Where can you find abundant labor forces?

来源:百度文库 编辑:神马文学网 时间:2024/03/29 14:40:14
基于中国人口基数大这一特点,在劳动密集型产业方面中国具有极强的国际竞争力。全球企业纷纷进驻中国,把产品和技术出售到中国,这也促成中国制造产品遍布全球的局面。
中国在劳动密集型产业中的低成本优势将长期维持。东亚发展国家经验表明,随着经济增长和收入增加,这类产业很快会因工资成本上升在国际间发生梯度转移。由于中国劳动力供给潜力巨大,许多在中国改革开放之初就已形成的产业,20多年后工资成本仍没有多大变化。直到最近两年中国发达地区的“民工荒”才显露出工资向上的压力,距竞争力丧失还有很长一段时间。况且,这些产业在中国国内的梯度转移和赋予农民工市民待遇的社会政策改革,将延缓工资成本上升的过程。可以预测,这种竞争优势维持的时间大体与城市化进程一致。目前中国的城市化水平仅为40%左右,农村中仍积压着大批剩余劳动力。假设城市化率达到80%时,剩余劳动力潜力释放完毕,即使按照2000年以来城市化进程快速发展速度计算,即年均提高一个百分点左右,由农村剩余劳动力支撑的劳动密集型产业的竞争力也能维持40年左右。
Where can you find abundant labor forces?
China has strong international competitiveness in the labor intensive industry on the basis of the immense population. Made-in China products spreading around the world is actually a result of the global businesses entering into the Chinese market and selling their products and technologies to China.
China will maintain the low-cost advantage in the labor intensive industry for long. The developing experience of the eastern Asian countries shows that with the growth of the economy and the increase of residents’ income, the labor intensive industry will soon transfer among the global countries because of the increase of the labor costs. However, with surplus potential of supply of labor forces, many Chinese enterprises that established in the beginning of the open up and reform period did not have much change in the labor costs after twenty years. Only until the past two years have the enterprises located in the developed areas started to feel the pressure of arising labor costs and there is still a long time before China loses the competitiveness in this aspect. What’s more, the gradient transfer of these industries within China and the reform of the social policy in giving the citizen rights to the peasant-workers will suspend the arising of the labor costs. It is expected that the comparative advantage will stay until China finish the process of urbanization. Until now, the urbanization level of China is only approximately 40% and there is still surplus labor force in the countryside. Even when the urbanization reach the level of 80%, and the surplus labor force has been utilized, the competitiveness in the labor intensive industry substantiated by the surplus labor force in the countryside will still remain 40 years even with the annual growth rate of 1%, as fast as that of the rapid urbanization process since 2000.
中国在中高技能劳动力成本方面的优势开始显露。由于就业压力增大,以升学为目的的中学教育和重视工程教育的高等教育体系的优势逐步显现,使中国在资本和技术密集的产业开始形成很强的竞争力。跨国公司大举进入中国,一些高新技术企业的研发中心移往中国就是一个明证。过去中国商品一般集中在“质量好但技术含量低”的产品上,但现在中国已成为一个“产品成本低但技术含量高”的国家,中国正在由“中国制造”向“中国创造”迈进,中国政府也十分重视这一效应,在中国进口高新技术及产品方面提供更有利的政策扶持。随着高等教育的普及和职业教育的发展,高新技术人才在工资成本上比较优势将会越来越突出。中国创造产品也必定会全球化,在中国您可以找到更多更合适您的高技能人才和中国制造供应商。
各层次劳动成本的比较优势,将使未来中国不仅在低层次产业具有极强竞争力,在资本和技术密集型产业中也具有很强竞争潜力。这些良好的社会环境可以更好的为您提供更为全面的服务,为您的产品和技术出售到中国提供更强有力的后盾。
China’s advantage in the senior and middle skilled labor costs has emerged. To avoid the employment pressure, secondary education which aims at entering into a higher school and the higher education that emphasizes engineering gradually show their advantage and contribute to the competitiveness of China’s capital and technology intensive industry. It’s a proof enough that multinational companies and many high and new tech R&D centers entering into China. In the past, China mainly produced goods with high quality and low technology, but now China has become a paradise with low costs and high technology, approaching from products made in China to products created in China. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to introducing high and new technologies and products and provides an advantageous policy support. With the popularization of the higher education and the development of the vocational education, the comparative advantage in the labor costs of the high and new tech labor will become more and more prominent. As a result, products created in China will certainly spread around the world. You can find more suitable high tech talents and Chinese manufacturing providers here in China.
The comparative advantages in labor costs of all levels will promise China not only powerful competitiveness in low level industry but also strong potentials in capital and technology intensive industry. The very favorable social environment will better service you and provide stronger backup for your products and technologies to tap the Chinese market.