新概念英语第二册课堂笔记——lesson 8

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】

★detective  n. 侦探
detective story 侦探小说

★airport  n. 机场
★airfield  n. 飞机起落的场地
port 港口；airport航空港
field 田野；airfield 停机坪
at the airport
on the airfield

★expect  v. 期待，等待
except 除……之外
expect／ik'spekt/ v. 期待，等待
I think so.
I expect so.我希望如此［口语］
expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事
expect sth.及物动词：I expect your letter.
I expect you to write back.
wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词
expect:心理上的等待
wait for:动作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
I expect my mother to come back.

★valuable  adj. 贵重的
★precious  adj. 珍贵的

value n.---valuable adj.有价值的
sth.is valuable/sth.is precious
precious 带有感情色彩的
precious photo 珍贵的照片
price 价格；priceless adj.-less 表否定；没有价格的，无价的
valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的
worth 值：worthless adj. 无价值的

★parcel  n. 包裹

★diamond  n. 钻石
precious stone 宝石
crystal 水晶; jade 玉
diamond ring 钻石戒指

★steal  v. 偷
steal,stole,stolen
steal sth. 偷（某物）
rob sb. 抢(某人)
My wallet was stolen.
I was robbed.
rob the bank

★main adj. 主要的
main building; main street
main sentence; main idea
不与人连用

★guard  n. 警戒，守卫
life guard 救生员/body guard　保镖

★stone  n. 石子

★sand  n. 沙子

本课重点：过去进行时，一般过去时

一般过去时与现在完成时
共同点：动作在过去都做过了。
区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。
I ate a piece of bread.
现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.
The clock stopped.陈述事实
The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响
 

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Did the detectives save the diamonds?

    The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of

diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.

When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the

airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping

guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!

参考译文

    飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企

图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦

探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！

【课文讲解】

all morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚（点）了
The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种人
　　　　　 笼统感念，可不加some,the
....were waiting... 故事背景，用进行时态
They were expecting...期待着心理上的等
They were waiting for...
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调的是茶
South Africa 南非
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
a few hours before/a few hours ago
someone had told...过去完成时，过去以前发生的事情
...that thieves would try to...
would+do 过去将来时,间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来
that 从句．典型的宾语从句，起转述作用
steal sth.
one...the other.../some...others...　
others=other+名词复数
...the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on...
when; while 当……时候
while能用when代替；　但是when却不一定能用while代替．
while+从句，动作一定会延续
when+延续性动词／瞬间动词；when he arrived
when he died
when,while强调动作同时发生

过去进行时：
在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作
瞬间动词（arrive)无进行时态
I am arriving 进行时态表示将要
When he arrived,I was having dinner.
同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时
When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking.
When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.

同时发生的两个动作
1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时

When the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on...
Two men took the parcel off...
take sth.off...=take sth.away from...
and carried it into...carried 表示看得很重
Customs House 海关
While...
...were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工，两个动作同时开始，不是同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，
长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时．
When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.
keep guard 守卫；at the door 在门边
two others=two other detectives
To their surprise
to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是
To my surprise,the teacher was late.
to one's joy
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.
to one's excitement
To our excitement,our team wins.
be full of ...装满
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.

总结
a few hours ealier 几个小时以前
two others
to one's surprise,...
be full of 装满

重点：过去动作同时发生的时态
1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和
结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时；
　I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.

2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作
发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时．
When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.　电话先响

3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间
动词使用过去时态。

【Special Difficulties】
Do you remember these sentences?
come and look at...
I am looking for...
v.+prep.+宾语
Now read these sentences
v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思
look at 看；look after照料
v.+prep./adv.+宾语（ｎ．）
v.+宾语（n./pron.)+prep./adv.
take off the coat……take the coat off/take it off
coat n.作宾语
put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以　v.+prep.+宾语(n.)
副词可省略．v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或　v.+adv.+宾语(n.)
at,after prep; off adv.
vt.+宾语
vi.+prep.+宾语
take vt./look vi.
I always take money with me.

Exercise
put the book on the desk--> put vt.
put out...-->out adv.
He is looking for his pen.……for prep.
1.give away...-->give(vt.)-->give...away
2.woke up...-->wake sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->wake...up...
wake me up.叫醒我；代词做宾语，放在动词与副词之间
3.look for...-->look(vi.)
4.cut off...-->cut(vt.);cut oneself;cut hair
5.put on...-->put...on...
6.give it back...-->it(pron.)
7.lift up...-->up(adv.)可省略；lift(up)sth;lift sth.up
8.take off...;put on...--->take (vt.)put(vt.)
9.look at...--->look(vi.)
10.send her away...---her(pron.)
11.pull down...-->pull(vt.);down(adv.)
pull one's leg 开玩笑
12.make up...--->make(vt.)up one's mind习惯用法不换,语法可换
13.ask for...-->ask(sb.)for sth. 省略sb.　
14.throw away...-->throw(vt.)...away...

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
vt.+adv.+宾语(n.)
vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.

vi+prep.+宾语(n.)

词组当中的练习，短语be interested in
如果不能接收，就记住－－放弃
如果已经说过，还没有明白，就要执著弄懂

【Multiple Choice Exercises】
5.had done.——两个动作先后发生（一个动作结束，另一个动作才发生）用过去
完成时
before:在……之前　　　as soon as:一……就

8.expect,wait
I expect so.   I expect your letter.  expect somebody to do
wait for
expect somebody to  expecting

9.valuable……precious   value:名词
worth后面一定要加动词　　　something is worth...
The book is worth reading.
worthy……be worthy of    worthless……something is worthless

10.加something做宾语的一定是steal

【Key structures】

Exercises D
1.As:正当　　将要走　　be doing   was leaving ...arrived
2.was working...was sitting
3.was working...met
4.was reading...heard  hear是不用进行时态的
5.set the table摆桌子   was preparing...set
6.dropped...was speaking