新概念语法:英语倒装的两种情况详解

来源:百度文库 编辑:神马文学网 时间:2024/04/25 00:44:19
来源:新概念家园  作者:qihui
倒装有两种情况:部分倒装(主语和助动词倒置)和全部倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置)。之所以使用倒装,一是为了句子的需要;二是为了语法结构的需要。
一、为了句子意义的需要
也就是为了强调句子的某一内容,并使上下文衔接紧密;或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况:
1.句子谓语是go,come,run等表示位置的动词和be动词,句中又有表示方位的副词(如the re,here,up,down,out,in,away等),为了强调该副词,可将其放于句首,而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。如:
Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
但主语是人称代词时,主语仍置于动词之前。如:
Away he comes. 他来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
2.为了强调句中的状语或表语,为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密,可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.
校长坐在大厅的前部。
In this paragraph can be found an answer.
在这段里能找到答案。
3.为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句),则将它们移到句首,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
直到1918年战争结束后,他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。
4.将含有否定意义的副词(never,seldom,not,little,hardly等)置于句首以示强调时,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。
5.为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构,将其置于句首时,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.
在上次会议上他一句话都没说。
6. Hardly…when,no sooner…than,not only…but also引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装,后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
如:
Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.
我刚刚离开家就下雨了。
但neither/not…nor引导两个分句时,这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如:
Neither do I know her address,nor does he.
我不知道她的地址,他也不知道。
Not could the patient eat,nor could he drink.
那个病人既不能吃,也不能喝。
7.在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面,形成主谓的完全倒装。如:
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
她激动得一句话也说不出来。
在“so+副词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+副词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的主谓作部分倒装。如:
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
他的声音那么大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
光速如此之快,我们很难想象。
二、由于语法结构的需要使用倒装。常见于下列句型:
1.“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如:
I was late and so was she.
我迟到了,她也迟到了。
They loveshavingslots of friends,so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢广交朋友,残疾人也一样。
2.“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如:
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I.
她不走,我也不。
I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim)。
我不会游泳,他也不会。
3.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,wer e或should等移到主语前,作部分或完全倒装。
Had you come yesterday,you would have seen him.
若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。
4.表示存在的句型“There be+主语”也属于倒装句之列。如:
There are three chairs,a desk and a computer in the room.