2008年高考英语增补词汇240个(附详解)

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来源: 时间:1年前  阅读:1482 次 [划词已启用] 标签: 高考词汇 高中词汇 高考英语词汇  2008年6月大学英语六级考试A卷真题下载
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 与往年的考纲词汇相比,2008年的高考英语考纲词汇又有所增加,并且增加的数量达到了240个之多。为帮助同学们复习备考,我们特地将这新增的240个词汇注上了音标、给出了词义和例句,同时还根据各个词汇的用法特点给出了“用法”“说明”“注意”“考点”“辨析”“比较”“联想”等,希望对同学们复习备考有所帮助!
Aabsence[5AbsEns] n.
1. [C,U]缺席;不在场:I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察觉到他缺课。
2.[U]缺乏;没有:the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据缺乏确凿的证据
【用法】1.通常为不可数名词,但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时,为可数名词:after an absence of three months 在离开3个月后
2.表示做某事缺席,其后通常接介词 from:His absence from school was caused by illness. 他缺课是因为生病。
3.比较后接介词from和in的区别:Nothing happened during his absence from America. 在他离开美国期间,没有发生什么。/ Nothing happened during his absence in America. 当他不在此地而在美国的期间,没有发生什么。
absent[5AbsEnt] adj.
1.缺席的;不在场的:How many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少学生缺席?
2.漫不经心的;心不在焉的;茫然的:an absent stare 心不在焉的呆视
【用法】1. 用作形容词,可表示“缺席的”;要表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介词 from:Several students were absent from class today. 今天有几个学生上课缺席。有时根据不同的语境,也可能使用不同的介词:He’s absent in Beijing. 他外出了,现在北京。
2. 用作形容词,有时表示“心不在焉,茫然的”等,通常只用作定语:She had an absent look on her face. 她脸上露出茫然的神色。她脸上露出茫然的神色。【考点】So many directors ______, the board meeting had to be put off.   A. were absent        B. been absent     C. had been absent  D. being absent  答案为 D。句意为:因为有许多董事缺席,董事会议只好推迟。填空处为独立主格结构。全句谓语为had to be put off。句意为:因为,由于逗号前后两部分之间没有连接词,所以逗号前面的结构不能用完整谓语,而要用非谓语形式。
abuse[E5bju:z] vt.
1.滥用:It’s important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要滥用你的地位。
2. 虐待:to abuse a horse 虐待一匹马to abuse a horse n. [C,U]滥用:an abuse of authority 职权的滥用
【考点】It has been revealed that some government leaders _____ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.    
A. employ        B. take         C. abuse         B. D. overlook  
答案为C。句意为:据透露,一些政府领导滥用职权,非法谋利。比较:employ 雇用;take 拿,带;abuse 滥用;overlook 俯瞰,远眺。N
.1.[U]住处,办公处,停留处,招待设备:The price of your holiday includes your hotel accommodation. 你度假的价格包括了你的旅馆住宿费用。
2.[C, pl.]住处,膳宿:He has several overnight accommodations. 他有好几处过夜的住处。
【用法】在英国英语中不可数,在美国英语中通常用复数,但不能与不定冠词连用。ache[eIk] vi.
1.疼痛:His legs ached after playing footb; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-foall for two hours. 踢了两个小时足球后,他感到腿痛。
2. 渴望:She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各国外去。n.[C,U]痛,疼痛:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。
【辨析】ache与pain:
1. ache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛:My back aches terribly. 我背痛得厉害。而 pain 是一般用语,可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持续的痛或突发的痛等:The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。
2. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。由于 ache 常用于指局部的持续性疼痛,所以它常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词,表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用 pain):headache(头痛),toothache(牙痛)等。
 acid[5AsId ] adj.man'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> ] Is an apple an acid fruit? 苹果是酸味水果吗? / Her remarks were rather acid. 她的话有些尖酸刻薄。n.[U,C]酸,含有酸味的东西
acre[5eIk[] n.
1.[C]英亩,田地:The playground has an area of about five acres. 这操场的面积约为五英亩。
2.[C][复]土地,地产:The rolling acres of farm land are very beautiful. 这些起伏不平的广阔田地真美。
afterwards adv.
后来,然后:Let’s eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱们先去吃饭,然后再去看戏。
airplane[5eEpleIn] n. [C](美)飞机:The airplane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。alarm[E5lB:m] n.
1. [C]警报;警报装置:give the alarm 发出警报 / He sounded the alarm. 他鸣警报。
2. [C]闹钟(= alarm clock):What time shall I set the alarm for? 我该把闹钟拨到几点种响?
