神马文学网初中英语语法总结
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初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目
构 成
用 法
象 征 词
规则变化
不规则变化
例 句
一般现在时
动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es
表示经常性的
动作或状态
Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。
一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies
have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过去时
动词用过去时
Be—was/ were
表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态
ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied
go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等
He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时
be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原
在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事
tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来
Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时
be＋doing
表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态
listen look now
all the time Don’t…
一般去e 双写
+ing
tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing
Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时
现在完成进行
have / has +PP
have/has been+doing
发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
含糊的频率副词 already just never ever
分词规则的同过去式是一样的
不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆
I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时
was / were +doing
多用于复合句中
表在过去某时间正在进行的动作
at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening
一般去e 双写
+ing
tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing
He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时
had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中
该动作发生在过去的过去
by the time＋过去时
when after before
规则的分词构成与过去时一样的
需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表
We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
过去将来时
would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中
过去看来将要发生的动作或状态
He said that he… the next day .
He said that he would come here the next day .
比较级形式
形容副词名词
后--er 前加more
名词比较用more
表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时
than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier
good/well —better
much/many—more
She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级形式
形容副词名词
后-est 前加most
名词比较用most
大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较
in the ＋比较范围
of the 具体的数字
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest
bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest
She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化
作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now .
作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary.
作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.
作表语
His job is to take care of children .
作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .
作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
主从复合句
状语从句
句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。
宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.
定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式
We speak English .
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by us
宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾
主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )
语法项目
构 成
用 法
象 征 词
规则变化
不规则变化
例 句
一般现在时
动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es
表示经常性的
动作或状态
Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。
一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies
have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过去时
动词用过去时
Be—was/ were
表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态
ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied
go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等
He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时
be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原
在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事
tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来
Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时
be＋doing
表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态
listen look now
all the time Don’t…
一般去e 双写
+ing
tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing
Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时
现在完成进行
have / has +PP
have/has been+doing
发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
含糊的频率副词 already just never ever
分词规则的同过去式是一样的
不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆
I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时
was / were +doing
多用于复合句中
表在过去某时间正在进行的动作
at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening
一般去e 双写
+ing
tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing
He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时
had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中
该动作发生在过去的过去
by the time＋过去时
when after before
规则的分词构成与过去时一样的
需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表
We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
过去将来时
would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中
过去看来将要发生的动作或状态
He said that he… the next day .
He said that he would come here the next day .
比较级形式
形容副词名词
后--er 前加more
名词比较用more
表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时
than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier
good/well —better
much/many—more
She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级形式
形容副词名词
后-est 前加most
名词比较用most
大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较
in the ＋比较范围
of the 具体的数字
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest
bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest
She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化
作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now .
作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary.
作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.
作表语
His job is to take care of children .
作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .
作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
主从复合句
状语从句
句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。
宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.
定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式
We speak English .
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by us
宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾
主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )