一般现在时讲解与练习

一般过去时精讲精练
定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。         结构：“主语+动词的过去式”
用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He was here yesterday.                             I got up at seven yesterday morning.
My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.           Did you have a good time last summer?
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
My mother often went to work by taxi last year.    When I was a student, I often listened to music.
3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间状语有：　at that time, then, at that moment, yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)last night (week, month, year…),一　段时间+ago(several days ago), two days ago, a week ago, three years ago…in 1990, (in 1997…) ,just now, long before, long, long ago
1． Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were2
构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +宾语
如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）" f4 r$ {9 X; y$ o/ h8 @- J
否定句：主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如：We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）# w3 P  Y2 N! P. D- S, k
肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) ) l9 R9 i7 E; [. G! ^
否定句： No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。)
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语. z$ d0 |* O. L/ M) m8 S% e
如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ . ~3 F/ ~9 }) U' B" l4 p. D% X' k, B
2． 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 4 O) ~7 t5 U. z0 v; x
肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语
如： I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。）
否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如：I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)  x' H4 G6 @: D0 d0 A
疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如： Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗？): M  Z5 |6 V0 ~7 A, e
肯定回答： Yes, I did. (是的，我回了。)
否定回答：No, I didn't. (不，我没回家。)   s+ ?) s4 z: K" L% C
3． 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：
shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数
will―would（将要）用于所有人称+ \7 ^; ?* N: S4 Y3 O
can ?could（能，会） may―might（可以） must―must （必须）. @0 K& ^( u% F
have to―had to（不得不）( E  c1 _( B; h6 g
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。& q/ O; v3 I; Z! v- W9 _* K+ u/ S
如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
4．一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。# x4 A0 d6 ]0 O) I& n! d3 @( _
1） 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如：play―played work―worked
2）以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved , g9 N6 q, P  ~" w
3） 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried
4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stop―stopped
5． --ed的读音规则如下：
1）在清辅音后面读[t]. work―worked [wE:kt] help―helped [helpt]
2）在浊辅音或元音后读[d]. learn―learned [lE:nd]
3）在[t] 和[d] 后读[id]. support―supported [sE'pC:tid]支持
6．不以ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词。
不规则动词的过去式：
a.过去式与动词原形的拼写形式相同：let → let, put → put, read → read,(注意read的过去式读[red])
b. i → a: begin → began, drink → drank, give → gave, ring → rang, sing → sang, sit → sat, swim → swam
c. i → o: drive → drove, ride → rode, write → wrote
d. ow → ew: grow → grew, know → knew, throw → threw
e. 含ough或augh的：bring → brought, buy → bought, think → thought；catch → caught, teach → taught
f. am is ---was　 are ---were 　do---did 　can---could 　come---came
不规则动词的过去式平时出现要留心,逐个熟记,注意积累。
三. 句型转化：
1．be 动词的过去时的句型如下：
(1)否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not…
(2)疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 …？
a.He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。 b.He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。
c.Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙  d.There weren’t any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。
e. Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？
2．行为动词的否定式和疑问式：
(1)若肯定句中只有一个行为动词,那就得在行为动词前加上did not或缩略式didn’t,并把这个行为动词由过去式改为动词原形。例如：
a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. →I did not / didn’t call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.
b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday. → I didn’t borrow a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.
(2) 行为动词的一般疑问句
若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式,那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮助提问,然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形,并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did.例如：
a. We stayed there for 10 days last month. → Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. → Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t一般过去时态的“三变”技巧
_一变：肯定句变为否定句 ' G: E8 |( V: e0 y3 |8 t
【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如： * R4 B& e( m5 H" H
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。
例如： I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：   R' d4 I" ^1 B3 V- W+ x  G
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs. . u& @6 ]* d' h' n  b. m6 V' S,
二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句 + m. Z8 I* o1 `% ~+ T6 @* X
【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如：
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原
例如： $ o, P- I5 ~# m. v; Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old? 0 O; [4 G( S- o. Q$ j! P( h
三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句 1 ^: {. z$ [  k/ f6 O7 j4 a  Z% A
【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert? 3 ^+ n1 f" [% U: i6 {" o
【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如： ( J& g' [8 `7 z' c) P
The accident happened near the station. →
练习：
一．用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. We ______ (live) in Japan last year.            2. Susan_______ (stop) the car on the street yesterday.