3. [U]惊恐,惊慌:She was struck with alarm. 她饱受惊慌。vt.使惊慌,使不安:I was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire”. 昨天夜里听到“失火了”的喊声时,我十分惊慌。
◆a false alarm a false 假警报 / raise (sound) the alarm发出警报album[5Alb[m] n.[C]粘贴簿(如相册、集邮簿、签名册、纪念册等),唱片集:This is my stamp album. 这是我的集邮簿。ambassador[Am5bAsEdE] n.[C]大使,使节,派驻国际组织的代表:The ambassador made forceful representations to the White House. 该大使向白宫提出了强烈抗议。
【用法】表示驻某国大使,其后通常接介词to:He has been appointed an ambassador to Peru. 他被任命为驻秘鲁大使。若指驻某地大使,则用介词in或at:the British ambassador in [at] Washington 英国驻华盛顿大使man'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.the British ambassador in [at]
【联想】embassy 大使馆 / ambassadress 女大使
amusement n.
1.[U]开心,愉快:I listened in amusement. 我听得十分开心。
2.[C]娱乐(活动),消遣(方式):There were a lot of amusements in big cities. 大城市有许多娱乐(活动)。annual[5Anju[l] adj.每年的,年度的,一年生的:What is your annual income? 你的全年收入有多少?ant[Ant] n. [C]蚂蚁:an army ofan'">蚂蚁一大群蚂蚁
appointment n.
1.[C,U]约会,约定:make (fix) an appointment with sb 与某人约会 / I’m afraid I won’t be able to keep our appointment on Monday. 对不起,星期一我不能赴约了。
2.[C]职位,职务:get a good appointment 获得一个好职位
3. [C,U]委任,选派:The following appointments have been made at the Ministry of National Defense. 国防部作出如下任命。
arithmetic n.
[U]算术,计算:business arithmetic 商业算术 / He is good at arithmetic. 他擅长算术。
联想】geometry[dVI5CmItrI] 几何 / algebra[5AldVIbrE] 代数 / function[5fQNkFn] 函数 / calculous[5kAlkjJlEs] 微积oman'; mso-bidi-分(学)
arrow n.
1. [C]箭:Time flies like an arrow. 光阴似箭。
2. [C]箭头:direction arrows 方向箭头ashamed[E5FeImd] adj.惭愧;害臊:Are you ashamed for having lied? 你为撒了谎感到害臊吗? / I am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。/ You should be ashamed of your behavior. 你应该为你的行为感到羞愧。
【辨析】ashamed与shameful:ashamed 意为“感到羞耻的”,shameful 意为“可耻的”、“丢脸的”:You should be ashamed of doing that. 你应该为自己做那样的事感到羞耻。It was shameful of them to surrender.
aside adv.在旁边;向旁边:Stand aside and let these people pass. 靠边站,让这些人过去。n.[C](戏剧中的)旁白;独白
◆aside from
(1)除…之外(别无):Nobody, aside from him, could answer this question. 除他外,没人能回答这个问题。
(2)除…之外(尚有):Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 除了是乐趣和有益的锻炼外,游泳还是一种很有用的技能。(3)游泳除…外,如果不考虑:Aside from the rainy weather, our vacation was fun. 除了天气阴雨外,我们的假期还是玩得很高兴的。
【说明】aside from为美国英语,在英国英语中用apart from代之。
astronomy n.
[U]天文学:I’m very interested in astronomy. 我对天文学很感兴趣。
atom n.
1.[C]原子:Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是氢和氧的原子构成的。/ Everything on the earth is made up of atoms. 地球上的每一种东西都是由原子构成的。
2.[C]微粒,微量:There is not an atom of truth in what he said. 他所说的话没有丝毫真实性。/ There is not an atom of truth in the rumour. 这谣言一点也不真实。atomic[E5tCmIk] a.原子的,原子能的,原子武器的
automatic a.
1.自动的,机械的:an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣机 / automatic alarm 自动报警 / The heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control. 旅馆里的取暖系统是自动调温的。
2.不假思索的,无意识的:She knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic. 她对这一课极为熟悉,可不假思索地随口回答问题。/ Most of our movements are automatic. 我们人体的大部分动作都是无意识的。
3.必然的,自然的:A fine for this offence is automatic. 对于这种过失,罚款是必然的。
avenue n.
1. [C](城市的)林阴路,大街:an avenue of poplars 白杨树的林阴大道
2.[C]方法;途径:Several avenues are open to us. 我们面前有几条可行之路。