no vaccine to protect humans from swine influenza.
问题6：人类感染猪流感能被治愈么？
Q6. Can swine influenza in humans be treated?
大多数猪流感病毒对抗病毒药物，例如：抑制剂（奥司他韦和扎那米韦）很敏感。
Most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to antiviral medications such as neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir).
但是，近期在美国和墨西哥发现的病毒对抑制剂很敏感，却对amantadanes有抵抗力。
The virus that was currently detected in the US and Mexico is susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors but resistant to amantadanes.
问题7：为什么美国和墨西哥的局势代表了一个新的问题？
Q7. Why do the situations in the US and Mexico represent a new problem?
在美国加州、得克萨斯州和墨西哥发现的新型猪流感病毒包含了猪类、禽类以及人类的基因。这种结合在世界上是史无前例的。
The novel swine influenza virus that has now been found in the two US states California and Texas and in Mexico contains pig, bird and human genes, in a combination that has never been observed before
问题8：去墨西哥、加州或得克萨斯州旅游安全么？
Q8. Is it safe to travel to Mexico, California or Texas?
截止目前，世界卫生组织和美国疾病预防控制中心还没有发布任何消息，禁止到墨西哥、加州或得克萨斯州疫区旅游。
There is no statement from the World Health Organisation (WHO) or the US CDC concerning any travel restriction to the affected regions in Mexico, California or Texas.
在此，建议那些想要前往墨西哥、加州或得克萨斯州的人们到世卫组织官网、本国外交部或公共为生部门网站进行咨询。
Persons who intend to travel to Mexico, California or Texas are advised to consult the WHO website and websites of their ministries of foreign affairs or national public health institutes.
问题9：如果我想去墨西哥、加州或得克萨斯州旅游，我该怎样保护自己呢？
Q9. What can I do to protect myself if I want to travel to Mexico, California or Texas?
避免与病人亲密接触。
Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
为避免将病毒传染给他人，自己生病时，请和他人保持距离。
When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too.
生病期间不要上班、上学、外出办事，尽量待在家中。
Staying home from work, school, and errands when you are sick.
咳嗽、打喷嚏时用纸巾掩住口鼻。用过后，请将纸巾丢进垃圾桶中。
Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
此外，经常洗手也能有效防止细菌的入侵。
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs.
(Translator & Editor: SYLVIE AND 小胡)