挪威（一）奥斯陆 维格兰雕塑公园

国外——北欧四国 2010-08-29 10:20:45 阅读85183 评论432   字号：大中小

到挪威首都奥斯陆第一个就去看维格兰雕塑公园。从家出来的时候，好友艺术家再三说到奥斯陆一定要去雕塑公园，一定要把那些精美的雕塑多多地拍些回来。他们也来过，就是赶上了大雨，未能在这里仔细的欣赏，所以一定要我们补上他们的缺憾。
维格兰雕塑公园在挪威首都奥斯陆的西北角，有一座占地 50 公顷的公园，园内繁花绿茵，小溪淙淙。公园有 192 座雕塑，总计有 650个人物雕像。从公园的大门开始，沿着850 米的中轴线，依次是石桥、喷泉、圆台阶、生死柱。
石桥两侧各有 29 座彼此对称的铜雕。石桥两边的护栏上，安放着反映日常生活的 58 座青铜雕像，塑造了许多青年男女和儿童。体格雄健的男子、绰约多姿的少女和纯真无邪的儿童组成了大组群雕。它们有的在尽情地跳舞，有的在谈情说爱，也有丈夫打骂妻子儿女的……维格兰在这组雕像群中，穿插了一个新的主题思想——父亲与孩子们在一起。相传 20 世纪初期，在西方男人们的心目中，料理家务、养儿育女和经营“后方”乃是妻子们的事。他们一方面向往成家立业，另一方面却又不甘心陷入家庭生活的网套。他们厌烦婚后的生活，企图挣脱妻子儿女们的纠缠。但现实生活像一团团乱麻，剪不断，理还乱，将他们和家人盘绕在一起。最引人注目的是一尊嚎啕大哭的小男孩雕像，只见他跺着双脚，挥动着胳膊，仿佛寻求父母之爱。这个孩子问世后得到世界各国到这里的游客关爱，个个都要和他合影，个个都要对他抚爱，让你很难找到他一个人发脾气的时候。说是人们爱他过分，这个男孩被不知名的关爱人偷偷地带回家不给送回来，现在看的这个不知道是第几个复制品啦。
那 喷泉四角，各有5 幅树丛雕，四壁为浮雕，中央是托盘群雕。六个强壮的男人奋力托起石盆，石盆泉水四溢。这水象征财富，这石盆象征着生活的艰辛，男人只有撑得起生活的重担才能享受人生的欢乐。喷泉下面的四壁是浮雕，从婴儿出世开始，经过童年、少年、青年、壮年、老年，直到死亡，反映人生的全过程。而四 角的树丛雕，一角是天真活泼的儿童，一角是情思奔放的青年，一角是劳累艰苦的壮年，一角是垂暮临终的老年，组成人生的四幅画面。
圆台阶周围是匀称的 36 座花岗岩石雕，中央高耸着生死柱。全部雕像，形成几幅美丽的几何图案，匀称和谐，浑然一体。圆台阶的 36 座石雕，也是从婴儿出生开始的，依次环行，渐渐看到人生各个时期的形象：孩子们在捉迷藏，少年们在扭打玩耍，情人在窃窃私语，老人们熬度暮年，环绕一周，到第 36 座死亡球塔为止。圆台阶中心的生死柱，无论在艺术技巧上，或是思想内容上，都算得上维格兰最具代表性的杰作。它是维格兰花费 14 年心血雕成的。石柱高达 17 米，周围上下刻满了 121 个裸体男女浮雕。柱上死者惨相目不忍睹，有夭折的婴儿，不幸的青年，披头散发的妇女，骨瘦如柴的老人。这根“生死柱”描绘了世人不满于人间生活而向“天堂”攀登时，相互倾轧和相互扶掖的情景。人们有的沉迷，有的警醒，有的挣扎，有的绝望，组成了一个陡峭上升的旋律。
公园的尽头是生命轮，四个大人和三个小孩手脚相连成为一环。象征人类生生不息，也代表着奥斯陆打头那个字母O。
这公园的杰作全部出于挪威的雕塑家古斯塔夫.维格兰之手。维格兰1869年生于挪威的农民家庭，25岁就举办个人雕塑展览，1907年创作了这个公园的喷泉雕塑，1924年，奥斯陆政府在公园给他修建了一个塔楼作住宅兼工作室，划出公园的大片土地让他安排他的作品。交换的条件是这些作品要全部献给奥斯陆。维格兰从此在在此一干就是二十多年，创造了现在雕塑园这些举世无双的人生旅途之作。1943年维格兰死后，骨灰就留在这公园塔楼，现在这里是维格兰的博物馆。可惜旅游团没有安排去参观。

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26    生气的小男孩，手都被人摸的铮亮                                                                                                                   -

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37    圆台阶和生死柱                                                                                                                                               -

38    生死柱                                                                                                                                                                -

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40    圆台阶雕塑                                                                                                                                                        -

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50    生命环                                                                                                                                                    -

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