一乘三乘

　　乘为“交通运载”义，指成佛之教法，佛法乃唯一真理，能教化众生悉皆成佛，故称为一乘。三乘教法则针对众生之性情与能力，分为声闻、缘觉、菩萨等，并各有三种不同果报。“一乘”之语出自“华严经”明难品、“法华经”方便品与“胜鬘经”一乘章。又称佛乘、一佛乘、一乘教、一乘究竟教、一乘法、一道。喻如海水深广，称为一乘海。又一乘为大乘之最高教义，故佛典中有“一乘极唱”之语。又“法华经”为说明一乘理法之妙典，故有“一乘妙典”之称；其经文称为一乘妙文。据“究竟一乘宝性论”卷二、“大乘庄严经论”卷四等，声闻乘属小乘、下乘；缘觉乘、独觉乘属中乘；菩萨乘属大乘、上乘，故三乘法称为三乘教。因声闻、缘觉等二乘，不信受大乘法，故称愚法二乘；至如回小向大之二乘菩萨，则称不愚法二乘。　　在大乘法中，法相宗区分众生为五性，其中定性声闻、定性缘觉与定性菩萨，信受三乘教，唯不定性菩萨，才能信受一乘教，并得佛果，故采取三乘真实、一乘方便之立场。天台宗、华严宗，视一乘为真佛教，故取一乘真实，三乘方便之立场。三论宗以三乘中之菩萨乘为真实，二乘为方便；天台宗与华严宗，则于三乘之外另立佛乘。故法相宗与三论宗有“三车家”之称，华严与天台以“四车家”之称。所谓三车、四车之别，乃据“法华经”譬喻品中说明三乘、一乘之关系而来！此外，华严宗称究极教理为“一乘圆教”，称其他宗为“别教”。#bk-album-collection-box-789924{width:687px; height:228px; border:1px solid #C6E1F5; border-top:2px solid #268BD7; margin-bottom:30px; overflow:hidden;}.bacb-head{height:28px; background-color:#F5FBFF; padding-left:10px; position:relative;}.bacb-title{font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; line-height:28px;}.bacb-more{text-decoration:none; position:absolute; font-size:12px; line-height:1; line-height:14px \9; top:8px; right:8px; padding-right:9px; padding-right:11px; background:url("http://img.baidu.com/img/baike/s/arr.gif") no-repeat 54px -22px; background-position:54px -23px \9;}.bacb-more:hover{text-decoration:none;}#bacb-left-btn-789924, .bacb-window-outer, #bacb-right-btn-789924{float:left;}#bacb-left-btn-789924, #bacb-right-btn-789924{display:block; text-decoration:none; border:1px solid #FFF; width:17px; height:53px; background:url(http://img.baidu.com/img/baike/bkalbumbtn.gif) no-repeat; cursor:default;}#bacb-left-btn-789924{margin:59px 3px 0 6px; _margin-left:3px; background-position:3px 16px;}#bacb-right-btn-789924{margin:59px 5px 0 6px; background-position:-27px 16px;}#bacb-left-btn-789924.enable:hover{background-position:-61px 16px; border:1px solid #DDD; cursor:pointer;}#bacb-right-btn-789924.enable:hover{background-position:-91px 16px; border:1px solid #DDD; cursor:pointer;}.bacb-window-outer{width:628px; height:185px; position:relative; overflow:hidden; margin-top:15px;}#bacb-window-inner-789924{position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-left:6px; _padding-top:1px;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .item{float:left; width:156px; height:195px;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img{height:145px; position:relative;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b1, #bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b2, #bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b3, #bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .img-wrapper{position:absolute; background-color:#FFF;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b1{left:0; bottom:0; border:1px solid #CDCDCD;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b2{left:3px; bottom:3px; border:1px solid #CDCDCD;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .b3{left:6px; bottom:6px; border:1px solid #AAA;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .img .img-wrapper{left:9px; bottom:9px; display:block; text-decoration:none; line-height:1px;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .item .desc{text-align:center; font-family:宋体; width:145px; margin-top:7px; font-size:12px; line-height:1; line-height:14px \9;}#bacb-window-inner-789924 .item .count{color:#999; white-space:nowrap;}词条图册更多图册

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  《天台教学辞典》