3. My mother_______ (clean) my room and ______(study) for the English test last Sunday.
4. What ______ you ______(do) last night?        5. On Saturday morning I _____(play) football.
二． 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1) May__________ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.
(2) Han Mei __________ (bring) her pet to the park that day.
(3) His father __________ (buy) a new computer for him last week.
(4) Miss Du__________ (walk) to work every day last term.
(5) We __________ (move) to Shenyang 8 years ago.
(6) __________ you __________ (have) bread for breakfast this morning?
(7) She __________ (give) me a nice present last night.
(8) The police __________ (stop) the car and __________ (catch) the thief (小偷) just now.
(9) Tom __________ (carry) water for the old man last Saturday.
(10)Uncle Wang _____________ ( come )into the room and __________ ( find ) something to eat.
(11).Lily ______________ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _________ ( leave ).
(12).Jimmy __________ ( do ) a lot today. He _________ ( go ) shopping and ________ ( cook ) supper.
(13).We _________ ( go ) to the cinema last night. The film ___________ ( be ) very good.
(14).What time _________ you __________ ( get ) to school this morning?
三．按要求变换下列句型,每空一词。
(1) Wei Fang cleaned the classroom an hour ago. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)
__________ Wei Fang __________ the classroom an hour ago?
__________, she __________.                       __________,she __________.
(2) Li Hong did her homework yesterday afternoon. (改为否定句)
Li Hong __________ __________ her homework yesterday afternoon.
(3) Uncle Li drove a truck to Wuhan three months ago(改成一般疑问句)
__________ Uncle Li __________a truck to Wuhan three months ago?
(4) Miss Gao taught them English last term.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ Miss Gao __________ __________ English?
(5) Mr Ren always went to work on foot last year. (对划线部分提问)
__________Mr Gao ________ to work last year？
(6)Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）       Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home.
(7)He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句)      ______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge?
(8)She stayed there for a month.（对划线部分提问）           ______ ______ _____ she _____ there?
(9)There was some tea in the cup.（变一般疑问句)                _____ there _____ tea in the cup?
四. 选择
(  )1.The two __________in the same class last year.        A. are　 B. was 　C. were
(  )2.---Where__________ you ? ----I went to buy some food for supper. A.are go 　B.did go　 C.do go
(  )3.The students in Li Lei’s class__________ on a farm last week.    A. work 　B. works　 C. worked
(  )4.__________ that worker __________in a shoe factory a year ago?
A. Do, work　 B.Did, worked　 C. Did, work
(  )5.---Have you found your pen ?----Yes, I__________ it two hours ago. A. found 　B. find　 C. finded
(  )6. __________your mother __________to work last Saturday?  A. Did, go 　B. Do, go 　C. Does, go
(  )7.They__________ not late the day before yesterday.            A. did　 B. were 　C. are
(  )8.__________ they away from school last October?             A. Did　 B. Were　 C. Do
(  )9. __________you__________ to school last Sunday?  A. Did, come　 B. Do, come 　C. Were, come
(  )10.What __________they__________ for breakfast last week?　A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have
(  )11.My friend __________his homework fifteen minutes ago.    A. finish 　B. finishes　 C. finished
(  )12.The boys__________ only two subjects last term, but this term they__________ five.
A. have, have　 B. had, had　 C. had, have
(  )13.Why __________Ann __________TV last night ?
A. didn’t, watch 　B. don’t ,watch 　C. doesn’t , watch
(  )14.They stopped here because they__________ the way to the station.
A. didn’t know　 B. don’t know 　C. will know
(  )15---Where __________ you find your ticket?      ----I __________it on the ground.
A. did, found　 B. do, found 　C. were, find
五.将下列各词重新排序使其成为正确的句子：
1. you go the did to city yesterday (?)   　  _______________________________
2. did he what in eat evening the (?)         ______________________________
3. went there I taxi by (.)                　______________________________
4. walked to the she back school (.)          ______________________________
5. it rainy was yesterday (?)                 ______________________________
II.熟记掌握下列(不)规则动词的过去式:
1.go---__________2.do---___________3.have/has---__________4.am/is---______ 6.are---_________
7.am not/isn’t---_________ 8.aren’t---____________9.don’t/doest---____________10.study---___________
11.play---__________12.see---____________13.get---___________14.come---_____________
15.eat---____________16.drink---_________17.write---_____________
18.stay---___________19.take---__________20.sit---____________
21.buy---___________22.sell---___________23.leave---__________
24.meet---__________25.read---__________