直接引语、间接引语口诀

趣味学英语系列之十四
在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。
直接引语变间接引语口诀：
直引若是一般问，变间ifwhether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 toldaskedordered,根据口气来选定。
告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,
not to do后边行。
直接引语变间接引语的人称变化:
一主二宾三不变.
直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。
附直接引语变间接引语的详细介绍：
直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，并把它放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。
1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法
如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。
◆ He said, “I get on well with people here.”
→He said that he got on well with people there.
◆ Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”
→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.
◆ John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.”
→John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.
【提醒注意】如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。
◆He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.”
→He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us.
2. 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语时，还可根据具体情况加一个间接宾语，
如me, us, him等。
◆The teacher said, “Will you be back today?”
→The teacher asked (him) if (whether) he would be back that day.
◆He asked, “Has the bell rung?”
→He asked if / whether the bell had rung.
◆ “Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示询问、征求意见）
→He wanted to know if （whether） he should tell her my telephone number.
【提醒注意】 “Would you like to...?”和“Would you please...?” 表示的是请求，变为间接引语时，常用动词不定式形式。
◆ “Would  you  like  to  help  me  with  my
lessons?” she asked me.
→She asked me to help her with her lessons.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语的方法
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引导的疑问句），变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
◆ He asked, “Who can carry the box?”
→He asked who could carry the box. (who作主语，语序不变)
◆ He asked, “Who is the man near the window?”
→He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表语，要改为陈述句语序）
◆ “Which one do you like best here?” he asked her.
→He asked her which one she liked best there.
◆“How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征询意见）
→She wanted to know how she should read the book.
4、直接引语是祈使句变间接引语的方法。
直接引语是祈使句，如果变为间接引语，其间接引语应为
“tell(ask/order/beg 等) sb(not) to do sth”?例如:
1) “Be careful with your writing,” the teacher said to me.
The teacher told me to be careful with my writing.
2) “Don’t take off your coats,” she said to the children.
She told the children not to take off their coats.
5、时态变化
要根据主句中的谓语动词时态调整宾语从句中谓语动词的时态?如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态?例如:
1) He said, “ I get up early every morning.”
He said that he got up early every morning. (一般现在时→一般过去时)
2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.”
She said she was working on a homework project. (现在进行时→过去进行时)
3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.”
She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般过去时→过去完成时)
注意在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:
1) 直接引语叙述的是科学真理?客观事实?格言等?例如:
“The moon moves round the earth,” the teacher said to the students.
The teacher told the students that the moon moves round the earth.
2) 直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语?例如:
“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said.